Results for 'cytokine'

66 found
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  1.  12
    Cytokine signal transduction and the JAK family of protein tyrosine kinases.Andrew F. Wilks & Ailsa G. Harpur - 1994 - Bioessays 16 (5):313-320.
    Cytokine receptors fall into two basic classes: those with their own intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) domain, and those lacking a PTK domain. Nonetheless, PTK activity plays a fundamental role in the signal transduction processes lying downstream of both classes of receptor. It now seems likely that many of those cytokine receptors that lack their own PTK domain use members of the JAK family of PTKs to propagate their intracellular signals. Moreover, the involvement of the JAK kinases in (...)
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  2.  25
    Cytokines for psychologists: Implications of bidirectional immune-to-brain communication for understanding behavior, mood, and cognition.Steven F. Maier & Linda R. Watkins - 1998 - Psychological Review 105 (1):83-107.
  3.  32
    Invertebrate cytokines: The phylogenetic emergence of interleukin‐1.Gregory Beck, Robert F. O'Brien & Gail S. Habicht - 1989 - Bioessays 11 (2-3):62-67.
    Cytokines are polypeptides released by activated vertebrate blood cells which have profound effects on other blood cells and which have hormone‐like properties affecting other organ systems as well. In recent years a wide variety of these mediators has been isolated and characterized. Many of these molecules have subsequently been cloned and expressed in E. coli. The tremendous importance of these proteins to host immune and non‐specific defense systems along with the striking similarities of their properties among different species suggested to (...)
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  4.  25
    Cytokines: A cast of molecular characters in search of their roles. Cytokines in Cancer Therapy by Frances R. Balkwill. Oxford University Press, 1989. Pp. 297. £30. [REVIEW]Alan Morris - 1990 - Bioessays 12 (7):355-356.
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  5.  14
    Protein kinase cascades activated by stress and inflammatory cytokines.John M. Kyriakis & Joseph Avruch - 1996 - Bioessays 18 (7):567-577.
    Signal transduction pathways constructed around a core module of three consecutive protein kinases, the most distal being a member of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) family, are ubiquitous among eukaryotes. Recent work has defined two cascades activated preferentially by the inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐1‐β, as well as by a wide variety of cellular stresses such as UV and ionizing radiation, hyperosmolarity, heat stress, oxidative stress, etc. One pathway converges on the ERK subfamily known as the ‘stress activated’ protein kinases (...)
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  6.  3
    Comparison of Immunomodulatory Effects of Phyllanthus niruri L. and Toman Fish Albumin Formulations with Phyllanthus urinaria L. and Toman Fish Albumin through Anti-Hepatotoxic Cytokine Regulation Against Male Rattus norvegicus Experiencing CCl4 Toxicity.Tutut Puji Lestari, Mochamad Sasmito Djati & Muhaimin Rifa'I. - forthcoming - Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture:561-579.
    Impaired liver function can be seen from increased levels (SGOT-SGPT) due to proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, (iL-1) and (iL-6) which inhibit hormone production (PDGF) in the process of liver tissue regeneration. The formulation of Phyllanthus niruri L. and Phyllanthus urinaria L. combined with toman fish albumin is a combination that can work synergistically in suppressing the production of proinflammatory molecules, because the combination contains compounds that are antioxidants. A total of 24 male Rattus norvegicus were divided into four treatment groups, namely: (...)
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  7.  46
    Cytokines made simple, interleukins left complex. Interleukins: Molecular Biology and Immunology (1992). Edited by T. Kishimoto. S. Karger AG, Basel. xii+330 pp. Sw. Fr. 320/£139.20/$256.00. ISBN 3‐8055‐5440‐0. [REVIEW]A. G. Moris - 1993 - Bioessays 15 (2):147-148.
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  8.  10
    Nuclear targeting by growth factors, cytokines, and their receptors: a role in signaling?Torunn Elisabeth Tjelle, Torunn Løvdal & Trond Berg - 1998 - Bioessays 20 (5):400-411.
