Results for 'Markus Manojlović'

973 found
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  1.  7
    Marxovo naslijeđe: zbornik radova.Markus Manojlović (ed.) - 2008 - Banja Luka: Udruženje za filozofiju i društvenu misao.
  2. What do we want from Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)? – A stakeholder perspective on XAI and a conceptual model guiding interdisciplinary XAI research.Markus Langer, Daniel Oster, Timo Speith, Lena Kästner, Kevin Baum, Holger Hermanns, Eva Schmidt & Andreas Sesing - 2021 - Artificial Intelligence 296 (C):103473.
    Previous research in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) suggests that a main aim of explainability approaches is to satisfy specific interests, goals, expectations, needs, and demands regarding artificial systems (we call these “stakeholders' desiderata”) in a variety of contexts. However, the literature on XAI is vast, spreads out across multiple largely disconnected disciplines, and it often remains unclear how explainability approaches are supposed to achieve the goal of satisfying stakeholders' desiderata. This paper discusses the main classes of stakeholders calling for explainability (...)
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  3. Predicting the Past from Minimal Traces: Episodic Memory and its Distinction from Imagination and Preservation.Markus Werning - 2020 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 11 (2):301-333.
    The paper develops an account of minimal traces devoid of representational content and exploits an analogy to a predictive processing framework of perception. As perception can be regarded as a prediction of the present on the basis of sparse sensory inputs without any representational content, episodic memory can be conceived of as a “prediction of the past” on the basis of a minimal trace, i.e., an informationally sparse, merely causal link to a previous experience. The resulting notion of episodic memory (...)
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  4. Predicates of personal taste: empirical data.Markus Https://Orcidorg Kneer - 2021 - Synthese 199 (3-4):6455-6471.
    According to contextualism, the extension of claims of personal taste is dependent on the context of utterance. According to truth relativism, their extension depends on the context of assessment. On this view, when the taste preferences of a speaker change, so does the truth value of a previously uttered taste claim, and the speaker might be required to retract it. Both views make strong empirical assumptions, which are here put to the test in three experiments with over 740 participants. It (...)
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  5. Outcome Effects, Moral Luck and the Hindsight Bias.Markus Kneer & Iza Skoczeń - 2023 - Cognition 232.
    In a series of ten preregistered experiments (N=2043), we investigate the effect of outcome valence on judgments of probability, negligence, and culpability – a phenomenon sometimes labelled moral (and legal) luck. We found that harmful outcomes, when contrasted with neutral outcomes, lead to increased perceived probability of harm ex post, and consequently to increased attribution of negligence and culpability. Rather than simply postulating a hindsight bias (as is common), we employ a variety of empirical means to demonstrate that the outcome-driven (...)
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  6. Playing the Blame Game with Robots.Markus Kneer & Michael T. Stuart - 2021 - In Markus Kneer & Michael T. Stuart (eds.), Companion of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI’21 Companion). New York, NY, USA:
    Recent research shows – somewhat astonishingly – that people are willing to ascribe moral blame to AI-driven systems when they cause harm [1]–[4]. In this paper, we explore the moral- psychological underpinnings of these findings. Our hypothesis was that the reason why people ascribe moral blame to AI systems is that they consider them capable of entertaining inculpating mental states (what is called mens rea in the law). To explore this hypothesis, we created a scenario in which an AI system (...)
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  7. Objectivity in Mathematics, Without Mathematical Objects†.Markus Pantsar - 2021 - Philosophia Mathematica 29 (3):318-352.
    I identify two reasons for believing in the objectivity of mathematical knowledge: apparent objectivity and applications in science. Focusing on arithmetic, I analyze platonism and cognitive nativism in terms of explaining these two reasons. After establishing that both theories run into difficulties, I present an alternative epistemological account that combines the theoretical frameworks of enculturation and cumulative cultural evolution. I show that this account can explain why arithmetical knowledge appears to be objective and has scientific applications. Finally, I will argue (...)
