Results for ' criminal fine'

934 found
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  1. Mental impairment, moral understanding and criminal responsibility: Psychopathy and the purposes of punishment.Cordelia Fine & Jeanette Kennett - 2004 - International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 27 (5):425-443.
    We have argued here that to attribute criminal responsibility to psychopathic individuals is to ignore substantial and growing evidence that psychopathic individuals are significantly impaired in moral understanding. They do not appear to know why moral transgressions are wrong in the full sense required by the law. As morally blameless offenders, punishment as a basis for detention cannot be justified. Moreover, as there are currently no successful treatment programs for psychopathy, nor can detention be justified on grounds of treatment. (...)
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  2.  68
    Dehumanising the dehumanisers: reversal in human rights discourse.Robert Fine - 2010 - Journal of Global Ethics 6 (2):179-190.
    If the legitimacy of international humanitarian and human rights law lies, in part at least, in its capacity to confront dehumanising actions in the modern world, we may speak of the limits of this achievement. It is well known that people who commit genocide or crimes against humanity typically dehumanise those against whom their crimes are committed and that the humanitarian and human rights dimensions of international law were developed in response to the radicalisation of this phenomenon. The expanded scope (...)
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  3.  31
    What’s Really Wrong with Fining Crimes? On the Hard Treatment of Criminal Monetary Fines.Ivó Coca-Vila - 2022 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 16 (2):395-415.
    Among the advocates of expressive theories of punishment, there is a strong consensus that monetary fines cannot convey the message of censure that is required to punish serious crimes or crimes against the person. Money is considered an inappropriate symbol to express condemnation. In this article, I argue that this sentiment is correct, although not for the reasons suggested by advocates of expressivism. The monetary day-fine should not be understood as a simple deprivation of money, but as a punishment (...)
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  4.  6
    Los fines del derecho penal: liberalismo y comunitarismo en la justificación de la pena.Rafael Alcácer Guirao - 2001 - Buenos Aires: Adhoc.
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  5.  17
    "Criminal", "abnormal" and "dangerous": conceptual bases for the clinic intervention of the criminality in José Ingenieros.María Carla Galfione - 2013 - Estudios de Filosofía Práctica E Historia de Las Ideas 15 (2):9-21.
    Hacia fines del siglo XIX y principio del XX se desarrolla en la Argentina un importante debate en torno al derecho penal, en el que muchos intelectuales, formados bajo la influencia del biologicismo darwiniano, intervienen para cuestionar el Código Penal, vigente desde 1887. En nuestro trabajo analizamos los desarrollos de José Ingenieros sobre el tema, profundizando el estudio de los conceptos que propone y atendiendo a la transformación radical que éstos implican en lo que hace a la comprensión del derecho, (...)
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  6.  75
    How to Advance the Debate on the Criminal Responsibility of Antisocial Offenders.Marko Jurjako, Luca Malatesti & Inti A. Brazil - 2024 - Neuroethics 17 (1):1-17.
    Should offenders with psychopathy or those exhibiting extreme forms of antisocial behav- iour be considered criminally responsible? The current debate seems to have reached a stalemate. Several scholars have argued that neuropsychologi- cal data on individuals with psychopathy might be relevant for determining their criminal responsibil- ity. However, relying on such data has not produced a consensus among legal scholars and philosophers on whether individuals with psychopathy should be excused from responsibility. We offer a diagnosis about why this debate (...)
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  7.  33
    Trust, Business Ethics and Crime Prevention – Corporate Criminal Liability in Finland.Matti Tolvanen - 2009 - Jurisprudencija: Mokslo darbu žurnalas 115 (1):335-358.
    According to the Finnish Penal Code a corporation may be sentenced to a corporate fine if a person who is part of its statutory organ or other management or who exercises actual decision-making authority therein 1) has been an accomplice in an offence or allowed the commission of the offence, or 2) if the care and diligence necessary for the prevention of the offence has not been observed in the operations of the corporation. Criminal liability of legal persons (...)