    The role of membrane receptors is regarded as being to transduce the signal represented by ligand binding from the external cell surface across the membrane into the cell. Signals are subsequently conveyed from the cytoplasm to the nucleus through a combination of second-messenger molecules, kinase/phosphorylation cascades, and transcription factor (TF) translocation to effect changes in gene expression. Mounting evidence suggests that through direct targeting to the nucleus, polypeptide ligands and their receptors may have an important additional signaling role. Ligands such (...)
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  9.  22
    The IRS‐signalling system during insulin and cytokine action.Lynne Yenush & Morris F. White - 1997 - Bioessays 19 (6):491-500.
    The discovery of the first intracellular substrate for insulin, IRS‐1, redirected the field of diabetes research and has led to many important advances in our understanding of insulin action. Detailed analysis of IRS‐1 demonstrates structure/function relationships for this modular docking molecule, including mechanisms of substrate recognition and signal propagation. Recent work has also identified other structurally similar molecules, including IRS‐2, the Drosophila protein, DOS, and the Grb2‐binding protein, Gab1, suggesting that this intracellular signalling strategy is conserved evolutionarily and is utilized (...)
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  10.  18
    Immunosuppressants: Tools to investigate the physiological role of cytokines.Valerie F. J. Quesniaux - 1993 - Bioessays 15 (11):731-739.
    The cyclic opeptide Cyclosporinee A (CsA) is best known as the immunosuppressive drug which has revoulutionized organ transplantation. It selectively suppresses T cell activation by blocking the transcription of cytokine genes such as IL‐2 at the level of transxcription factor modulation. The structurally unrelated immuniusuppressant FK 506 acts on the same pathway and blocks cytokine gene expression. In contrast, rapamycin, a structural analoguwe of FK 506, interferes with the immune response at a different level, by blocking the response (...)
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  11.  19
    Nuclear targeting by growth factors, cytokines, and their receptors: a role in signaling?David A. Jans & Ghali Hassan - 1998 - Bioessays 20 (5):400-411.
    The role of membrane receptors is regarded as being to transduce the signal represented by ligand binding from the external cell surface across the membrane into the cell. Signals are subsequently conveyed from the cytoplasm to the nucleus through a combination of second-messenger molecules, kinase/phosphorylation cascades, and transcription factor (TF) translocation to effect changes in gene expression. Mounting evidence suggests that through direct targeting to the nucleus, polypeptide ligands and their receptors may have an important additional signaling role. Ligands such (...)
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  12.  25
    Role of the interleukin 5 receptor system in hematopoiesis: Molecular basis for overlapping function of cytokines.Akira Tominaga, Satoshi Takaki, Yasumichi Hitoshi & Kiyoshi Takatsu - 1992 - Bioessays 14 (8):527-533.
    Interleukin 5 (IL‐5) is a kind of peptide hormone released from T lymphocytes of mammals infected with microorganisms or parasites. It is an acidic glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 40 to 50 kDa that consists of a homodimer of polypeptides. It controls hematopoiesis so that it increases natural immunity. In the mouse, IL‐5 acts on committed B cells to induce differentiation into Ig‐producing cells and on common progenitors for CD5+ pre‐B cells and CD5+ macrophages to support their survival. The (...)
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  13.  12
    Molecular networks. Cytokines(1990). By Anthony Meager. Open University Press: Milton Keynes. 291pp, £17.50. [REVIEW]Frances R. Balkwill - 1991 - Bioessays 13 (7):371-371.
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  14.  27
    Activation of transmembrane cell-surface receptors via a common mechanism? The “rotation model”.Ichiro N. Maruyama - 2015 - Bioessays 37 (9):959-967.
    It has long been thought that transmembrane cell‐surface receptors, such as receptor tyrosine kinases and cytokine receptors, among others, are activated by ligand binding through ligand‐induced dimerization of the receptors. However, there is growing evidence that prior to ligand binding, various transmembrane receptors have a preformed, yet inactive, dimeric structure on the cell surface. Various studies also demonstrate that during transmembrane signaling, ligand binding to the extracellular domain of receptor dimers induces a rotation of transmembrane domains, followed by rearrangement (...)