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  8. Descriptive Complexity, Computational Tractability, and the Logical and Cognitive Foundations of Mathematics.Markus Pantsar - 2021 - Minds and Machines 31 (1):75-98.
    In computational complexity theory, decision problems are divided into complexity classes based on the amount of computational resources it takes for algorithms to solve them. In theoretical computer science, it is commonly accepted that only functions for solving problems in the complexity class P, solvable by a deterministic Turing machine in polynomial time, are considered to be tractable. In cognitive science and philosophy, this tractability result has been used to argue that only functions in P can feasibly work as computational (...)
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  9. Can a robot lie?Markus Kneer - manuscript
    The potential capacity for robots to deceive has received considerable attention recently. Many papers focus on the technical possibility for a robot to engage in deception for beneficial purposes (e.g. in education or health). In this short experimental paper, I focus on a more paradigmatic case: Robot lying (lying being the textbook example of deception) for nonbeneficial purposes as judged from the human point of view. More precisely, I present an empirical experiment with 399 participants which explores the following three (...)
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  10. Some critical reflections on the hiddenness argument.Imran Aijaz & Markus Weidler - 2007 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 61 (1):1 - 23.
    J.L. Schellenberg’s Argument from Divine Hiddenness maintains that if a perfectly loving God exists, then there is no non-resistant non-belief. Given that such nonbelief exists, however, it follows that there is no perfectly loving God. To support the conditional claim, Schellenberg presents conceptual and analogical considerations, which we subject to critical scrutiny. We also evaluate Schellenberg’s claim that the belief that God exists is logically necessary for entering into a relationship with the Divine. Finally, we turn to possible variants of (...)
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  11.  40
    Meaning in Life oder: Die Debatte um das sinnvolle Leben – Überblick über ein neues Forschungsthema in der analytischen Ethik. Teil 1: Grundlagen.Markus Rüther - 2021 - Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 75 (1):115-155.
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  12. The Powerlessness of Necessity.Markus Schrenk - 2010 - Noûs 44 (4):725-739.
    This paper concerns anti-Humean intuitions about connections in nature. It argues for the existence of a de re link that is not necessity.Some anti-Humeans tacitly assume that metaphysical necessity can be used for all sorts of anti-Humean desires. Metaphysical necessity is thought to stick together whatever would be loose and separate in a Hume world, as if it were a kind of universal superglue.I argue that this is not feasible. Metaphysical necessity might connect synchronically co-existent properties—kinds and their essential features, (...)
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  13.  12
    Frege und Husserl über Urteilen und Denken.Markus S. Stepanians - 1998 - Paderborn: Schöningh.
  14. Better Best Systems and the Issue of CP-Laws.Markus Schrenk - 2014 - Erkenntnis 79 (S10):1787-1799.
    This paper combines two ideas: (1) That the Lewisian best system analysis of lawhood (BSA) can cope with laws that have exceptions (cf. Braddon-Mitchell in Noûs 35(2):260–277, 2001; Schrenk in The metaphysics of ceteris paribus laws. Ontos, Frankfurt, 2007). (2) That a BSA can be executed not only on the mosaic of perfectly natural properties but also on any set of special science properties (cf., inter alia, Schrenk 2007, Selected papers contributed to the sections of GAP.6, 6th international congress of (...)
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  15. The Modal Status of Contextually A Priori Arithmetical Truths.Markus Pantsar - 2016 - In Francesca Boccuni & Andrea Sereni (eds.), Objectivity, Realism, and Proof. FilMat Studies in the Philosophy of Mathematics. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
    In Pantsar, an outline for an empirically feasible epistemological theory of arithmetic is presented. According to that theory, arithmetical knowledge is based on biological primitives but in the resulting empirical context develops an essentially a priori character. Such contextual a priori theory of arithmetical knowledge can explain two of the three characteristics that are usually associated with mathematical knowledge: that it appears to be a priori and objective. In this paper it is argued that it can also explain the third (...)
