Results for 'Traci Mann'

960 found
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  1.  66
    If Shaming Reduced Obesity, There Would Be No Fat People.A. Janet Tomiyama & Traci Mann - 2013 - Hastings Center Report 43 (3):4-5.
    One of six commentaries on “Obesity: Chasing an Elusive Epidemic,” by Daniel Callahan, from the January‐February 2013 issue.
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  2. Convergences: Black Feminism and Continental Philosophy.Maria del Guadalupe Davidson, Kathryn T. Gines & Donna-Dale L. Marcano (eds.) - 2010 - SUNY Press.
    A range of themes—race and gender, sexuality, otherness, sisterhood, and agency—run throughout this collection, and the chapters constitute a collective discourse at the intersection of Black feminist thought and continental philosophy, converging on a similar set of questions and concerns. These convergences are not random or forced, but are in many ways natural and necessary: the same issues of agency, identity, alienation, and power inevitably are addressed by both camps. Never before has a group of scholars worked together to examine (...)
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  3.  61
    AUTOGEN: A Personalized Large Language Model for Academic Enhancement—Ethics and Proof of Principle.Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Brian D. Earp, Nikolaj Møller, Suren Vynn & Julian Savulescu - 2023 - American Journal of Bioethics 23 (10):28-41.
    Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT or Google’s Bard have shown significant performance on a variety of text-based tasks, such as summarization, translation, and even the generation of new...
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  4.  91
    A Personalized Patient Preference Predictor for Substituted Judgments in Healthcare: Technically Feasible and Ethically Desirable.Brian D. Earp, Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Jemima Allen, Sabine Salloch, Vynn Suren, Karin Jongsma, Matthias Braun, Dominic Wilkinson, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Annette Rid, David Wendler & Julian Savulescu - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (7):13-26.
    When making substituted judgments for incapacitated patients, surrogates often struggle to guess what the patient would want if they had capacity. Surrogates may also agonize over having the (sole) responsibility of making such a determination. To address such concerns, a Patient Preference Predictor (PPP) has been proposed that would use an algorithm to infer the treatment preferences of individual patients from population-level data about the known preferences of people with similar demographic characteristics. However, critics have suggested that even if such (...)
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  5. Might text-davinci-003 have inner speech?Stephen Francis Mann & Daniel Gregory - 2024 - Think 23 (67):31-38.
    In November 2022, OpenAI released ChatGPT, an incredibly sophisticated chatbot. Its capability is astonishing: as well as conversing with human interlocutors, it can answer questions about history, explain almost anything you might think to ask it, and write poetry. This level of achievement has provoked interest in questions about whether a chatbot might have something similar to human intelligence or even consciousness. Given that the function of a chatbot is to process linguistic input and produce linguistic output, we consider the (...)
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  6. Free energy: a user’s guide.Stephen Francis Mann, Ross Pain & Michael D. Kirchhoff - 2022 - Biology and Philosophy 37 (4):1-35.
    Over the last fifteen years, an ambitious explanatory framework has been proposed to unify explanations across biology and cognitive science. Active inference, whose most famous tenet is the free energy principle, has inspired excitement and confusion in equal measure. Here, we lay the ground for proper critical analysis of active inference, in three ways. First, we give simplified versions of its core mathematical models. Second, we outline the historical development of active inference and its relationship to other theoretical approaches. Third, (...)
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  7.  76
    Generative AI and medical ethics: the state of play.Hazem Zohny, Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Brian D. Earp & John McMillan - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics 50 (2):75-76.
    Since their public launch, a little over a year ago, large language models (LLMs) have inspired a flurry of analysis about what their implications might be for medical ethics, and for society more broadly. 1 Much of the recent debate has moved beyond categorical evaluations of the permissibility or impermissibility of LLM use in different general contexts (eg, at work or school), to more fine-grained discussions of the criteria that should govern their appropriate use in specific domains or towards certain (...)
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  8.  15
    Digital Duplicates, Relational Scarcity, and Value: Commentary on Danaher and Nyholm (2024).Cristina Voinea, Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Christopher Register, Julian Savulescu & Brian D. Earp - 2024 - Philosophy and Technology 37 (4):1-8.
    Danaher and Nyholm ( 2024a ) have recently proposed that digital duplicates—such as fine-tuned, “personalized” large language models that closely mimic a particular individual—might reduce that individual’s _scarcity_ and thus increase the amount of instrumental value they can bring to the world. In this commentary, we introduce the notion of _relational scarcity_ and explore how digital duplicates would affect the value of interpersonal relationships.