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  15.  14
    Interferon and myeloproliferative neoplasms: Evolving therapeutic approaches.Alok Swaroop, Diana Saleiro & Leonidas C. Platanias - 2023 - Bioessays 45 (3):2200203.
    Interferons (IFNs) are a diverse group of cytokines whose potent antitumor effects have piqued the interest of scientists for decades. Some of the most sustained clinical accomplishments have been in the field of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Here, we discuss how both historical and novel breakthroughs in our understanding of IFN function may lead to more effective therapies for MPNs. The particular relevance and importance of modulating the novel IFN‐regulated ULK1 pathway to optimize IFN responses is highlighted.
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  16. Oxidative stress and inflammation induced by environmental and psychological stressors: a biomarker perspective.Pietro Ghezzi, Luciano Floridi, Diana Boraschi, Antonio Cuadrado, Gina Manda, Snezana Levic, Fulvio D'Acquisito, Alice Hamilton, Toby J. Athersuch & Liza Selley - 2018 - Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 28 (9):852-872.
    The environment can elicit biological responses such as oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation as a consequence of chemical, physical, or psychological changes. As population studies are essential for establishing these environment-organism interactions, biomarkers of OS or inflammation are critical in formulating mechanistic hypotheses. By using examples of stress induced by various mechanisms, we focus on the biomarkers that have been used to assess OS and inflammation in these conditions. We discuss the difference between biomarkers that are the result of a (...)
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  17.  35
    The physiological role of hormones in saliva.Michael Gröschl - 2009 - Bioessays 31 (8):843-852.
    The assessment of hormones in saliva has gained wide acceptance in clinical endocrinology. To date, there is no hypothesis as to why some hormones can be found in saliva, while others cannot, and whether there is a physiological consequence of this fact. A number of carefully performed studies give examples of important physiological hormonal activity in saliva. Steroids, such as androgens, act as pheromones in olfactory communication of various mammalian species, such as facilitating mating behavior in swine or serving as (...)
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  18.  28
    Cell death suffers a TKO.Barbara A. Osborne & Lawrence M. Schwartz - 1995 - Bioessays 17 (6):557-559.
    The cytokine interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), initiates both cell cycle arrest and cell death in certain cell lines. Through a novel strategy of cell transfection with episomal vectors expressing antisense cDNAs, Deiss et al.(1.2) have demonstrated that it is possible to isolate genes that are required for the initiation of cell death by the cytokine IFN‐γ. This approach, referred to as TKO, for Technical Knock Out, has identified several genes whose activity appears to be essential for the induction of apoptosis (...)
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  19.  6
    The role of interleukin‐13 in infectious diseases and allergy.Frank Brombacher - 2000 - Bioessays 22 (7):646-656.
    Cytokines, also referred to as interleukins, are the major orchestrators of host defence processes, and, as such, are involved in insults, repair and restoration of tissue homeostasis. This review summarises recent findings on and emerging models of the biological roles of the double-edged sword interleukin-13 (IL-13), which have been principally obtained from studies in mice that are deficient for IL-13, or its components. IL-13-mediated functions not only contribute to the susceptible phenotype in Leishmania major infection but also seem to play (...)
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  20.  33
    An immune paradox: How can the same chemokine axis regulate both immune tolerance and activation?Iain Comerford, Mark Bunting, Kevin Fenix, Sarah Haylock-Jacobs, Wendel Litchfield, Yuka Harata-Lee, Michelle Turvey, Julie Brazzatti, Carly Gregor, Phillip Nguyen, Ervin Kara & Shaun R. McColl - 2010 - Bioessays 32 (12):1067-1076.
    Chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) drive and direct leukocyte traffic. New evidence suggests that the unusual CCR6/CCL20 chemokine receptor/ligand axis provides key homing signals for recently identified cells of the adaptive immune system, recruiting both pro‐inflammatory and suppressive T cell subsets. Thus CCR6 and CCL20 have been recently implicated in various human pathologies, particularly in autoimmune disease. These studies have revealed that targeting CCR6/CCL20 can enhance or inhibit autoimmune disease depending on the cellular basis of pathogenesis and the cell subtype most affected (...)