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  16.  28
    Handling and measuring inconsistency in non-monotonic logics.Markus Ulbricht, Matthias Thimm & Gerhard Brewka - 2020 - Artificial Intelligence 286 (C):103344.
  17.  33
    Extraordinary partisanship in the European Union: Constituent power and the problem of political agency.Markus Patberg - 2020 - Constellations 27 (1):143-157.
  18. Agency, ownership, and the standard theory.Markus E. Schlosser - 2010 - In Jesús H. Aguilar, Andrei A. Buckareff & Keith Frankish (eds.), New waves in philosophy of action. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan. pp. 13-31.
    The causal theory of action has been the standard view in the philosophy of action and mind. In this chapter, I will present responses to two challenges to the theory. The first says, basically, that there is no positive argument in favour of the causal theory, as the only reason that supports it consists in the apparent lack of tenable alternatives. The second challenge says that the theory fails to capture the phenomenon of agency, as it reduces activity to mere (...)
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  19. The iCalf, relationality, and the extended body : evaluations of different notions of post/transhumanism.Markus Mühling - 2022 - In Arvin M. Gouw, Brian Patrick Green & Ted Peters (eds.), Religious Transhumanism and Its Critics. Lanham: Lexington Books.
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  20. Spontaneity and Contingency: Kant’s Two Models of Rational Self-Determination.Markus Kohl - 2020 - In Manja Kisner & Jörg Noller (eds.), The Concept of Will in Classical German Philosophy: Between Ethics, Politics, and Metaphysics. Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 29-48.
    I argue that Kant acknowledges two models of spontaneous self-determination that rational beings are capable of. The first model involves absolute unconditional necessity and excludes any form of contingency. The second model involves (albeit not as a matter of definition) a form of contingency which entails alternative possibilities for determining oneself. The first model would be exhibited by a divine being; the second model is exhibited by human beings. Human beings do, however, partake in the divine model up to an (...)
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  21.  14
    Expectable Outcome Deontology – A New Theory of Life’s Meaning.Markus Rüther - forthcoming - Journal of Value Inquiry:1-29.
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  22.  49
    Why Care About Sustainable AI? Some Thoughts From The Debate on Meaning in Life.Markus Rüther - 2024 - Philosophy and Technology 37 (1):1-19.
    The focus of AI ethics has recently shifted towards the question of whether and how the use of AI technologies can promote sustainability. This new research question involves discerning the sustainability of AI itself and evaluating AI as a tool to achieve sustainable objectives. This article aims to examine the justifications that one might employ to advocate for promoting sustainable AI. Specifically, it concentrates on a dimension of often disregarded reasons — reasons of “meaning” or “meaningfulness” — as discussed more (...)
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  23.  84
    Transcendental Ontology and Apperceptive Idealism.Markus Gabriel - 2018 - Australasian Philosophical Review 2 (4):383-392.
    Whilst agreeing with Robert Pippin that Hegel undertakes his philosophical enterprise in light of Kant's insights into the failings of pre-critical metaphysics, this paper outlines the shortcomings of Pippin's Hegel interpretation by contrasting what I call 'apperceptive idealism' on the one hand with 'transcendental ontology' on the other. By privileging subject over substance, Pippin commits Hegel to an ontologically modest form of Kantianism that, in missing how reality as a whole is the main topic of Hegel’s philosophy, leaves no room (...)
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  24. Die Erfahrung der Widerständigkeit der Welt als Wahrnehmung kausaler Kraft.Markus Schrenk - 2013 - In Anne Sophie Spann & Daniel Wehinger (eds.), Vermögen und Handlung: Der dispositionale Realismus und unser Selbstverständnis als Handelnde. Münster: Mentis Verlag. pp. 23-62.
