This study examines the key historical stages of the sustainable rural education policy development, including the stage of Rural Education Restoration and Adjustment Period (1979–1985); the stage of Comprehensive Reform Period of Rural Education (1985–2003); the stage of Rural Education Coordinated Development Period (2003–2018); and the stage of Rural Education Revitalization and Development Period (2018 to present). Along with the analysis, the policy characteristics of sustainable development of rural education policy in China concentrates on adhering to the unified leadership of (...) the Party as the fundamental, adhering to the principle of comprehensive reform, adhering to the goal of serving rural development; adhere to promoting equity in education as the main task; and adhering to the construction of teachers as the key. In addition, policy problems on the sustainable development of rural education in China are also highlighted in this study. The conclusion and remarks are finally offered in the last. (shrink)

本书收录了伦理学基础理论研究方面的诸多成果,对道德是什么,道德的评价标准是什么,道德的原则以及价值理性与科技理性的关系等基本问题进行了许多研究.

Basic work, with 15th century commentary, of the neo-Nyaya school in Indic philosophy; portion dealing with analogy (upamāna).

Portion of Tattvacintāmaṇi dealing with syllogism (avayava); includes commentaries and supercommentary.

Wen ji" fen wei "Wo de xue shu chuang xin zhi lu (dai zi xu)" he "Ming dai zhu ming zhe xue jia Wang Tingxiang yan jiu"(di 1-2 juan), "Zhongguo zhe xue Fan Chou shi yan jiu" (di 3-4 juan), "Zhongguo shi xue yu Dong Ya shi xue yan jiu", "Zhongguo guan li zhe xue yan jiu" (di 5-6 juan), "Zhonguo zhe xue ji qi xian dai quan shi lun ji" (di 10-12 juan) wu da ban kuai.

Portion of Pratyakṣakhaṇḍa of Tattvacintāmaṇi, compendium of Navya Nyāya philosophy by Gaṅgeśa, 13th century with Dīpikā commentary.

Sanskrit text, portion of Tattvacintāmaṇi dealing with syllogism (avayava) ; with commentary and supercommentary, of the Navya-Nyaya school in Indic philosophy.

Women entrepreneurs innovate, initiate, engage, and run business enterprises to contribute the domestic development. Women entrepreneurs think and start taking risks of operating enterprises and combine various factors involved in production to deal with the uncertain business environment. Entrepreneurship and technological innovation play a crucial role in developing the economy by creating job opportunities, improving skills, and executing new ideas. It has a significant impact on the income of the household. The study focused on investigating the role of women’s entrepreneurship (...) and innovation technologies in contributing to household income in the challenging situation of the pandemic COVID-19. The paper emphasized identifying the determinants of female entrepreneurial contribution toward household income. This study collected data from selected rural and urban areas of district Faisalabad through a self-administered questionnaire. Investigators interviewed female entrepreneurs and chose them through the snowball sampling technique from a population of purposively selected female-run businesses. Interviews were conducted with women entrepreneurs to gather relevant information for the survey investigation at their workplaces and home. The effects of various factors, including age, education, family size, income from other sources, time allocated to entrepreneurial activity, firm size, and location (rural/urban) were estimated empirically using an ordered logit model. The study findings exhibited a positive and significant role of respondents’ education, family size, time allocated to entrepreneurial activities, and firm size. The survey outcomes also indicated that the contribution of entrepreneurial income to household income in the rural areas is significantly higher than that in urban areas. This study signifies that regulations against gender discrimination in public and private institutions are helpful. Besides, encouraging an environment for entrepreneurial culture among women in the country would increase family income. The study’s findings and policy implications directly link to Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) 5 of Gender Equality (GE) and SDG 8 related to decent work and economic growth. (shrink)

Selection of author's works on Svātantrika Madhyamika philosophy and logic.

Critical edition of the portion of Tattvacintāmaṇi of Gaṅgésa, 13th cent., basic work on Hindu logic and epistemology of the neo-Nyaya school in Hindu philosophy.