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  21.  23
    Regulation of the ras signalling network.Hiroshi Maruta & Antony W. Burgess - 1994 - Bioessays 16 (7):489-496.
    The mitogenic action of cytokines such as epidermal growth factor (EGF)d̊ or platelet dericed growth factor (PDGF) involves the stimulation of a signal cascade controlled by a small G protein called Ras. Mutations of Ras can cause its constitutive activation and, as a consequence, bypass the regulation of cell growth by cytokines. Both growth factor‐induced and oncogenic activation of Ras involve the conversion of Ras from the GDP‐bound (D‐Ras) to the GTP‐bound (T‐Ras) forms. T‐Ras activates a network of protein kinases (...)
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  22.  17
    Towards an integrated understanding of inflammatory pathway influence on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell differentiation.Michael Allara & Juliet R. Girard - 2024 - Bioessays 46 (4):2300142.
    Recent research highlights that inflammatory signaling pathways such as pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling and inflammatory cytokine signaling play an important role in both on‐demand hematopoiesis as well as steady‐state hematopoiesis. Knockout studies have demonstrated the necessity of several distinct pathways in these processes, but often lack information about the contribution of specific cell types to the phenotypes in question. Transplantation studies have increased the resolution to the level of specific cell types by testing the necessity of inflammatory pathways (...)
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  23.  24
    Signaling roles of platelets in skeletal muscle regeneration.Flavia A. Graca, Benjamin A. Minden-Birkenmaier, Anna Stephan, Fabio Demontis & Myriam Labelle - 2023 - Bioessays 45 (12):2300134.
    Platelets have important hemostatic functions in repairing blood vessels upon tissue injury. Cytokines, growth factors, and metabolites stored in platelet α‐granules and dense granules are released upon platelet activation and clotting. Emerging evidence indicates that such platelet‐derived signaling factors are instrumental in guiding tissue regeneration. Here, we discuss the important roles of platelet‐secreted signaling factors in skeletal muscle regeneration. Chemokines secreted by platelets in the early phase after injury are needed to recruit neutrophils to injured muscles, and impeding this early (...)
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  24.  35
    Missed Druggable Cancer Hallmark: Cancer–Stroma Symbiotic Crosstalk as Paradigm and Hypothesis for Cancer Therapy.Eugene Sverdlov - 2018 - Bioessays 40 (11):1800079.
    During tumor evolution, cancer cells use the tumor‐stroma crosstalk to reorganize the microenvironment for maximum robustness of the tumor. The success of immune checkpoint therapy foretells a new cancer therapy paradigm: an effective cancer treatment should not aim to influence the individual components of super complex intracellular interactomes (molecular targeting), but try to disrupt the intercellular interactions between cancer and stromal cells, thus breaking the tumor as a whole. Arguments are provided in favor of a hypothesis that such interactions include (...)
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  25.  19
    Why does COVID‐19 pathology have several clinical forms?Fatemeh Aliabadi, Marjan Ajami & Hamidreza Pazoki–Toroudi - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (12):2000198.
    The outbreak of a new, potentially fatal virus, SARS‐COV‐2, which started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and since developed into a pandemic has stimulated research for an effective treatment and vaccine. For this research to be successful, it is necessary to understand the pathology of the virus. So far, we know that this virus can harm different organs of the body. Although the exact mechanisms are still unknown, this phenomenon may result from the body's secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), (...)
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  26.  33
    Differentiation of endothelial cells: Analysis of the constitutive and activated endothelial cell phenotypes.Hellmut G. Augustin, Detlef H. Kozian & Robert C. Johnson - 1994 - Bioessays 16 (12):901-906.