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  8.  7
    Los fines del derecho penal: liberalismo y comunitarismo en la justificación de la pena.Rafael Alcácer Guirao - 2001 - Buenos Aires: Ad-Hoc.
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  9.  17
    The Casuistry of International Criminal Law: Exploring A New Field of Research.Marjolein Cupido - 2015 - Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy 44 (2):116-132.
    The Casuistry of International Criminal Law: Exploring A New Field of Research International criminal courts have made an important contribution to the development of international criminal law. Through case law, the courts have fine-tuned and modernized outdated concepts of international crimes and liability theories. In studying this practice, scholars have so far focused on the judicial interpretation of statutory and customary rules, thereby paying little attention to the rules’ application in individual cases. In this article, I (...)
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  10.  92
    The measuring rod of time: The example of swedish day-fines.Lina Eriksson & Robert E. Goodin - 2007 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 24 (2):125–136.
    abstract ‘Time is money’, Benjamin Franklin's ‘Poor Richard’ tells us. But instead of converting time expenditures into monetary equivalents, it makes more sense in many cases to convert money into temporal equivalents. The difficulty in putting a monetary value on time in unpaid household labour, when adjusting the National Accounts, points to the problems of the first approach. The advantages of the latter approach are illustrated by the Swedish system of specifying criminal fines in terms of the number of (...)
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  11.  33
    Corporate control through the criminal system — An alternative proposal.Paul Lansing & Donald Hatfield - 1985 - Journal of Business Ethics 4 (5):409-414.
    Corporate violations of the law are occurring with increasing frequency and with increasing public attention. Solutions to date have proved ineffectual because of the problem of determining whom is to be punished for the offense of the corporation. Instead of individual jail terms or corporate fines, we propose that the dissolution of the corporation be considered as a more effectual means of conforming corporate behavior to the norms of the legal system.
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  12.  30
    Detecting racial inequalities in criminal justice: towards an equitable deep learning approach for generating and interpreting racial categories using mugshots.Rahul Kumar Dass, Nick Petersen, Marisa Omori, Tamara Rice Lave & Ubbo Visser - 2023 - AI and Society 38 (2):897-918.
    Recent events have highlighted large-scale systemic racial disparities in U.S. criminal justice based on race and other demographic characteristics. Although criminological datasets are used to study and document the extent of such disparities, they often lack key information, including arrestees’ racial identification. As AI technologies are increasingly used by criminal justice agencies to make predictions about outcomes in bail, policing, and other decision-making, a growing literature suggests that the current implementation of these systems may perpetuate racial inequalities. In (...)
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  13.  18
    Discontinuities in Criminal Law.Avlana K. Eisenberg - 2021 - Theoretical Inquiries in Law 22 (1):137-157.
    The law values fairness, proportionality, and predictability. Accordingly, in the context of criminal law, punishments should be carefully calibrated to reflect the harm caused by an offense and the culpability of the offender. Yet, while this would suggest the dominance of “smooth” input/output relationships—for example, such that a minuscule increase in culpability would result in a correspondingly small increase in punishment—in fact, the law is laden with “bumpy” input/output relationships. Indeed, a minuscule change in input (be it of harm, (...)
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  14.  42
    Approaching or Re-thinking the Realm of Criminal Law?Nicola Lacey - 2020 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 14 (3):307-318.
    In his latest monograph, The Realm of Criminal Law, Antony Duff gives us a further, magisterial statement of the vision of criminal law, its procedural framework, and its sanctioning system, which he has been developing over the past 35 years. This is Duff’s own book-length contribution to the tremendously fruitful collaborative Criminalization project. That project has already generated four edited volumes and two fine monographs by Farmer and Tadros. It will shape the field for decades to come; (...)
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  15.  61
    The Limitations and Potential of Neuroimaging in the Criminal Law.Walter Glannon - 2014 - The Journal of Ethics 18 (2):153-170.
    Neuroimaging showing brain abnormalities is increasingly being introduced in criminal court proceedings to argue that a defendant could not control his behavior and should not be held responsible for it. But imaging has questionable probative value because it does not directly capture brain function or a defendant’s mental states at the time of a criminal act. Advanced techniques could transform imaging from a coarse-grained measure of correlations between brain states and behavior to a fine-grained measure of causal (...)
