Results for 'Torsten Betz'

507 found
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  1.  24
    Beyond Correlation: Do Color Features Influence Attention in Rainforest?Hans-Peter Frey, Kerstin Wirz, Verena Willenbockel, Torsten Betz, Cornell Schreiber, Tomasz Troscianko & Peter König - 2011 - Frontiers Human Neuroscience 5.
  2. Gender differences in proclivity for unethical behavior.Michael Betz, Lenahan O'Connell & Jon M. Shepard - 1989 - Journal of Business Ethics 8 (5):321 - 324.
    This paper explores possible connections between gender and the willingness to engage in unethical business behavior. Two approaches to gender and ethics are presented: the structural approach and the socialization approach. Data from a sample of 213 business school students reveal that men are more than two times as likely as women to engage in actions regarded as unethical but it is also important to note that relatively few would engage in any of these actions with the exception of buying (...)
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  3. Epistemic Trust in Science.Torsten Wilholt - 2013 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 64 (2):233-253.
    Epistemic trust is crucial for science. This article aims to identify the kinds of assumptions that are involved in epistemic trust as it is required for the successful operation of science as a collective epistemic enterprise. The relevant kind of reliance should involve working from the assumption that the epistemic endeavors of others are appropriately geared towards the truth, but the exact content of this assumption is more difficult to analyze than it might appear. The root of the problem is (...)
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  4.  99
    Epistemic interests and the objectivity of inquiry.Torsten Wilholt - 2022 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 91 (C):86-93.
    This paper advocates for making epistemic interests a central object of philosophical analysis in epistemology and philosophy of science. It is argued that the importance of epistemic interests derives from their fundamental importance for the notion of objectivity. Epistemic interests are defined as individuated by a set of objectives, each of which represents a dimension of the search for truth. Among these dimensions, specificity, sensitivity, and productivity are discussed in detail. It is argued that the relevance of productivity is often (...)
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  5. Bias and values in scientific research.Torsten Wilholt - 2009 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 40 (1):92-101.
    When interests and preferences of researchers or their sponsors cause bias in experimental design, data interpretation or dissemination of research results, we normally think of it as an epistemic shortcoming. But as a result of the debate on science and values, the idea that all extra-scientific influences on research could be singled out and separated from pure science is now widely believed to be an illusion. I argue that nonetheless, there are cases in which research is rightfully regarded as epistemologically (...)
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  6. Scientific freedom: its grounds and their limitations.Torsten Wilholt - 2010 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 41 (2):174-181.
    In various debates about science, appeal is made to the freedom of scientific research. A rationale in favor of this freedom is rarely offered. In this paper, two major arguments are reconstructed that promise to lend support to a principle of scientific freedom. According to the epistemological argument, freedom of research is required in order to organize the collective cognitive effort we call science efficiently. According to the political argument, scientific knowledge needs to be generated in ways that are independent (...)
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  7.  4
    The Driburger Kreis – an Institution in German History of Science, Medicine, and Technology.Torsten Bendl, Gina Maria Klein & Alexander Stöger - 2024 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 32 (3):281-287.
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  8.  8
    Zur Verbreitung wikingischer Gußformen.Torsten Capelle - 1979 - Frühmittelalterliche Studien 13 (1):430-438.
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  9. Structure and efficiency of the judiciary system of the Federal Republic of Germany.Torsten Ehmcke - 2003 - Rechtstheorie 34 (1):123-143.
     
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  10.  71
    The Ecological Rationality of Simple Group Heuristics: Effects of Group Member Strategies on Decision Accuracy.Torsten Reimer & Ulrich Hoffrage - 2006 - Theory and Decision 60 (4):403-438.
    The notion of ecological rationality implies that the accuracy of a decision strategy depends on features of the information environment in which it is tested. We demonstrate that the performance of a group may be strongly affected by the decision strategies used by its individual members and specify how this effect is moderated by environmental features. Specifically, in a set of simulation studies, we systematically compared four decision strategies used by the individual group members: two linear, compensatory decision strategies and (...)
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  11.  42
    How unitary is the capacity-limited attentional focus?Torsten Schubert & Peter A. Frensch - 2001 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (1):146-147.
    Cowan assumes a unitary capacity-limited attentional focus. We argue that two main problems need to be solved before this assumption can complement theoretical knowledge about human cognition. First, it needs to be clarified what exactly the nature of the elements (chunks) within the attentional focus is. Second, an elaborated process model needs to be developed and testable assumptions about the proposed capacity limitation need to be formulated.