    Endothelial cells line the inside of all blood vessels, forming a structurally and functionally heterogenous population of cells. Their complexity and diversity has long been recognized, yet very little is known about the molecules and regulatory mechanisms that mediate the heterogeneity of different endothelial cell populations. The constitutive organ‐ and microenvironment‐specific phenotype of endothelial cells controls internal body compartmentation, regulating the trafficking of circulating cells to distinct vascular beds. In contrast, surface molecules associated with the activated cytokine‐inducible endothelial phenotype (...)
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  27. The mind and the immune system.Rudy E. Ballieux - 1994 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 15 (4).
    Stress-induced brain-mediated immunoregulation is effected by two pathways: autonomic outflow and (neuro)endocrine outflow. Particular attention is given to the interaction-effects of chronic an acute stress. Recent data have established that cells of the immune system produce neuro-peptides and hormones. In concert with cytokines released by these immune cells the brain can be informed on the nature of ongoing immune activity. The significance of conditioning of immune responses is discussed.
     
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  28.  17
    The interleukin‐15/interleukin‐15 receptor system as a model for juxtacrine and reverse signaling.Silvia Bulfone-Paus, Elena Bulanova, Vadim Budagian & Ralf Paus - 2006 - Bioessays 28 (4):362-377.
    Interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) is a pleiotropic cytokine of the 4 α‐helix bundle family, which binds to a receptor complex that displays common elements with the IL‐2 receptor and a unique high‐affinity α chain. This review focuses on juxtacrine and reverse signaling levels in the IL‐15/IL‐15R system. Specifically, we discuss how agonistic stimulation of membrane‐bound IL‐15 induces phosphorylation of members of the MAP kinase family and of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), thereby upregulating processes including cytokine secretion, cell adhesion and migration. (...)
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  29.  22
    Molecular mechanisms of anti‐inflammatory action of glucocorticoids.Andrew C. B. Cato & Erik Wade - 1996 - Bioessays 18 (5):371-378.
    Glucocorticoid hormones are effective in controlling inflammation, but the mechanisms that confer this action are largely unknown. Recent advances in this field have shown that both positive and negative regulation of gene expression are necessary for this process. The genes whose activity are modulated in the anti‐inflammatory process code for several cytokines, adhesion molecules and enzymes. Most of them do not carry a classical binding site for regulation by a glucocorticoid receptor, but have instead regulatory sequences for transcription factors such (...)
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  30.  11
    Neuro-Immunity Controls Obesity-Induced Pain.Tuany Eichwald & Sebastien Talbot - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14:530365.
    The prevalence of obesity skyrocketed over the past decades to become a significant public health problem. Obesity is recognized as a low-grade inflammatory disease and is linked with several comorbidities such as diabetes, circulatory disease, common neurodegenerative diseases, as well as chronic pain. Adipocytes are a major neuroendocrine organ that continually, and systemically, releases pro-inflammatory factors. While the exact mechanisms driving obesity-induced pain remain poorly defined, nociceptors hypersensitivity may result from the systemic state of inflammation characteristic of obesity as well (...)
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  31.  18
    Antimicrobial peptide defense in Drosophila.Marie Meister, Bruno Lemaitre & Jules A. Hoffmann - 1997 - Bioessays 19 (11):1019-1026.
    Drosophila responds to a septic injury by the rapid synthesis of antimicrobial peptides. These molecules are predominantly produced by the fat body, a functional equivalent of mammalian liver, and are secreted into the hemolymph where their concentrations can reach up to 100 μM. Six distinct antibacterial peptides (plus isoforms) and one antifungal peptide have been characterized in Drosophila and their genes cloned. The induction of the gene encoding the antifungal peptide relies on the spätzle/Toll/cactus gene cassette, which is involved in (...)
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  32.  27
    Life After the Storm: Surviving COVID-19.Cheryl Misak - 2020 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 63 (3):494-501.
    Critical care medicine is suddenly, and unfortunately, in the news, with staggering numbers of COVID-19 patients requiring treatment in intensive care units around the world. Talk on the street, in those countries in which talk on the street is allowed, is of ventilators, ARDS, and cytokine storms—the overcharged immune response that itself is a killer. These technical terms are now in everyday use, and questions that have been restricted largely to critical care, infectious diseases, and public health specialists are (...)