    Hume glaubte, die Kausalverknüpfung sei eine „secret connection“, also eine Verknüpfung, die mindestens unerkennbar, wenn nicht sogar inexis- tent ist. Einige moderne Gegner Humes halten dem entgegen, dass apos- teriorisch entdeckte, metaphysische Notwendigkeit, wie wir sie bei- spielsweise von Kripke und Putnam kennen, diejenige objektiv-reale Verknüpfung in der Welt ist, die auch die Rolle einer kausalen Verknüp- fung in der Welt spielen kann. Ich hinterfrage diese anti-Hume’sche Identifizierung kausaler mit me- taphysischer Notwendigkeit, zeige aber auch einen anderen Weg auf, kausale (...)
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  25.  18
    DEED: DEep Evidential Doctor.Awais Ashfaq, Markus Lingman, Murat Sensoy & Sławomir Nowaczyk - 2023 - Artificial Intelligence 325 (C):104019.
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  26.  44
    Promoting Curiosity?Markus Lindholm - 2018 - Science & Education 27 (9-10):987-1002.
    Curiosity is a wonder of the human mind. It goes to the heart of modernity, as a driving force for learning, novel insights, and innovation, both for individuals and communities. In societies dependent on science and development, finding out what promotes or hampers curiosity and wonder in school curricula and science education is accordingly essential. In this conceptual article, I suggest a framework for curiosity-based science education and I explore options for its wellbeing and development during preschool, preadolescence, and adolescence. (...)
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  27.  43
    Republicanism, EU democracy and differentiated (dis-)integration.Markus Patberg - 2020 - European Journal of Political Theory 21 (1):178-186.
    European Journal of Political Theory, Volume 21, Issue 1, Page 178-186, January 2022. Few debates in political theory are challenged as much by the constant change of their empirical subject as those about democracy in the European Union. With A Republican Europe of States, Richard Bellamy responds to the EU’s post-Lisbon era, which has been characterized by the euro crisis, conflicts over migration, the rise of Euroscepticism and Brexit. Keeping an eye on these contextual conditions and the related legal and (...)
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  28.  21
    Patterns of eye blinks are modulated by auditory input in humans.Stefan E. Huber, Markus Martini & Pierre Sachse - 2022 - Cognition 221:104982.
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  29. Why Behaviorism and Anti-Representationalism Are Untenable.Markus E. Schlosser - 2020 - Journal of Mind and Behavior 41:277–292.
    It is widely thought that philosophical behaviorism is an untenable and outdated theory of mind. It is generally agreed, in particular, that the view generates a vicious circularity problem. There is a standard solution to this problem for functionalism, which utilizes the formulation of Ramsey sentences. I will show that this solution is also available for behaviorism if we allow quantification over the causal bases of behavioral dispositions. Then I will suggest that behaviorism differs from functionalism mainly in its commitment (...)
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  30.  22
    Public Health and Political Corporate Social Responsibility: Pharmaceutical Company Engagement in COVAX.Markus Scholz, N. Craig Smith, Maria Riegler & Anna Burton - 2024 - Business and Society 63 (4):813-850.
    Pharmaceutical companies developed Covid-19 vaccines in record time. However, it soon became apparent that global access to the vaccines was inequitable. Through a qualitative inquiry as the pandemic unfolded (to mid-2021), we provide an in-depth analysis of why companies engaged with the Covid-19 Vaccines Global Access Facility (COVAX), identifying the internal (to the company) and external factors that facilitated or impeded engagement. While all producers of the World Health Organization (WHO)-approved vaccines engaged with COVAX, our analysis highlights the differential levels (...)
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  31. We Can't Know.Markus Lammenranta - 2020 - In Steven B. Cowan (ed.), Problems in Epistemology and Metaphysics: An Introduction to Contemporary Debates. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 38-51.
    The paper defends Cartesian skepticism by an argument relying on internalism and infallibilism. It argues that this sort of skepticism gives the best explanation of our intuitions and ordinary epistemic practices.