The Aesthetic Relation is a companion volume to The Work of Art: Immanence and Transcendence, published by Cornell in 1997.

Over the course of the past forty years, Ge;rard Genette’s work has profoundly influenced scholars of narratology, poetics, aesthetics, and literary and cultural criticism, and he continues to be one of France’s most influential theorists. The eighteen pieces in Essays in Aesthetics are of international interest because they are concerned either with universal aesthetic problems (the receiver’s relationship to an aesthetic object, abstract art, the role of repetition in aesthetics, genre theory, and the rapport between literature and music) or with (...) specific moments in the work of a well-known writer or artist (such as Stendhal, Proust, Manet, Pissarro, and Canaletto). Essays in Aesthetics contains a wealth of material related to the appreciation of beauty by one of the subtlest and most original minds working in aesthetics today. Genette knows the fine arts as well as he knows literature and as a result has innovative things to say to readers in that field as well as to philosophers and literary scholars. (shrink)

" L'état social n'est avantageux aux hommes qu'autant qu'ils ont tous quelque chose et qu'aucun d'eux n'a rien de trop " écrit Rousseau. Une certaine redistribution des richesses est donc le préalable obligé d'une vie politique qui ne tourne pas à la domination des uns sur les autres. Le présent essai retrace la genèse de l'inégalité telle que Rousseau la conçoit et en analyse les conséquences. Rousseau ou la révolution impossible constitue ainsi une introduction à la lecture du Discours sur (...) l'origine de l'inégalité et du Contrat social. Mais, par delà l'éclairage apporté à des textes parfois difficiles, tous ceux qui ne se satisfont pas du cours pris par la vie politique dans les démocraties contemporaines devraient y trouver de quoi nourrir leur réflexion critique. (shrink)

Using Hofstede's culture theory (1980, 2001 Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviours, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nation. Sage, NewYork), the current study incorporates the moral development (e.g. Thorne, 2000; Thorne and Magnan, 2000; Thorne et al., 2003) and multidimensional ethics scale (e.g. Cohen et al., 1993; Cohen et al., 1996b; Cohen et al., 2001; Flory et al., 1992) approaches to compare the ethical reasoning and decisions of Canadian and Mainland Chinese final year undergraduate accounting students. The results indicate that Canadian accounting (...) students' formulation of an intention to act on a particular ethical dilemma (deliberative reasoning) as measured by the moral development approach (Thorne, 2000) was higher than Mainland Chinese accounting students. The current study proposes that the five factors identified by the multidimensional ethics scale (MES), as being relevant to ethical decision making can be placed into the three levels of ethical reasoning identified by Kohlberg's (1958, The Development of Modes of Moral Thinking and Choice in the Years Ten to Sixteen. University of Chicago, Doctoral dissertation) theory of cognitive moral development. Canadian accounting students used post-conventional MES factors (moral equity, contractualism, and utilitarianism) more frequently and made more ethical audit decisions than Chinese accounting students. (shrink)

A quoi réent les machines? La question peut paraître étrange. C’est cependant une manière d’interroger nos propres rêveries autour des réalisations techniques, en faisant jouer aux machines le rôle de reflet de nos propres existences. A travers de nombreux artifices, dont les machines sont les plus élaborés, nous construisons notre monde, enchevêtrant raison et imaginaire et mêlant utile et gratuit. La machine et ses rêves nous renvoient alors une image éclairée de nous-mêmes. Ce jeu de miroir Ne pose-t-il pas la (...) question de savoir si, au bout de toute philosophique interrogation, nous ne serions pas plutôt des machines rêvant de devenir des humains. Ainsi, cette question ouvre une enquête sur l’imaginaire attaché aux machines, des premiers automates à l’ombre du cyborg, La définition rigoureuse de la machine, tentée en début d’ouvrage, se trouve, au fil des pages, débordée sur les frontières ténues entre raison technicienne et imaginaire. Ces rêveries de la machine ont finalement été prises au sérieux par les artistes, depuis Duchamp et Léger, jusqu’aux formes contemporaine de l’art numérique, en passant par Tinguely et Schöffer. S’intéresser aux rêves des machines, c’est prendre conscience qu’avec elles s’insinuent des parts d’ombre et de lumière. Car le songe ne va jamais sans risque. Humains nous sommes des êtres du désir, mais nous sommes aussi des êtres de l’artifice. C’est sur ce terrain-là que cet ouvrage entraîne notre réflexion, au-delà de l’opposition trop simple entre technologie naïve et technologie paralysante. (shrink)