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  33.  30
    Pegylated IL‐10 induces cancer immunity.John B. Mumm & Martin Oft - 2013 - Bioessays 35 (7):623-631.
    Recently, the development of several strategies based on immunotherapy has raised hopes for a more promising way to treat cancer patients. Here, we describe how interleukin (IL)‐10, a seemingly unlikely candidate, stimulates the immune system in a particularly efficacious way. IL‐10, an omnipotent anti‐inflammatory cytokine, delivers an equally potent immune stimulation in the context of CD8+ T cells and tumor immunity. By activation of tumor‐resident, tumor‐specific CD8+ T cells, pegylated IL‐10 can induce rejection of large and metastasizing tumors in (...)
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  34.  24
    The influence of anemia on the quality of life of patients with early stages of diabetic nephropathy.I. Y. Pchelin, A. N. Shishkin, O. N. Vasilkova, T. G. Kulibaba & N. V. Hudiakova - 2016 - Liberal Arts in Russia 5 (2):191.
    The concept of quality of life is the basis for a new paradigm of clinical medicine. Its assessment is considered to be an important instrument in determining disease severity and effectiveness of different treatment modalities. Our studies are devoted to the problem of diabetes complications especially anemia in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Anemia in subjects with diabetic nephropathy may result from various pathogenic factors including erythropoietin deficiency, iron deficiency, vitamin B12 and/or folate deficiencies, the effects of proinflammatory cytokines etc. (...)
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  35.  15
    Transcriptional regulation of lymphocyte lineage commitment.Ellen V. Rothenberg, Janice C. Telfer & Michele K. Anderson - 1999 - Bioessays 21 (9):726-742.
    The development of T cells and B cells from pluripotent hematopoietic precursors occurs through a stepwise narrowing of developmental potential that ends in lineage commitment. During this process, lineage-specific genes are activated asynchronously, and lineage-inappropriate genes, although initially expressed, are asynchronously turned off. These complex gene expression events are the outcome of the changes in expression of multiple transcription factors with partially overlapping roles in early lymphocyte and myeloid cell development. Key transcription factors promoting B-cell development and candidates for this (...)
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  36.  37
    Involvement of IL‐2 in homeostasis of regulatory T cells: the IL‐2 cycle.Shai Yarkoni, Ayelet Kaminitz, Yuval Sagiv, Isaac Yaniv & Nadir Askenasy - 2008 - Bioessays 30 (9):875-888.
    A large body of evidence on the activity of regulatory T (Treg) cells was gathered during the last decade, and a similar number of reviews and opinion papers attempted to integrate the experimental findings. The abundant literature clearly delineates an exciting area of research but also underlines some major controversies. A linear cause–result interpretation of experimental maneuvers often ignores the fact that the activity of Treg cells is orchestrated with the effector T (Teff) cells within an intricate network of physiological (...)
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  37.  40
    Yoga, Meditation and Mind-Body Health: Increased BDNF, Cortisol Awakening Response, and Altered Inflammatory Marker Expression after a 3-Month Yoga and Meditation Retreat.B. Rael Cahn, Matthew S. Goodman, Christine T. Peterson, Raj Maturi & Paul J. Mills - 2017 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 11:229690.
    Thirty-eight individuals (mean age: 34.8 years old) participating in a 3-month yoga and meditation retreat were assessed before and after the intervention for psychometric measures, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), circadian salivary cortisol levels, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Participation in the retreat was found to be associated with decreases in self-reported anxiety and depression as well as increases in mindfulness. As hypothesized, increases in the plasma levels of BDNF and increases in the magnitude of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) (...)
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  38.  13
    Chemokines: extracellular messengers for all occasions?Lisa M. Gale & Shaun R. McColl - 1999 - Bioessays 21 (1):17-28.