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  12.  17
    „Ware Leidenschaft!“ Zum Einfluss der Fanidentität auf Einstellung und Kaufabsicht gegenüber Produkten von Sponsoren / Consuming passions: The influence of fan identification on consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions towards sponsors’ products.Torsten Schlesinger - 2010 - Sport Und Gesellschaft 7 (1):3-26.
    Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, inwieweit die Identifikation von Fans mit einem Sportteam bzw. -club die Einstellung und Kaufabsicht gegenüber Produkten von Clubsponsoren beeinflusst. Zur Analyse dieses Zusammenhangs wird zunächst ein Wirkungsmodell entwickelt, welches die Beziehung zwischen Fan, Sportclub und Sponsor abzubilden vermag. Die Prüfung der abgeleiteten Hypothesen erfolgt anhand einer empirischen Studie mit einem Proficlub der ersten Fußball-Bundesliga und einem seiner Sponsoren in der Saison 2007/08. Über eine Online-Befragung wurde eine Stichprobe von N = 1.594 generiert. (...)
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  13. Probabilistic coherence, logical consistency, and Bayesian learning: Neural language models as epistemic agents.Gregor Betz & Kyle Richardson - 2023 - PLoS ONE 18 (2).
    It is argued that suitably trained neural language models exhibit key properties of epistemic agency: they hold probabilistically coherent and logically consistent degrees of belief, which they can rationally revise in the face of novel evidence. To this purpose, we conduct computational experiments with rankers: T5 models [Raffel et al. 2020] that are pretrained on carefully designed synthetic corpora. Moreover, we introduce a procedure for eliciting a model’s degrees of belief, and define numerical metrics that measure the extent to which (...)
     
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  14. In defence of the value free ideal.Gregor Betz - 2013 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 3 (2):207-220.
    The ideal of value free science states that the justification of scientific findings should not be based on non-epistemic (e.g. moral or political) values. It has been criticized on the grounds that scientists have to employ moral judgements in managing inductive risks. The paper seeks to defuse this methodological critique. Allegedly value-laden decisions can be systematically avoided, it argues, by making uncertainties explicit and articulating findings carefully. Such careful uncertainty articulation, understood as a methodological strategy, is exemplified by the current (...)
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  15. Are climate models credible worlds? Prospects and limitations of possibilistic climate prediction.Gregor Betz - 2015 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 5 (2):191-215.
    Climate models don’t give us probabilistic forecasts. To interpret their results, alternatively, as serious possibilities seems problematic inasmuch as climate models rely on contrary-to-fact assumptions: why should we consider their implications as possible if their assumptions are known to be false? The paper explores a way to address this possibilistic challenge. It introduces the concepts of a perfect and of an imperfect credible world, and discusses whether climate models can be interpreted as imperfect credible worlds. That would allow one to (...)
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  16.  54
    Antiquity and Humanity: Essays on Ancient Religion and Philosophy: Presented to Hans Dieter Betz on His 70th Birthday.Hans Dieter Betz, Adela Yarbro Collins & Margaret Mary Mitchell (eds.) - 2001 - Mohr Siebeck.
    This volume pays tribute to the remarkable scholarship of Hans Dieter Betz, which has combined amazing range with consistency of vision. Defying the traditional boundaries of the academy, Hans Dieter Betz, Shailer Mathews Professor emeritus at the University of Chicago Divinity School, has made significant contributions in the fields of New Testament, classics, church history, theology, and history of religions. This Festschrift brings together the work of major scholars of ancient religion and philosophy who are part of (...)'s international circle of conversation. The volume also contains a complete bibliography of Hans Dieter Betz's publications from 1959 to 2000. (shrink)
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  17.  95
    Design Rules: Industrial Research and Epistemic Merit.Torsten Wilholt - 2006 - Philosophy of Science 73 (1):66-89.
    A common complaint against the increasing privatization of research is that research that is conducted with the immediate purpose of producing applicable knowledge will not yield knowledge as valuable as that generated in more curiosity‐driven, academic settings. In this paper, I make this concern precise and reconstruct the rationale behind it. Subsequently, I examine the case of industry research on the giant magnetoresistance effect in the 1990s as a characteristic example of research undertaken under considerable pressure to produce applicable results. (...)
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  18.  99
    Collaborative research, scientific communities, and the social diffusion of trustworthiness.Torsten Wilholt - 2016 - In Michael Brady & Miranda Fricker, The Epistemic Life of Groups: Essays in the Epistemology of Collectives. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press UK.
    The main thesis of this paper is that when we trust the results of scientific research, that trust is inevitably directed at least in part at collective bodies rather than at single researchers, and that accordingly, reasonable assessments of epistemic trustworthiness in science must attend to these collective bodies. In order to support this claim, I start by invoking the collaborative nature of most of today’s scientific research. I argue that the trustworthiness of a collaborative research group does not supervene (...)