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  16.  16
    From Magna Carta To The Contemporary System Of Financial Penalties In The Criminal Law.Aleksandra Deanoska – Trendafilova - 2015 - Seeu Review 11 (1):40-47.
    Magna Carta Libertatum or the Great Charter of the Liberties is a historical document of great significance for the constitutional history and human rights and liberties development. Although at its initial version it addressed a limited number of liberties and principles, it represented a solid foundation for the evolution of the principles of the rule of law, right to justice, right to a fair trial, just and reasonable sentencing, limitation of powers, etc. Namely, article 20 of the Charter states: A (...)
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  17. Conscience (rule) utilitarianism and the criminal law.R. B. Brandt - 1995 - Law and Philosophy 14 (1):65 - 89.
    A rule- utilitarian appraisal of criminal law requires that the total system, including punishments, is justified only if it will expectably maximize public benefit, including its stigmatizing some behaviors as "offenses" and its prescribed punishment of these, such as imprisonment, with (possible) deterrent effects. In view of the paucity of evidence about the deterrent effect of prison sentences, some changes seem to be in order: reduction in the length of incarceration, replacement of prison by fines or restrictions on the (...)
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  18.  86
    Respect for Persons and the Harsh Punishment of Criminals.Stephen Kershnar - 2004 - International Journal of Applied Philosophy 18 (1):103-121.
    In this paper, I explore whether harsh treatment fails to respect the criminal as a person. I focus on the most extreme treatment because if such treatment can satisfy the duty to respect a criminal as a person then less extreme cases (e.g., incarceration, fines, shaming practices) can also do so. I begin by filling out the notion of a duty to respect a person. Here I set out an account of autonomy and then show that it grounds (...)
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  19. Objection, your honor!: an LLM-driven approach for generating Korean criminal case counterarguments.Sungmi Park, Ari Choi & Roseop Park - forthcoming - Artificial Intelligence and Law:1-47.
    This study explores the integration of advanced language models (LLMs) with legal argumentation processes, aiming to address a question posed by Walton in 2004: the potential of argumentation methods to identify the best arguments for supporting or refuting a claim. By leveraging the capabilities of LLMs, we demonstrate the practical application of argumentation generation methods in the legal domain, marking a shift from traditional retrieval-focused tasks to generation-focused endeavors. Our methodology diverges from existing literature by emphasizing the development of defeasible (...)
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  20.  35
    Czy dopuszczamy karę w zastępstwie za winowajcę? (przeł. Joanna Klara Teske).David Lewis & Joanna Klara Teske - 2021 - Roczniki Filozoficzne 69 (4):497-505.
    The David Lewis’s article concerns the issue of penal substitution in the dual context of the contemporary system of criminal law, in which punishment does not perform a compensatory function, and in the context of the Christian interpretation of Christ’s death as Atonement. It may seem that we do not believe in penal substitution, but in fact we do believe in it selectively. There are Christians who believe that Christ’s death is a payment of the debt of punishment owed (...)
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  21. The Philosophy of Legal Proof.Lewis Ross - 2024 - Cambridge University Press.
    Criminal courts make decisions that can remove the liberty and even life of those accused. Civil trials can cause the bankruptcy of companies employing thousands of people, asylum seekers being deported, or children being placed into state care. Selecting the right standards when deciding legal cases is of utmost importance in giving those affected a fair deal. This Element is an introduction to the philosophy of legal proof. It is organised around five questions. First, it introduces the standards of (...)
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  22.  38
    Deferred Prosecution Agreements and the Presumption of Innocence.Roger A. Shiner & Henry Ho - 2018 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 12 (4):707-723.
    A deferred prosecution agreement, or DPA, allows a corporation, instead of proceeding to trial on a criminal charge, to settle matters with the state by acknowledging the facts on which any charge would be based, pay a reduced fine, and agree to change the way they conduct business. Critics of DPAs have suggested that, because the defendant corporation must pay a fine and submit to structural reform without having been found guilty at trial, DPAs violate the Presumption (...)