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  9. Teleosemantics and the free energy principle.Stephen Francis Mann & Ross Pain - 2022 - Biology and Philosophy 37 (4):1-25.
    The free energy principle is notoriously difficult to understand. In this paper, we relate the principle to a framework that philosophers of biology are familiar with: Ruth Millikan’s teleosemantics. We argue that: systems that minimise free energy are systems with a proper function; and Karl Friston’s notion of implicit modelling can be understood in terms of Millikan’s notion of mapping relations. Our analysis reveals some surprising formal similarities between the two frameworks, and suggests interesting lines of future research. We hope (...)
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  10. Teleosemantics and the Hard Problem of Content.Stephen Francis Mann & Ross Pain - 2022 - Philosophical Psychology 35 (1):22-46.
    Hutto and Myin claim that teleosemantics cannot account for mental content. In their view, teleosemantics accounts for a poorer kind of relation between cognitive states and the world but lacks the theoretical tools to account for a richer kind. We show that their objection imposes two criteria on theories of content: a truth-evaluable criterion and an intensionality criterion. For the objection to go through, teleosemantics must be subject to both these criteria and must fail to satisfy them. We argue that (...)
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  11. Consequences of a Functional Account of Information.Stephen Francis Mann - 2018 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 11 (3):1-19.
    This paper aims to establish several interconnected points. First, a particular interpretation of the mathematical definition of information, known as the causal interpretation, is supported largely by misunderstandings of the engineering context from which it was taken. A better interpretation, which makes the definition and quantification of information relative to the function of its user, is outlined. The first half of the paper is given over to introducing communication theory and its competing interpretations. The second half explores three consequences of (...)
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  12. Francis Bacon and Socialized Science.Antoinette Mann Paterson - 1974 - Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 79 (4):549-551.
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  13.  54
    The Difference of Feminist Philosophy: The Case of Shame.Bonnie Mann - 2018 - Puncta 1 (1):41.
    This essay is written in two parts. The first is a commentary on the affective politics of philosophy as a discipline. The theme here is philosophy’s reverence problem, an affective bond to the teacher and the text, which is threatened or even injured by feminist philosophy. Feminist philosophy emerges as disruptive irreverence in the midst of the discipline, and injured reverence becomes a powerful prereflective motivation for resistance to feminist thought. The second part of the essay is an exploration of (...)
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  14.  85
    The Relevance View: Defended and Extended.Kirsten Mann - 2021 - Utilitas 33 (1):101-110.
    The Relevance View, exemplified by Alex Voorhoeve's Aggregate Relevant Claims, has considerable appeal. It accommodates our reluctance to aggregate weak claims in canonical cases like Life for Headaches, while permitting aggregation of claims in a range of other cases. But it has been the target of significant criticism. In an important recent paper, Patrick Tomlin argues that the view suffers from failures of internal logic, violating plausible consistency constraints and generating incoherent combinations of verdicts on cases. And in cases resembling (...)
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  15. Divine Simplicity.William E. Mann - 1982 - Religious Studies 18 (4):451 - 471.
    In The City of God, XI, 10, St Augustine claims that the divine nature is simple because ‘it is what it has’ (quod habet hoc est). We may take this as a slogan for the Doctrine of Divine Simplicity (DDS), a doctrine which finds its way into orthodox medieval Christian theological speculation. Like the doctrine of God's timeless eternality, the DDS has seemed obvious and pious to many, and incoherent, misguided, and repugnant to others. Unlike the doctrine of God's timeless (...)
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  16.  99
    Relevance and Nonbinary Choices.Kirsten Mann - 2021 - Ethics 132 (2):382-413.
    In cases where the claims of different groups of people compete, the Relevance View occupies a middle ground between aggregation and nonaggregation. It allows weaker claims to aggregate to outweigh a stronger claim just when the competing claims, compared pairwise, are sufficiently close in strength. The view has strong intuitive appeal when applied to simple binary choices, but I argue that attempts to extend it to nonbinary choices have been unsuccessful. I propose a new extension of the Relevance View to (...)
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  17.  37
    A framework for the ethical assessment of chimeric animal research involving human neural tissue.Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Rosa Sun & Göran Hermerén - 2019 - BMC Medical Ethics 20 (1):10.