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  19.  5
    Attitude figure.Torsten Hoffmann - 2024 - Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft Und Geistesgeschichte 98 (4):703-725.
    No other contemporary writer is invoked as emphatically by the New Right as Botho Strauß and his essay Anschwellender Bocksgesang (1993). This article explores the question of what function Strauß is assigned in the New Right’s literary politics of the 21st century. It can be observed that Strauß and his essay are used (I.) metapolitically, (II.) to secure intellectuality, (III.) for internal wing battles and (IV.) aesthetically. All of this culminates in a ›Haltungsfigur‹ assigned to Strauß, which is of central (...)
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  20. Underdetermination, Model-ensembles and Surprises: On the Epistemology of Scenario-analysis in Climatology.Gregor Betz - 2009 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 40 (1):3-21.
    As climate policy decisions are decisions under uncertainty, being based on a range of future climate change scenarios, it becomes a crucial question how to set up this scenario range. Failing to comply with the precautionary principle, the scenario methodology widely used in the Third Assessment Report of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) seems to violate international environmental law, in particular a provision of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. To place climate policy advice on a (...)
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  21. On Degrees of Justification.Gregor Betz - 2012 - Erkenntnis 77 (2):237-272.
    This paper gives an explication of our intuitive notion of strength of justification in a controversial debate. It defines a thesis' degree of justification within the bipolar argumentation framework of the theory of dialectical structures as the ratio of coherently adoptable positions according to which that thesis is true over all coherently adoptable positions. Broadening this definition, the notion of conditional degree of justification, i.e.\ degree of partial entailment, is introduced. Thus defined degrees of justification correspond to our pre-theoretic intuitions (...)
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  22.  17
    Foucault som tænker af teknologien.Torsten Andreasen - 2016 - Agora Journal for metafysisk spekulasjon 34 (1):83-100.
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  23.  55
    Griechische grundbegriffe.Hans Dieter Betz - 1966 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 4 (2):167-168.
    Review of Griechische Grundbegriffe By Karl Kernyi. Fragen und Antworten aus der heutigen Situation (Albae Vigiliae, N.F. Heft XIX; Zfirich: Rhein-Verlag, 1964.72 Seiten,DM/Fr 9, 80.) In the present little volume 1 which is rich in content, Karl Kernyi makes an attempt to interpret several essential "basic Greek concepts" with regard to the "basic Greek realities" (griechischen GrundtaLsachen) which come to expression in them in such a way that, when confronted with contemporary religious and theological inquiry, they disclose their meaning in (...)
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  24.  16
    Towards a Reassessment of Indrabhuti’s Jnanasiddhi.Torsten Gerloff & Julian Schott - 2021 - Buddhist Studies Review 37 (2):241-260.
    This article argues for the reassessment of Indrabhuti’s Jnanasiddhi in the light of newly discovered primary witnesses and previously unnoticed relations to other works. Presumably composed in the late eighth to early ninth century CE, it belongs to the earlier phase of Tantric Buddhism, a transitional period between the predominance of the Yoga- and Mahayogatantras to the later Yoginitantras, and relates to a variety of important scriptures of this formation. While this article briefly discusses the origins, authorship, contents and context (...)
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  25.  65
    Ethical Aspects of Climate Engineering.Betz Gregor & Sebastian Cacean - 2012 - KIT Scientific Publishing,.
    This study investigates the ethical aspects of deploying and researching into so-called climate engineering methods, i.e. large-scale technical interventions in the climate system with the objective of offsetting anthropogenic climate change. The moral reasons in favour of and against R&D into and deployment of CE methods are analysed by means of argument maps. These argument maps provide an overview of the CE controversy and help to structure the complex debate.
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  26. Att beskriva konstverk är ingen konst.Torsten Weimarck - 1985 - Res Publica (Misc) 2:169-190.
     
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  27.  10
    Anteckningar om objektet.Torsten Weimarck - 1994 - Res Publica 28 (4):95-108.
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  28.  12
    Raum zur Identitätskonstruktion des Eigenen.Torsten Wissmann - 2011 - [Stuttgart]: Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart.
    English summary: The Self and the Other: both face each other, and from our own Here, we look at the unknown There. The Self is only limited by what is unknown, and vice versa. What makes the Self? In search of identity, positions from antiquity to postmodernism are considered. From the geographical point of view, the author presents the question of the Where of the Self: how important is space for the construction of one's own identity? Here, the investigation must (...)