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  23.  24
    Normative and Islamic theology on the enforcement of COVID-19 health protocol in Indonesia.Anis Farida & Priyo Handoko - 2021 - HTS Theological Studies 77 (3):8.
    This study aims to analyse the pros and cons of imposing penalties or fines in law enforcement regulations for violating health protocols in Indonesia. Some people consider that the norm of the fine sanctions in statutory provisions regulating health protocol violators is unconstitutional, but others say it is constitutional. As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, a study of the perspective of Islamic law is essential. This article uses a normative legal research methodology using two (...)
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  24.  61
    Punishment With and Without the State: Comments on Linda Radzik’s The Ethics of Social Punishment: The Enforcement of Morality in Everyday Life.Leo Zaibert - 2023 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 17 (1):197-206.
    Linda Radzick's new book, _The Ethics of Social Punishment_, contains an important discussion of punishment outside the context of the state. By way of celebrating this fine and welcome book, I try to probe some analytical contours concerning punishment seen from the general perspective on which Radzick and I agree. I suggest altogether abandoning the idea that (non-state) punishment needs to be inflicted by an authority. Furthermore, I insist on an account of retributivism that resists the usual accusations of (...)
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  25. Killing, Letting Die, and the Case for Mildly Punishing Bad Samaritanism.Ken Levy - 2010 - Georgia Law Review 44:607-695.
    For over a century now, American scholars (among others) have been debating the merits of “bad Samaritan” laws — laws punishing people for failing to attempt easy and safe rescues. Unfortunately, the opponents of bad Samaritan laws have mostly prevailed. In the United States, the “no-duty-to-rescue” rule dominates. Only four states have passed bad Samaritan laws, and these laws impose only the most minimal punishment — either sub-$500 fines or short-term imprisonment. -/- This Article argues that every state should criminalize (...)
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  26.  10
    Managing Modernity: Politics and the Culture of Control.Matt Matravers - 2005 - Psychology Press.
    Criminologists, social theorists and philosophers from the USA and UK address the question, 'What do new forms of control - from mass imprisonment to on-the-spot-fines - tell us about ourselves and the societies we live in?'.
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  27.  20
    Restrictions on the Press under King Mohammed VI and Morocco's Obligations under International and Domestic Laws on Freedom of Expression.Agatha Koprowski - 2011 - Muslim World Journal of Human Rights 7 (2).
    Over the last eight years, there has been a sharp increase in government censorship and officially sponsored persecution of the Moroccan free press. The Moroccan press still enjoys greater freedoms now than under the late King Hassan II, thanks to the liberalization efforts he facilitated toward the end of his life, which were also continued in the early years of his son’s reign. However, the freedoms media activists worked so hard to obtain at the end of the last century have (...)
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  28.  38
    Whose Luck is it Anyway?Antony Duff - unknown
    First paragraph: Dangerous driving attracts a maximum penalty of a heavy fine, or in the most serious cases up to six months’ imprisonment; but if it causes death, the maximum penalty is fourteen years’ imprisonment. Careless driving attracts a maximum penalty of a level 4 fine; driving whilst under the influence of drink or drugs attracts a maximum penalty of a level 5 fine and/or up to six months’ imprisonment: but if someone causes death by careless driving (...)
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  29.  30
    A comparative user study of human predictions in algorithm-supported recidivism risk assessment.Manuel Portela, Carlos Castillo, Songül Tolan, Marzieh Karimi-Haghighi & Antonio Andres Pueyo - forthcoming - Artificial Intelligence and Law:1-47.
    In this paper, we study the effects of using an algorithm-based risk assessment instrument (RAI) to support the prediction of risk of violent recidivism upon release. The instrument we used is a machine learning version of RiskCanvi used by the Justice Department of Catalonia, Spain. It was hypothesized that people can improve their performance on defining the risk of recidivism when assisted with a RAI. Also, that professionals can perform better than non-experts on the domain. Participants had to predict whether (...)