    Animal models of human diseases are often used in biomedical research in place of human subjects. However, results obtained by animal models may fail to hold true for humans. One way of addressing this problem is to make animal models more similar to humans by placing human tissue into animal models, rendering them chimeric. Since technical and ethical limitations make neurological disorders difficult to study in humans, chimeric models with human neural tissue could help advance our understanding of neuropathophysiology. In (...)
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  18. The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing.Michael Mann - 2004 - Cambridge University Press.
    A new theory of ethnic cleansing based on the most terrible cases and cases of lesser violence. Murderous cleansing is modern, 'the dark side of democracy'. It results where the demos is confused with the ethnos. Danger arises where two rival ethno-national movements each claims 'its own' state over the same territory. Conflict escalates where either the weaker side fights because of aid from outside, or the stronger side believes it can deploy sudden, overwhelming force. Escalation is not simply the (...)
     
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  19.  27
    UK doctors’ strikes 2023: not only justified but, arguably, supererogatory.Doug McConnell & Darren Mann - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics 50 (3):152-156.
    The 2023 doctors’ strikes in the UK have elicited a familiar moral outcry that such strikes are morally wrong. We consider five arguments that might be thought to show doctors’ strikes are morally impermissible but show that they all fail. The most we can conclude from such arguments is that doctors’ strikes are morally permissible in a narrower range of circumstances than strikes in other sectors.We then outline two independent but compatible justifications for doctors’ strikes, one that appeals to doctors’ (...)
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  20.  17
    Know Thyself, Improve Thyself: Personalized LLMs for Self-Knowledge and Moral Enhancement.Alberto Giubilini, Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Cristina Voinea, Brian Earp & Julian Savulescu - 2024 - Science and Engineering Ethics 30 (6):1-15.
    In this paper, we suggest that personalized LLMs trained on information written by or otherwise pertaining to an individual could serve as artificial moral advisors (AMAs) that account for the dynamic nature of personal morality. These LLM-based AMAs would harness users’ past and present data to infer and make explicit their sometimes-shifting values and preferences, thereby fostering self-knowledge. Further, these systems may also assist in processes of self-creation, by helping users reflect on the kind of person they want to be (...)
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  21. Simplicity and Immutability in God.William E. Mann - 1983 - International Philosophical Quarterly 23 (3):267-276.
  22. Attribution of Information in Animal Interaction.Stephen Francis Mann - 2018 - Biological Theory 13 (3):164–179.
    This article establishes grounds on which attributions of information and encoding in animal signals are warranted. As common interest increases between evolutionary agents, the theoretical approach best suited to describing their interaction shifts from evolutionary game theory to communication theory, which warrants informational language. The take-home positive message is that in cooperative settings, signals can appropriately be described as transmitting encoded information, regardless of the cognitive powers of signalers. The canonical example is the honeybee waggle dance, which is discussed extensively (...)
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  23.  33
    Understanding via exemplification in XAI: how explaining image classification benefits from exemplars.Sara Mann - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-16.
    Artificial intelligent (AI) systems that perform image classification tasks are being used to great success in many application contexts. However, many of these systems are opaque, even to experts. This lack of understanding can be problematic for ethical, legal, or practical reasons. The research field Explainable AI (XAI) has therefore developed several approaches to explain image classifiers. The hope is to bring about understanding, e.g., regarding why certain images are classified as belonging to a particular target class. Most of these (...)
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  24.  28
    On ne naît pas femme: on le devient : The Life of a Sentence.Bonnie J. Mann & Martina Ferrari (eds.) - 2017 - Oxford University Press.
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  25. Evoke: A Python package for evolutionary signalling games.Stephen Francis Mann & Manolo Martínez - 2024 - Journal of Open Source Software 9 (103):6703.
    Evoke is a Python library for evolutionary simulations of signalling games. It offers a simple and intuitive API that can be used to analyze arbitrary game-theoretic models, and to easily reproduce and customize well-known results and figures from the literature.
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  26.  70
    Femininity, Shame, and Redemption.Bonnie Mann - 2018 - Hypatia 33 (3):402-417.
    At a time when some modicum of formal gender equality has been won in many late‐capitalist societies of the West, what explains the persistence of practices that extract labor and value from women and girls while granting a “surplus” of value to men and boys? Gendered shame is a central mechanism of the apparatus that secures the continued subordination of women across a number of class and race contexts in the mediatized, late‐capitalist West. Focusing on the story of Amanda Todd, (...)