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  29.  95
    Autonomous Driving Ethics: from Trolley Problem to Ethics of Risk.Maximilian Geisslinger, Franziska Poszler, Johannes Betz, Christoph Lütge & Markus Lienkamp - 2021 - Philosophy and Technology 34 (4):1033-1055.
    In 2017, the German ethics commission for automated and connected driving released 20 ethical guidelines for autonomous vehicles. It is now up to the research and industrial sectors to enhance the development of autonomous vehicles based on such guidelines. In the current state of the art, we find studies on how ethical theories can be integrated. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no framework for motion planning has yet been published which allows for the true implementation of any practical (...)
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  30.  71
    The introduction of online authentication as part of the new electronic national identity card in Germany.Torsten Noack & Herbert Kubicek - 2010 - Identity in the Information Society 3 (1):87-110.
    This chapter provides an analysis of the long process of introducing an electronic identity for online authentication in Germany. This process is described as a multi-facet innovation, involving actors from different policy fields shifting over time. The eID process started in the late ‘90s in the context of eGovernment and eCommerce with the legislation on e-signatures, which were supposed to allow for online authentication of citizens. When after 5 years it was recognized that this was not the case, a new (...)
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  31. Evaluating Dialectical Structures.Gregor Betz - 2009 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 38 (3):283-312.
    This paper develops concepts and procedures for the evaluation of complex debates. They provide means for answering such questions as whether a thesis has to be considered as proven or disproven in a debate or who carries a burden of proof. While being based on classical logic, this framework represents an (argument-based) approach to non-monotonic, or defeasible reasoning. Debates are analysed as dialectical structures, i.e. argumentation systems with an attack- as well as a support-relationship. The recursive status assignment over the (...)
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  32.  74
    Debate Dynamics: How Controversy Improves Our Beliefs.Gregor Betz - 2012 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer.
    By means of multi-agent simulations, it investigates the truth and consensus-conduciveness of controversial debates. The book brings together research in formal epistemology and argumentation theory.
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  33.  37
    Preventive Environmental Wars.Adam Betz - 2019 - Journal of Military Ethics 18 (3):223-247.
    ABSTRACTThis article argues that there is a just cause for war to prevent the future hazards of anthropogenic climate change even if, because of what is known as the Non-Identity Problem, that caus...
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  34.  16
    Ancient and Modern Perspectives on the Bible and Culture: Essays in Honor of Hans Dieter Betz.Hans Dieter Betz - 1998 - Scholars Press Homage Series.
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  35. On Knowing What One Does Not Know: Ignorance and the Aims of Research.Torsten Wilholt - 2020 - In Janet A. Kourany & Martin Carrier, Science and the production of ignorance: when the quest for knowledge is thwarted. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. pp. 195-218.
    In order to select an area of ignorance and make it the target of inquiry, one first has to be aware of one’s own lack of knowledge in this particular area. In this paper, I explore this connection between ignorance and the aims of research. I emphasize the importance of distinguishing between all the things we don’t know—our total ignorance—and the totality of what we know we don’t know—our conscious ignorance. I argue that while our total ignorance may be conceptualized (...)
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  36.  72
    Scientific autonomy and planned research: The case of space science.Torsten Wilholt - 2006 - Poiesis and Praxis 4 (4):253-265.
    Scientific research that requires space flight has always been subject to comparatively strong external control. Its agenda has often had to be adapted to vacillating political target specifications. Can space scientists appeal to one or the other form of the widely acknowledged principle of freedom of research in order to claim more autonomy? In this paper, the difficult question of autonomy within planned research is approached by examining three arguments that support the principle of freedom of research in differing ways. (...)
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  37. Galatians: A Commentary on Paul's Letter to the Churches in Galatia.Hans-Dieter Betz - 1979
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  38.  27
    Conceptualizing Human–Nature Relationships: Implications of Human Exceptionalist Thinking for Sustainability and Conservation.Joan J. H. Kim, Nicole Betz, Brian Helmuth & John D. Coley - 2023 - Topics in Cognitive Science 15 (3):357-387.
    The ways in which people conceptualize the human–nature relationship have significant implications for proenvironmental values and attitudes, sustainable behavior, and environmental policy measures. Human exceptionalism (HE) is one such conceptual framework, involving the belief that humans and human societies exist independently of the ecosystems in which they are embedded, promoting a sharp ontological boundary between humans and the rest of the natural world. In this paper, we introduce HE in more depth, exploring the impact of HE on perceptions of the (...)
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  39.  61
    Prediction or Prophecy?: The Boundaries of Economic Foreknowledge and Their Socio-Political Consequences.Gregor Betz - 2006 - DUV.