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  30.  66
    The Limits of Consent.Joseph S. Fulda - 2013 - Sexuality and Culture 17 (4):659-665.
    This journal has frequently taken the position that /consent/, or at least /informed consent/, is all that from a secular viewpoint is necessary for an activity to be ethical. We argue to the contrary, that /consent/ is and /only/ is a /political/ criterion for determining /criminality/—even for a libertarian. Consensual behavior can be /unethical/—although it should not be criminalized—if the consent will never be truly revocable in the future of if such revocability is severely compromised. We give three examples, one (...)
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  31.  54
    Vaccination Mandates, Physically Forced Vaccination, and Rationing in the Intensive Care Unit: Searching for Ethical Coherence in the COVID-19 Pandemic.Afschin Gandjour - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics 22 (11):11-14.
    Vaccine mandates are coercive because they impose penalties, such as fines, criminal sanctions, or job loss. However, they are not as coercive as physical force. Mandates c...
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  32.  16
    Blue Bell: The Deadly Scoop.Laura Gordey, Sue Joiner & Joanna Shaw - 2021 - Journal of Business Ethics Education 18:279-284.
    Texas’ beloved Blue Bell Creameries was one of the leading ice cream brands worldwide until contaminated products issues culminated in 2015. During the outbreak, three people died and Blue Bell was forced to issue a total product recall. Governmental investigations revealed the company knew its production facilities had contamination issues as early as 2009. In 2020, Blue Bell pled guilty to shipping contaminated ice cream and paid over $19 million in fines. Paul Kruse, Blue Bell’s long-standing president, was alleged to (...)
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  33.  40
    Byproducts, Side-Effects, and the Law of War.Jacob Bronsther - 2023 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 17 (3):735-757.
    The Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) provides that, all else equal, intentional deaths are harder to justify than merely foreseen deaths. The principle is meant to ground the distinction within humanitarian law between terror bombing and strategic bombing. However, according to the “closeness problem,” terror bombers are not necessarily intentional killers. Terror bombing strictly requires only that the civilians appear dead, goes the argument, such that—for a “sophisticated” terror bomber—the civilians’ deaths could be unintended side-effects of making them appear dead. (...)
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  34.  9
    The Eighth Amendment and its Future in a New Age of Punishment.Meghan J. Ryan & William W. Berry Iii (eds.) - 2020 - Cambridge University Press.
    This book provides a theoretical and practical exploration of the constitutional bar against cruel and unusual punishments, excessive bail, and excessive fines. It explores the history of this prohibition, the current legal doctrine, and future applications of the Eighth Amendment. With contributions from the leading academics and experts on the Eighth Amendment and the wide range of punishments and criminal justice actors it touches, this volume addresses constitutional theory, legal history, federalism, constitutional values, the applicable legal doctrine, punishment theory, (...)
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  35.  32
    Idealizing Abolition.Daniel Fryer - 2023 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 17 (3):553-572.
    The United States system of policing is in drastic need of change. Some recent critics have encouraged that we avoid trying to repair the system—and abolish it altogether. In advancing this position, they often invoke ideas of “dreams,” “speculative imagination,” and “horizons” to guide efforts at fixing the problems of policing. In this essay, I caution against the overuse of this sort of idealized discourse in debates about policing. Specifically, I show how idealizations risk being counterproductive with respect to abolitionists’ (...)
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  36.  15
    The Laws of Plato.Thomas L. Pangle (ed.) - 1988 - University of Chicago Press.
    _The Laws_, Plato's longest dialogue, has for centuries been recognized as the most comprehensive exposition of the _practical_ consequences of his philosophy, a necessary corrective to the more visionary and utopian _Republic_. In this animated encounter between a foreign philosopher and a powerful statesman, not only do we see reflected, in Plato's own thought, eternal questions of the relation between political theory and practice, but we also witness the working out of a detailed plan for a new political order that (...)
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  37.  20
    Murdering Animals: Writings on Theriocide, Homicide and Nonspeciesist Criminology.Piers Beirne - 2018 - London: Palgrave Macmillan Uk. Edited by Ian O'Donnell & J. H. L. J. Janssen.