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  32. Praxis und Idee im Widerstreit. Naturalismus, Konstruktivismus und Dekonstruktivismus in der Philosophie der Menschenrechte.Markus Wolf - 2019 - In Peter Wiersbinski, Martin Weichold, Jan Marschelke, Falk Hamann, Matthias Kopp & Dennis-Kenji Kipker (eds.), Der normative Druck des Faktischen (Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie (ARSP): Beihefte; Neue Folge, 156). pp. S. 229 - 245.
    Sind die Menschenrechte primär Ausdruck einer politischen Praxis und die Idee der Menschenrechte eine Art „Überbau“, den die Praxis epiphänomenal hervorbringt? Oder ist die Praxis der Menschenrechte das Ergebnis der Verwirklichung einer normativen Idee, die unabhängig von ihr existiert? Ist die Idee der Menschenrechte die Bedingung dafür, dass es die Praxis der Menschenrechte geben kann? Oder gibt es einen Vorrang der Praxis vor der Idee? In meinem Aufsatz argumentiere ich für zwei These: 1. These: Menschenrechte sind prinzipiell unabhängig von jeder (...)
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  33.  34
    Digitally fabricated aesthetic enhancements and enrichments.Margarita Benitez & Markus Vogl - 2021 - AI and Society 36 (4):1343-1348.
    In this paper, we explore digitally fabricated aesthetic enhancements and modifications of the body as well as digitally fabricated fauna habitats. We will address how we utilize speculative works through our bio inspired digitally fabricated designs via two of our most recent projects: {skin} D.E.E.P. and in silico et in situ. Through these two projects we explore cultural implications of the intersection of technology and biologically inspired art/design. Technology has provided an ever increasing amount of data which has facilitated the (...)
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  34.  6
    Kompetenzorientierte Menschenrechtsbildung.Armin Scherb & Markus Gloe - 2018 - Polis 22 (3):15-18.
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  35.  11
    Erziehung als Entwicklungshelfer der Moralität. Zur Bedeutung von Kants Moralphilosophie, Anthropologie und Geschichtsphilosophie für seine Theorie der Erziehung.Markus Riefling - 2014 - Kant Studien 105 (3).
    Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 105 Heft: 3 Seiten: 406-417.
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  36.  72
    Human Enhancement: Deontological Arguments.Markus Rüther & Jan-Hendrik Heinrichs - 2019 - Zeitschrift Für Ethik Und Moralphilosophie 2 (2):161-178.
    This is the second paper in a three-part series on the state of the enhancement debate. We report current trends and give an overview of established positions in the field of neuroenhancement. Unlike a number of articles on the bioethics of enhancement, we try to highlight connections between the contemporary debate and established positions in philosophical ethics. This specific perspective inspired the breakdown of our three-part series into consequentialist, deontological and virtue-ethical arguments.
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  37.  7
    Selbstverhältnis im Weltbezug.Claudia Bickmann, Markus Wirtz & Viktoria Burkert (eds.) - 2010 - Nordhausen: Bautz.
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  38.  11
    Bildung als Mittel und Selbstzweck: korrektive Erinnerung wider die Verengung des Bildungsbegriffs.Axel Hutter & Markus Kartheininger (eds.) - 2009 - Freiburg: Alber.
  39.  6
    Was heisst und zu welchem Ende studieren wir Naturrecht?: eine Neubestimmung - mit einem Blick auf China.Markus Porsche-Ludwig - 2008 - Berlin: Lit.
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  40. Justification: Pauline Texts Interpreted in the Light of the Old and New Testaments.Markus Barth & A. M. Woodruff - 1971
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  41. Gerechtigkeit als Dekonstruktion. Zur kulturellen Form von Recht und Demokratie nach Jacques Derrida.Markus Wolf - 2019 - Konstanz: Konstanz University Press.
    Is justice (merely) an expression of particular values or is it to be understood as a (universal) cross-cultural standard of validity? Following the ideas of Jacques Derrida, this book provides a new answer to this question: Justice is to be explained as a process of deconstruction. To arrive at this conclusion, I proceed from a critical discussion of Martin Heidegger's approach to social philosophy in Being and Time which I connect with a detailed analysis of the implications of Derrida's writings (...)