La 4e de couverture indique : "Le monde contemporain a plus que jamais besoin des éclairages de la sociologie : post-truth society, instabilité politique dans les pays démocratiques, montée des populismes... Mais cette discipline à vocation scientifique est prise en otage par ceux qui veulent en faire un « sport de combat » politique. Ce livre s'adresse donc à tous ceux qui s'intéressent aux faits sociaux et sont inquiets ou étonnés des dérives intellectuelles de certaines figures reconnues des sciences humaines (...) et sociales. Les sociologues ne sont pas immunisés contre les biais cognitifs qui peuvent nous égarer dans des récits idéologiques et outranciers : dans ce cas, toutes les conditions sont présentes pour que la sociologie « tourne » en une production plus militante que proprement scientifique. Il est donc temps pour eux de sortir de leur sommeil dogmatique et de s'astreindre aux règles qui régissent la cité des sciences. C'est ce que ce livre propose, en convoquant des données issues tout aussi bien de la sociologie que des sciences du cerveau dans le but de rendre accessibles aux non-spécialistes les enjeux fondamentaux que représente ce continent de la pensée.". (shrink)

_Uses the concept of religiosity to challenge traditional views of Nietzsche and Zhuangzi as nihilistic and anti-religious._.

This work is the intellectual biography of the greatest of American philosophers. Peirce was not only a pioneer in logic and the creator of a philosophical movement pragmatism he also proposed a phenomenological theory, quite different from that of Husserl, but equal in profundity; and long before Saussure, and in a totally different spirit, a semiotic theory whose present interest owes nothing to passing fashion and everything to its fecundity. Throughout his life Peirce wrote continually about sign and phenomenon (or (...) phaneron). Consequently his writings must be studied chronologically if they are not to appear incomprehensible or contradictory. One of the merits of this book is to clarify Peirce's thought by analysing its development chronologically. We follow the evolution of Peirce's thought from his critique of Kantian logic and Cartesianism (Chap. I, “Leaving the Cave”: 1851-1870) to his discovery of modern logic and pragmatism (Chap. II, “The Eclipse of the Sun”: 1870-1887) and finally to a semiotic founded on a phenomenology the base of which is the logic of relations and the crowning-point scientific metaphysics (Chap. III, “The Sun Set Free”: 1887-1914). The book includes a detailed chronology, a general bibliography, and an index. (shrink)

The explosion in sequencing technologies has provided us with an instrument to describe mammalian transcriptomes at unprecedented depths. This has revealed that alternative splicing is used extensively not only to generate protein diversity, but also as a means to regulate gene expression post‐transcriptionally. Intron retention (IR) is overwhelmingly perceived as an aberrant splicing event with little or no functional consequence. However, recent work has now shown that IR is used to regulate a specific differentiation event within the haematopoietic system by (...) coupling it to nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Here, we highlight how IR and, more broadly, alternative splicing coupled to NMD (AS‐NMD) can be used to regulate gene expression and how this is deregulated in disease. We suggest that the importance of AS‐NMD is not restricted to the haematopoietic system but that it plays a prominent role in other normal and aberrant biological settings. (shrink)