    Movement of leukocytes from peripheral blood into tissues, also called leukocyte extravasation, is absolutely essential for immunity in higher organisms. Over the past decade, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in white blood cell extravasation during both normal immune surveillance and the generation of protective immune responses has taken a great leap forward with the discovery of the chemokine gene superfamily. Chemokines are low-molecular-weight cytokines whose major collective biological activity appears to be that of chemotaxis of both specific and (...)
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  39.  33
    Regulation of hematopoietic niches by sympathetic innervation.Hector Leonardo Aguila - 2006 - Bioessays 28 (7):687-691.
    Once hematopoiesis is established in the bone marrow, a continuous egress of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to the periphery occurs at a low frequency. It has been proposed that this phenomenon is part of a regenerative homeostatic mechanism that ensures the maintenance of hematopoiesis through the life of the individual. The administration of certain cytotoxic drugs or cytokines can enhance the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors to the periphery. During the past 15 years, granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) has been used as (...)
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  40.  26
    BioEssays 12/2020.Fatemeh Aliabadi, Marjan Ajami & Hamidreza Pazoki–Toroudi - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (12):2070121.
    Graphical AbstractBy now it is well known that the SARS-COV-2 virus can affect and harm various organs of the body. However, the exact mechanisms for this phenomenon are still unknown. In article 2000198 Fatemeh Aliabadi et al. hypothesize that the body's secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a molecule that is involved in several inflammation and immunity pathways, may lead to a cytokine storm causing a variety of side effects.
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  41.  28
    Dynamic aspects of adhesion receptor function — integrins both twist and shout.Martin J. Humphries, A. Paul Mould & Danny S. Tuckwell - 1993 - Bioessays 15 (6):391-397.
    The recognition of extracellular molecules by cell surface receptors is the principal mechanism used by cells to sense their environment. Consequently, signals transduced as a result of these interactions make a major contribution to the regulation of cellular phenotype. Historically, particular emphasis has been placed on elucidating the intracellular consequences of growth factor and cytokine binding to cells. In addition to these interactions, however, cells are usually in intimate contact with a further source of complex structural and functional information, (...)
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  42. New Horizons in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: Cellular Senescence as a Therapeutic Target.Cécilia Légaré, J. Andrew Berglund, Elise Duchesne & Nicolas A. Dumont - forthcoming - Bioessays:e202400216.
    Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is considered a progeroid disease (i.e., causing premature aging). This hypervariable disease affects multiple systems, such as the musculoskeletal, central nervous, gastrointestinal, and others. Despite advances in understanding the underlying pathogenic mechanism of DM1, numerous gaps persist in our understanding, hindering elucidation of the heterogeneity and severity of its symptoms. Accumulating evidence indicates that the toxic intracellular RNA accumulation associated with DM1 triggers cellular senescence. These cells are in a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest (...)
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  43.  26
    TGF‐β Control of Adaptive Immune Tolerance: A Break From Treg Cells.Ming Liu & Shun Li - 2018 - Bioessays 40 (11):1800063.
    The vertebrate adaptive immune system has well defined functions in maintaining tolerance to self‐tissues. Suppression of autoreactive T cells is dependent on the regulatory cytokine transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and regulatory T (Treg) cells, a distinct T cell lineage specified by the transcription factor Foxp3. Although TGF‐β promotes thymic Treg (tTreg) cell development by repressing T cell clonal deletion and peripheral Treg cell differentiation by inducing Foxp3 expression, a recent study shows that TGF‐β suppresses autoreactive T cells independent of (...)
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  44.  28
    Leukocytes on the move with phosphoinositide 3-kinase and its downstream effectors.Erik Procko & Shaun R. McColl - 2005 - Bioessays 27 (2):153-163.
    Cell signalling mediators derived from membrane phospholipids are frequent participants in biological processes. The family of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol, generating second messengers that direct diverse responses. These PI3K products are fundamental for leukocyte migration or chemotaxis, a pivotal event during the immune response. This system is therefore of significant biomedical interest. This review focuses on the biochemistry and signalling pathways of PI3K, with particular emphasis on chemokine (chemotactic cytokine)-directed responses. The key objectives of chemotaxis (...)