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  42. Explicating the epistemological role of simulation in the development of theories of cognition.Matthias Scheutz & Markus F. Peschl - 2001 - In Matthias Scheutz & Markus F. Peschl (eds.), Proceedings of the 7th International Colloquium on Cognitive.
     
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  43.  42
    Constructivism, cognition, and science – an investigation of its links and possible shortcomings.Markus F. Peschl - 2001 - Foundations of Science 6 (1-3):125-161.
    This paper addresses the questions concerningthe relationship between scientific andcognitive processes. The fact that both,science and cognition, aim at acquiring somekind of knowledge or representationabout the world is the key for establishing alink between these two domains. It turns outthat the constructivist frameworkrepresents an adequate epistemologicalfoundation for this undertaking, as its focusof interest is on the (constructive)relationship between the world and itsrepresentation. More specifically, it will beshown how cognitive processes and their primaryconcern to construct a representation of theenvironment and to (...)
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  44. Knapsack and subset sum problems in nilpoint, polycyclic, and co-context-free groups.Daniel König, Markus Lohrey & George Zetzsche - 2016 - In Delaram Kahrobaei, Bren Cavallo & David Garber (eds.), Algebra and computer science. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society.
     
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  45.  7
    Newly discovered harvestmen relict eyes eyeing for their functions.Markus Friedrich - 2025 - Bioessays 47 (2):2400194.
    Most chelicerates operate the world with two kinds of visual organs, the median and lateral eyes of the arthropod ground plan. In harvestmen (Opiliones), however, members of the small and withdrawn suborder Cyphophthalmi lack eyes except for two genera with lateral eyes. In the other suborders (Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, and Laniatores), lateral eyes are absent but median eyes pronounced. To resolve the phylogenetic history of these contrasting trait states and the taxonomic position of a four‐eyed harvestmen fossil, visual system development was (...)
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  46.  45
    Exploring University Instructors’ Achievement Goals and Discrete Emotions.Raven Rinas, Markus Dresel, Julia Hein, Stefan Janke, Oliver Dickhäuser & Martin Daumiller - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11:530094.
    Emerging empirical evidence indicates that discrete emotions are associated with teaching practices and professional experiences of university instructors. However, further investigations are necessary given that university instructors often face high job demands and compromised well-being. Achievement goals, which frame achievement-related thoughts and actions, have been found to describe motivational differences in university instructors and are hypothesized to be associated with their discrete emotions. Moreover, as variation exists in how university instructors respond to job demands regarding their emotional experiences, certain goals (...)
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  47. The Unity of Buddhism and Vedānta: Enlightenment as the Realization of Pure Consciousness.Markus E. Schlosser - manuscript
    Buddhism and Hinduism appear to be separated by irreconcilable differences. I argue that this apparent gulf can be overcome. The argument has three main parts. First, I argue that the Buddhist doctrine of dependent arising is not a metaphysical principle of real causation, but a principle of fabrication. Second, I argue that this interpretation of dependent arising enables a unification of the main schools of Buddhism. Third, I argue that Buddhism can be unified fully with Advaita Vedānta, the most important (...)
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  48.  20
    Moral Behavior.Monika Betzler & Markus Paulus - unknown
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  49. Fragmented reindeer of Stállo Foundations : a multi-isotopic approach to fragmented reindeer skeletal remains from Adámvallda in Swedish Sápmi.Markus Fjellström - 2024 - In Anna Sörman, Astrid A. Noterman & Markus Fjellström (eds.), Broken bodies, places and objects: new perspectives on fragmentation in archaeology. New York, NY: Routledge.
     
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  50.  9
    Musikalische Analyse Und Kritische Theorie: Zu Adornos Philosophie der Musik.Adolf Nowak & Markus Fahlbusch (eds.) - 2007 - Hans Schneider.
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