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  27.  9
    Handbook of Interpersonal Psychoanalysis: Edited by Marylou Lionells... [Et Al.].Marylou Lionells, John Fiscalini, Carola Mann & Donnel B. Stern (eds.) - 1995 - Routledge.
    A decade in the making, the _Handbook i_s the definitive contemporary exposition of interpersonal psychoanalysis. It provides an authoritative overview of development, psychopathology, and treatment as conceptualized from the interpersonal viewpoint.
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  28. Descartes and Augustine.William E. Mann - 2000 - Philosophical Review 109 (3):438-441.
  29.  29
    Phonological awareness: The role of reading experience.Virginia A. Mann - 1986 - Cognition 24 (1-2):65-92.
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  30.  45
    Rhetorical Structure Theory: looking back and moving ahead.William C. Mann & Maite Taboada - 2006 - Discourse Studies 8 (3):423-459.
    Rhetorical Structure Theory has enjoyed continuous attention since its origins in the 1980s. It has been applied, compared to other approaches, and also criticized in a number of areas in discourse analysis, theoretical linguistics, psycholinguistics, and computational linguistics. In this article, we review some of the discussions about the theory itself, especially addressing issues of the reliability of analyses and psychological validity, together with a discussion of the nature of text relations. We also propose areas for further research. A follow-up (...)
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  31. Situated Black Women's Voices in/on the Profession of Philosophy.Anita Allen, Anika Maaza Mann, Donna-Dale L. Marcano, Michele Moody-Adams & Jacqueline Scott - 2008 - Hypatia 23 (2):160-189.
  32. Have wars and violence declined?Michael Mann - 2018 - Theory and Society 47 (1):37-60.
    For over 150 years liberal optimism has dominated theories of war and violence. It has been repeatedly argued that war and violence either are declining or will shortly decline. There have been exceptions, especially in Germany and more generally in the first half of the twentieth century, but there has been a recent revival of such optimism, especially in the work of Azar Gat, John Mueller, Joshua Goldstein, and Steven Pinker who all perceive a long-term decline in war and violence (...)
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  33. The contradictions of racism : Locke, slavery, and the two treatises.Robert Bernasconi & Anika Maaza Mann - 2005 - In Andrew Valls, Race and Racism in Modern Philosophy. Cornell University Press.
  34.  27
    Withdraw or affiliate? The role of humiliation during initiation rituals.Liesbeth Mann, Allard R. Feddes, Bertjan Doosje & Agneta H. Fischer - 2016 - Cognition and Emotion 30 (1):80-100.
  35.  39
    Health Research Priority Setting: State Obligations and the Human Right to Science.Sebastian Porsdam Mann & Maximillian M. Schmid - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics 18 (11):33-35.
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  36. The Wizard and the Prophet.Charles C. Mann - 2018
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  37.  44
    The Nature of God: An Inquiry into Divine Attributes.William E. Mann - 1992 - Philosophical Review 101 (2):442.
  38.  24
    The Virtue of Faith and Other Essays in Philosophical Theology.William E. Mann - 1990 - Philosophical Review 99 (1):135.
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  39.  20
    Distinguishing universal and language-dependent levels of speech perception: Evidence from Japanese listeners' perception of English “l” and “r”.Virginia A. Mann - 1986 - Cognition 24 (3):169-196.
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  40.  9
    Augustine on Evil and Original Sin.William E. Mann - 2016 - In God, Belief, and Perplexity. New York, US: Oxford University Press USA.
    This chapter addresses Augustine’s solution to the perplexity that plagued him in his earlier years—how can evil exist in a world created by an omniscient, omnipotent, perfectly good God? In Confessions 7 he gives his reasons for rejecting Manichaean dualism. Book 13 emphasizes the doctrine of creation ex nihilo, with its entailment that everything that exists is good. But not all creatures are equally good. Augustine regards sin as the willful abandonment of greater goods for lesser ones, when the abandonment (...)
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  41.  31
    Applications of Rhetorical Structure Theory.William C. Mann & Maite Taboada - 2006 - Discourse Studies 8 (4):567-588.
    Rhetorical Structure Theory is a theory of text organization that has led to areas of application beyond discourse analysis and text generation, its original goals. In this article, we review the most important applications in several areas: discourse analysis, theoretical linguistics, psycholinguistics, and computational linguistics. We also provide a list of resources useful for work within the RST framework. The present article is a complement to our review of the theoretical aspects of the theory.