Leo Strauss (1899-1973), philosophe juif allemand, est connu pour sa critique aigue de l'ideal radical des Lumieres et ses derives modernes (historicisme, relativisme, progressisme et nihilisme), pour son retour a la pensee politique grecque et sa defense de l'universalite du droit naturel.Sa philosophie tient a un fil directeur : le croisement entre les heritages biblique et grec. Ce sont les Lumieres medievales, plus prudentes et rationnelles que les Lumieres modernes, qui ouvrent, a ses yeux, la question du rapport entre la (...) foi en la Loi et l'autorite de la raison, en inventant un art d'ecrire secret capable d'associer l'adresse au grand nombre et l'adresse aux lettres. Strauss defend l'idee d'un conflit irreductible et fructueux entre Athenes et Jerusalem, entre philosophie et Loi. Nous trouverions en effet dans la tension entre ces deux poles legitimes et, pour partie, contradictoires, le pouvoir de contrer le declin general de la politique contemporaine. La philosophie de Strauss nous alerte par sa critique aussi vigoureuse que mesuree de la democratie liberale moderne, par son intelligence de la tyrannie, de la persecution et de la discrimination etatiques ou sociales, et par sa mise en relief de l'importance du judaisme eclaire. Elle a ouvert la voie a un renouveau de la philosophie politique. (shrink)

This book contributes to the developing dialogue between cognitive science and social sciences. It focuses on a central issue in both fields, i.e. the nature and the limitations of the rationality of beliefs and action. The development of cognitive science is one of the most important and fascinating intellectual advances of recent decades, and social scientists are paying increasing attention to the findings of this new branch of science that forces us to consider many classical issues related to epistemology and (...) philosophy of action in a new light. This book encourages scholars from different fields who are interested in the dialogue between cognitive science and social sciences, to develop and analyze new perspectives that allow us to elucidate the mystery of rationality. What is rationality? What are its limitations? What rationality assumptions must be used to study social and economic phenomena? The target audience primarily comprises researchers and experts in the field. Analysis of the concept of rationality is a leitmotiv in the history of the social sciences and has involved endless disputes. Since it is difficult to give a precise definition of this concept, and there is a lack of agreement about its meaning, it is possible to say that there is a ‘mystery of rationality’. What is it to be rational? Is rationality merely instrumental or does it also involve the endorsement of values, i.e. the choice of goals? Should we consider rationality to be a normative principle or a descriptive one? Can rationality be only Cartesian or can it also be argumentative? Is rationality a conscious skill or a partly tacit one? This book, which has been written by an outstanding collection of authors, including both philosophers and social scientists, tries to make a useful contribution to the debates on these problems and shed some light on the mystery of rationality. (shrink)

En associant philosophie et logique, cet ouvrage apporte un éclairage sur l'évolution de la logique de l'époque d'Aristote à nos jours. Il présente les différents formalismes des logiques non-standard en expliquant tout d'abord les besoins de ces logiques puis leurs descriptions syntaxiques et sémantiques. A l'aide d'exercices, il offre un panorama de ces logiques qui sont complexes à " utiliser " pour modéliser des connaissances permettant ainsi aux lecteurs d'appréhender ce domaine.

Supercommentary on the concept of pervasion (vyāpti) from a topic in Tattvacintāmaṇi, a basic neo-Nyaya work by Gaṅgeśa.

ABSTRACTFilm clips are widely used in emotion research due to their relatively high ecological validity. Although researchers have established various film clip sets for different cultures, the few that exist related to Chinese culture do not adequately address positive emotions. The main purposes of the present study were to establish a standardised database of Chinese emotional film clips that could elicit more categories of reported positive emotions compared to the existing databases and to expand the available film clips that can (...) be used as neutral materials. Two experiments were conducted to construct the database. In experiment 1, 111 film clips were selected from more than one thousand Chinese movies for preliminary screening. After 315 participants viewed and evaluated these film clips, 39 excerpts were selected for further validation. In experiment 2, 147 participants watched and rated these 39 film clips, as well as another 8 excerpts chosen from the existing databases, to compare their validit... (shrink)