    Murdering Animals confronts the speciesism underlying the disparate social censures of homicide and “theriocide”, and as such, is a plea to take animal rights seriously. Its substantive topics include the criminal prosecution and execution of justiciable animals in early modern Europe; images of hunters put on trial by their prey in the upside-down world of the Dutch Golden Age; the artist William Hogarth’s patriotic depictions of animals in 18th Century London; and the playwright J.M. Synge’s representation of parricide in (...)
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  38. Capital Punishment.Benjamin S. Yost - 2017 - In Mortimer Sellers & Stephan Kirste, Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Springer. pp. 1-9.
    Capital punishment—the legally authorized killing of a criminal offender by an agent of the state for the commission of a crime—stands in special need of moral justification. This is because execution is a particularly severe punishment. Execution is different in kind from monetary and custodial penalties in an obvious way: execution causes the death of an offender. While fines and incarceration set back some of one’s interests, death eliminates the possibility of setting and pursuing ends. While fines and incarceration (...)
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  39.  28
    Rebuilding an Empire.Ligia Maura Costa - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics Education 17:255-272.
    From modest beginnings, the conglomerate Odebrecht became one of the most relevant actors of development for Brazil and Latin America. By 2010, the conglomerate was elected the best family business in the world. Annual revenues rose from US$ 24 billion in 2008 to US$ 41.8 billion in 2014. However, by 2015 Odebrecht was in a very different situation, embroiled in a multi-billion-dollar corruption scandal. To illegally secure more than 100 projects, Odebrecht had paid approximately US$ 788 million in bribes across (...)
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  40.  36
    The Future of Animal Law.Sean Butler - 2023 - Journal of Animal Ethics 13 (1):105-107.
    One of the issues with introducing animal rights law is whether the problem is quantitative or qualitative, whether it can be achieved by working within existing legal paradigms or whether it requires a new set of paradigms. The answer is fundamental: a quantitative problem can be solved by applying more of the same solutions, while a qualitative problem requires completely different solutions. The qualitative camp can be represented by, say, Professor Gary Francione, demanding not only rights for animals but that (...)
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  41.  78
    Public Prosecutors and Discretion: A Comparative Study.Julia Fionda - 1995 - Oxford University Press UK.
    The role of the public prosecutor in sentencing has become the subject of intense debate in recent years. Experts recognize that their influence on sentencing practice is profound, and that the implications of their influence is far reaching. In this original study the author assesses the influence of the public prosecutor in Scotland, the Netherlands, England and Wales and Germany over the process of sentencing offenders in the criminal justice system. This study offers a detailed analysis of prosecutorial power (...)
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  42. Do we believe in penal substitution?David K. Lewis - 1997 - Philosophical Papers 26 (3):203 - 209.
    If a guilty offender is justly sentenced to be punished and an innocent volunteer agrees to be punished instead, is that any reason to leave the offender unpunished? In the context of mundane criminal justice, we mostly think not. But in a religious context, some Christians do believe in penal substitution as a theory of the atonement. However, it is not just these Christians, but most of us, who are of two minds. If the punishment is an imprisonment or (...)
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  43.  40
    B Flach! B Flach!Myroslav Laiuk & Ali Kinsella - 2023 - Common Knowledge 29 (1):1-20.
    Don't tell terrible stories—everyone here has enough of their own. Everyone here has a whole bloody sack of terrible stories, and at the bottom of the sack is a hammer the narrator uses to pound you on the skull the instant you dare not believe your ears. Or to pound you when you do believe. Not long ago I saw a tomboyish girl on Khreshchatyk Street demand money of an elderly woman, threatening to bite her and infect her with syphilis. (...)
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  44.  33
    Against Draconian Penalties for Covid-19 Quarantine Infringements.Elias Moser - 2021 - Etikk I Praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics 2:17-28.