    Gregor Betz explores the following questions: Where are the limits of economics, in particular the limits of economic foreknowledge? Are macroeconomic forecasts credible predictions or mere prophecies and what would this imply for the way economic policy decisions are taken? Is rational economic decision making possible without forecasting at all?
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  40.  25
    Mastering the Future: Power and the Futural Logic of Security.Torsten Menge - 2023 - Developing Critical Security Studies From Doha.
  41. The new demarcation problem.Bennett Holman & Torsten Wilholt - 2022 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 91 (C):211-220.
    There is now a general consensus amongst philosophers in the values in science literature that values necessarily play a role in core areas of scientific inquiry. We argue that attention should now be turned from debating the value-free ideal to delineating legitimate from illegitimate influences of values in science, a project we dub “The New Demarcation Problem.” First, we review past attempts to demarcate the uses of values and propose a categorization of the strategies by where they seek to draw (...)
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  42. Reflective equilibrium: conception, formalization, application—introduction to the topical collection.Georg Brun, Gregor Betz & Claus Beisbart - 2025 - Synthese 205 (2):1-9.
    Reflective equilibrium ("RE", for short) is a method of justification which works roughly as follows: We start with our pre-theoretical judgements (about, e.g. moral issues) and try to explain them by a systematic theory. This leads to a process in which judgements and principles are mutually adjusted to each other until a state of equilibrium is reached. For more than half a century, RE has been very popular, as well as controversial, among philosophers of many persuasions. Given how frequently the (...)
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  43.  28
    Enlightenment Revisited: Hamann as the First and Best Critic of Kant's Philosophy.John R. Betz - 2004 - Modern Theology 20 (2):291-301.
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  44. Sissela Bok on the analogy of deception and violence.Joseph Betz - 1985 - Journal of Value Inquiry 19 (3):217-224.
    Bok defines lying in the same way as Augustine and Kant. But she wants to oppose their position that one cannot lie to save an innocent life. This position was successfully and consistently opposed by Constant and Grotius who did so by redefining lying so that the untruth one tells to save an innocent life does not count as a lie since it does not violate a right. Bok refuses to use this way. She instead uses her analogy of deception (...)
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  45. The Role of Power in Social Explanation.Torsten Menge - 2018 - European Journal of Social Theory 21 (1):22 - 38.
    Power is often taken to be a central concept in social and political thought that can contribute to the explanation of many different social phenomena. This article argues that in order to play this role, a general theory of power is required to identify a stable causal capacity, one that does not depend on idiosyncratic social conditions and can thus exert its characteristic influence in a wide range of cases. It considers three promising strategies for such a theory, which ground (...)
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  46.  53
    Repetition effects to sounds: evidence for predictive coding in the auditory system.Torsten Baldeweg - 2006 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10 (3):93-94.
  47.  32
    Introduction: Aesthetics of finance.Torsten Andreasen, Mikkel Krause Frantzen & Frederik Tygstrup - 2020 - Nordic Journal of Aesthetics 29 (60):4-9.
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  48.  17
    Cyberspace othering and marginalisation in the context of Saudi Arabian culture: A socio-pragmatic perspective.Anna Danielewicz-Betz - 2013 - Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 9 (2):275-299.
    This paper is about “othering” in cyberspace. The roots of othering of non-Muslims in Saudi Arabia are seen in the perception of umma as special and superior, therefore automatically categorising “non-believers” as “other”. The in-group and out-group demarcation strategies and consequent marginalisation are considered from both perspectives as bilateral and mutually exclusive. The focus is placed on othering e-space, where marginalised voices can be heard via virtual communication. The effects of virtual reality on real life interaction and resulting involvement in (...)
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  49. Experiences gained from developing and integrating an expert system and a modern graphic display system for a swedish nuclear power plant control room.Torsten Foreman & Jan-Erik Stenmark - 1991 - Ai 1991 Frontiers in Innovative Computing for the Nuclear Industry Topical Meeting, Jackson Lake, Wy, Sept. 15-18, 1991 1.
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  50.  48
    Complementation in Representable Theories of Region-Based Space.Torsten Hahmann & Michael Grüninger - 2013 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 54 (2):177-214.
    Through contact algebras we study theories of mereotopology in a uniform way that clearly separates mereological from topological concepts. We identify and axiomatize an important subclass of closure mereotopologies called unique closure mereotopologies whose models always have orthocomplemented contact algebras , an algebraic counterpart. The notion of MT-representability, a weak form of spatial representability but stronger than topological representability, suffices to prove that spatially representable complete OCAs are pseudocomplemented and satisfy the Stone identity. Within the resulting class of contact algebras (...)
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