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  42. A Logical Analysis of Monty Hall and Sleeping Beauty.Allen L. Mann & Ville Aarnio - 2018 - Studia Logica 106 (6):1123-1162.
    Hintikka and Sandu’s independence-friendly logic is a conservative extension of first-order logic that allows one to consider semantic games with imperfect information. In the present article, we first show how several variants of the Monty Hall problem can be modeled as semantic games for IF sentences. In the process, we extend IF logic to include semantic games with chance moves and dub this extension stochastic IF logic. Finally, we use stochastic IF logic to analyze the Sleeping Beauty problem, leading to (...)
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  43.  18
    6. God's Freedom, Human Freedom, and God's Responsibility for Sin.William E. Mann - 1988 - In Thomas V. Morris, Divine and Human Action: Essays in the Metaphysics of Theism. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. pp. 182-210.
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  44.  60
    Invited symposium: Feminists encountering animals.Lori Gruen, Kari Weil, Kelly Oliver, Traci Warkentin, Stephanie Jenkins, Carrie Rohman, Emily Clark & Greta Gaard - 2012 - Hypatia 27 (3):492 - 526.
  45. From Fuller to Fawcett.Shahla Ala'I.-Rosales Malika Pritchett, M. Cihon Traci & Alicia Re Cruz - 2022 - In David J. Cox, Research ethics in behavior analysis: from laboratory to clinic and classroom. London, United Kingdom: Elsevier.
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  46.  10
    Metamorphoses of the Zoo: Animal Encounter After Noah.Helena Pedersen, Natalie Dian, Matthew Chrulew, Jennifer Wlech, Ralph Acampora, Nicole Mazur, Koen Margodt, Lisa Kemmerer, Bernard Rollin, Randy Malamud, Chilla Bulbeck, Leesa Fawcett, Traci Warkentin, David Lulka, Gay Bradshaw & Debra Durham (eds.) - 2010 - Lexington Books.
    Metamorphoses of the Zoo marshals a unique compendium of critical interventions that envision novel modes of authentic encounter that cultivate humanity's biophilic tendencies without abusing or degrading other animals. These take the form of radical restructurings of what were formerly zoos or map out entirely new, post-zoo sites or experiences. The result is a volume that contributes to moral progress on the inter-species front and eco-psychological health for a humankind whose habitats are now mostly citified or urbanizing.
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  47.  18
    Mitochondrially localized MPZL3 emerges as a signaling hub of mammalian physiology.Tongyu C. Wikramanayake, Carina Nicu, Jérémy Chéret, Traci A. Czyzyk & Ralf Paus - 2021 - Bioessays 43 (10):2100126.
    MPZL3 is a nuclear‐encoded, mitochondrially localized, immunoglobulin‐like V‐type protein that functions as a key regulator of epithelial cell differentiation, lipid metabolism, ROS production, glycemic control, and energy expenditure. Recently, MPZL3 has surfaced as an important modulator of sebaceous gland function and of hair follicle cycling, an organ transformation process that is also governed by peripheral clock gene activity and PPARγ. Given the phenotype similarities and differences between Mpzl3 and Pparγ knockout mice, we propose that MPZL3 serves as a signaling hub (...)
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  48. Teleosemantics, Structural Resemblance and Predictive Processing.Ross Alexander Pain & Stephen Francis Mann - 2024 - Erkenntnis:1-25.
    We propose a pluralist account of content for predictive processing systems. Our pluralism combines Millikan's teleosemantics with existing structural resemblance accounts. The paper has two goals. First, we outline how a teleosemantic treatment of signal passing in predictive processing systems would work, and how it integrates with structural resemblance accounts. We show that the core explanatory motivations and conceptual machinery of teleosemantics and predictive processing mesh together well. Second, we argue this pluralist approach expands the range of empirical cases to (...)
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  49. Modality, morality, and God.William E. Mann - 1989 - Noûs 23 (1):83-99.
  50.  24
    Have human societies evolved? Evidence from history and pre-history.Michael Mann - 2016 - Theory and Society 45 (3):203-237.
    I ask whether social evolutionary theories found in sociology, archaeology, and anthropology are useful in explaining human development from the Stone Age to the present-day. My data are partly derived from the four volumes of The Sources of Social Power, but I add statistical data on the growth of complexity and power in human groups. I distinguish three levels of evolutionary theory. The first level offers a minimalist definition of evolution in terms of social groups responding and adapting to changes (...)
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