    In 2020, after the first Covid-19 lockdown, several countries implemented a policy of contact tracing and self-isolating for individuals who crossed borders or came into contact with infected people. To enforce these restrictions, some states imposed very harsh monetary penalties for people who violated them. Behind these harsh fines lies an instrumental rationale. They allow the state to avoid implementing a system of labor-intensive and costly surveillance and enforcement. In this article I argue that such severe penalties are extremely unjust. (...)
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  45.  17
    If This is Science - The long century of physical and natural sciences (Se Questa è Scienza - Il secolo lungo delle scienze fisiche e naturali).Giancarlo Scalera - 2023 - Science and Philosophy 11 (2):51-75.
    The last century was marked by a characteristic that has accompanied many human activities. In philosophy, attempts have been made to convince professionals, students and the more educated population that truth is unattainable, or does not even exist, or is only a reflection of thought. In the field of politics, ethics and morals, the new means of communication of the first half of the 20th century, first and foremost the radio followed by the press, and the powerful who controlled them, (...)
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  46. Leibniz's solution to the problem of evil: Franklin Leibniz on evil.James Franklin - 2003 - Think 2 (5):97-101.
    • It would be a moral disgrace for God (if he existed) to allow the many evils in the world, in the same way it would be for a parent to allow a nursery to be infested with criminals who abused the children. • There is a contradiction in asserting all three of the propositions: God is perfectly good; God is perfectly powerful; evil exists (since if God wanted to remove the evils and could, he would). • The religious believer (...)
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  47.  67
    Why Not Retribution? The Particularized Imagination and Justice for Pregnant Addicts.Lisa Eckenwiler - 2004 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 32 (1):89-99.
    The Law is a grim, unsmiling thing, Not Justice, though. Justice is witty and whimsical and kind and caring.Rohinton Misuy, A Fine Balance;When the South Carolina Supreme Court upheld the conviction and twelve-year sentence of Regina McKnight, it affirmed that state 's commitment to bring the full force of the law to the punishment of pregnant women who use drugs. Prosecutors linked the delivery of Ms.McKnight 's stillborn baby to her use of cocaine, and argued successfully for a finding (...)
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  48.  66
    Incarceration, Restitution, and Lifetime Debarment: Legal Consequences of Scientific Misconduct in the Eric Poehlman Case: Commentary on: “Scientific Forensics: How the Office of Research Integrity can Assist Institutional Investigations of Research Misconduct During Oversight Review”.Samuel J. Tilden - 2010 - Science and Engineering Ethics 16 (4):737-741.
    Following its determination of a finding of scientific misconduct the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) will seek redress for any injury sustained. Several remedies both administrative and statutory may be available depending on the strength of the evidentiary findings of the misconduct investigation. Pursuant to federal regulations administrative remedies are primarily remedial in nature and designed to protect the integrity of the affected research program, whereas statutory remedies including civil fines and criminal penalties are designed to deter and punish (...)
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    Employing Feminist Theory of Vulnerability to Interrogate the Implications of COVID-19 Apps in Racialized Subpopulations.Tereza Hendl, Ryoa Chung & Verina Wild - 2022 - International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics 15 (1):143-145.
    Our paper was written to highlight the need for mitigating vulnerability in COVID-19 tracing technology. As the pandemic was unravelling in mid 2020 and infection rates were rising steeply across the globe, we were following the news on emerging response measures and their social impact. We were alarmed by media reports regarding racial profiling and criminalization related to the implementation of physical distancing measures. Media reports documenting the fining of predominantly Black and Hispanic people in New York City, the closures (...)
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    Whose Luck is it Anyway?R. A. Duff - 2008 - In Christopher M. V. Clarkson & Sally Cunningham, Criminal Liability for Non-Aggressive Death. Ashgate. pp. 61-78.
    First paragraph: Dangerous driving attracts a maximum penalty of a heavy fine, or in the most serious cases up to six months’ imprisonment; but if it causes death, the maximum penalty is fourteen years’ imprisonment. Careless driving attracts a maximum penalty of a level 4 fine; driving whilst under the influence of drink or drugs attracts a maximum penalty of a level 5 fine and/or up to six months’ imprisonment: but if someone causes death by careless driving (...)
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