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  45.  22
    Cellular loci involved in the development of brain arteriovenous malformations.Zahra Shabani, Joana Schuerger & Hua Su - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16:968369.
    Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are abnormal vessels that are prone to rupture, causing life-threatening intracranial bleeding. The mechanism of bAVM formation is poorly understood. Nevertheless, animal studies revealed that gene mutation in endothelial cells (ECs) and angiogenic stimulation are necessary for bAVM initiation. Evidence collected through analyzing bAVM specimens of human and mouse models indicate that cells other than ECs also are involved in bAVM pathogenesis. Both human and mouse bAVMs vessels showed lower mural cell-coverage, suggesting a role of pericytes (...)
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  46.  23
    Immunogenicity: Role of dendritic cells.Ralph Steinman & Kayo Inaba - 1989 - Bioessays 10 (5):145-152.
    In the development of the immune response, the dendritic cell subset of leukocytes plays a key role in enhancing immunogenicity. Dendritic cells can pick up antigens in the tissues and move to lymphoid organs, through which T cells continually recirculate. It is proposed that dendritic cells at these sites express functions which have beenidentified in tissue culture models. These involve efficient binding to antigen‐specific T lymphocytes, as well as the induction of the lymphokines and growth factor receptors required for immunity. (...)
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  47.  20
    Environmental factor reversibly determines cellular identity through opposing Integrators that unify epigenetic and transcriptional pathways.Hiroki Takahashi, Ryo Ito, Yoshihiro Matsumura & Juro Sakai - 2024 - Bioessays 46 (2):2300084.
    Organisms must adapt to environmental stresses to ensure their survival and prosperity. Different types of stresses, including thermal, mechanical, and hypoxic stresses, can alter the cellular state that accompanies changes in gene expression but not the cellular identity determined by a chromatin state that remains stable throughout life. Some tissues, such as adipose tissue, demonstrate remarkable plasticity and adaptability in response to environmental cues, enabling reversible cellular identity changes; however, the mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood. We hypothesized (...)
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  48.  36
    Polyps, peptides and patterning.Thomas C. G. Bosch & Toshitaka Fujisawa - 2001 - Bioessays 23 (5):420-427.
    Peptides serve as important signalling molecules in development and differentiation in the simple metazoan Hydra. A systematic approach (The Hydra Peptide Project) has revealed that Hydra contains several hundreds of peptide signalling molecules, some of which are neuropeptides and others emanate from epithelial cells. These peptides control biological processes as diverse as muscle contraction, neuron differentiation, and the positional value gradient. Signal peptides cause changes in cell behaviour by controlling target genes such as matrix metalloproteases. The abundance of peptides in (...)
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  49.  25
    Neuroinflammation, Pain and Depression: An Overview of the Main Findings.Ana Carolina Pinheiro Campos, Geiza Fernanda Antunes, Marcio Matsumoto, Rosana Lima Pagano & Raquel Chacon Ruiz Martinez - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11:538553.
    Chronic pain is a serious public health problem with a strong affective-motivational component that makes it difficult to treat. Most patients with chronic pain suffer from severe depression; hence, both conditions coexist and exacerbate one another. Brain inflammatory mediators are critical for maintaining depression-pain syndrome and could be substrates for it. The goal of our paper was to review clinical and preclinical findings to identify the neuroinflammatory profile associated with the cooccurrence of pain and depression. In addition, we aimed to (...)
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  50.  42
    Atherosclerosis and glycation.Camilo A. L. S. Colaco & Bruce J. Roser - 1994 - Bioessays 16 (2):145-147.
    Atherosclerosis is the major cause of death in the industrialised world. Though much work on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis points to 'oxidised' low density lipoprotein (LDL) as a key aetiological feature in the generation of the atherosclerotic plaque, the nature of this 'oxidised' LDL in vivo remains an enigma. We argue here that glycated LDL shows many of the characteristics attributed to 'oxidised LDL' and may be the source of the latter in vivo. These include the increased uptake and impaired (...)
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