Cancer survivors are at risk for poor subjective well-being, but the potential beneficial effect of daily spiritual experiences is unknown. Using data from the second and third wave of the Midlife in the United States study, we examined the extent to which daily spiritual experiences at baseline moderate the association between subjective well-being at baseline and approximately 10 years later in cancer survivors. Regression analyses, controlled for age, educational attainment, and religious/spiritual coping, showed that daily spiritual experiences moderated the association (...) between life satisfaction at baseline and follow-up. Specifically, high spiritual experiences enhanced life satisfaction over time in cancer survivors with low life satisfaction at baseline. Also, daily spiritual experiences moderated the association between positive affect at baseline and follow-up, though this moderating effect was different for women and men. No moderating effect emerged for negative affect. (shrink)

Music is a stimulus capable of triggering an array of basic and complex emotions. We investigated whether and how individuals employ music to induce specific emotional states in everyday situations for the purpose of emotion regulation. Furthermore, we wanted to examine whether specific emotion-regulation styles influence music selection in specific situations. Participants indicated how likely it would be that they would want to listen to various pieces of music (which are known to elicit specific emotions) in various emotional situations. Data (...) analyses by means of non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed a clear preference for pieces of music that were emotionally congruent with an emotional situation. In addition, we found that specific emotion-regulation styles might influence the selection of pieces of music characterised by specific emotions. Our findings demonstrate emotion-congruent music selection and highlight the important role of specific emotion-regulation styles in the selection of music in everyday situations. (shrink)

Focusing on the interactions between people suffering from neuromuscular diseases and their wheelchairs, the author raises the question of action: how is action made possible for people suffering from neuromuscular diseases? Starting with actor-network theory, the author shows that action not only results from distribution and delegation to heterogeneous entities but emerges from hard and lengthy work that makes the relation between them possible and transforms the entities involved. The author describes this work, called the process of adjustment, as work (...) on the links making a person, his or her body, and his or her world. Through this work, new possibilities of action emerge for the person, but also new abilities; the person’s identity is transformed and shaped. This analysis leads to a particular conception of the person as made up through his or her relations to other entities. (shrink)

More and more frequently, the organisation of design fits into a project organisation where different designers have to cooperate with flexibility and reactivity. In order to help these cooperative design processes, we have to respond to new types of needs: a relatively unformalised coordination that requires permanent mutual adjustment, the fact that members of the team are geographically distant, the difficulty of building a shared reference via design documents and technical and organisational decisions that structure the project. In order to (...) provide computer support for these needs, asynchronous Group Ware is often recommended. However, the efficiency of these tools depends on the models that structure the work processes and the knowledge exchanged. In this paper, we present ABRICo, a new Design Rationale formalism that permits the recording of cooperative decision-making processes in complex design situations. We describe the formalism and explain how we intend to use it to specify cooperative design tools usable via an Intranet for computing projects. (shrink)

Résumé La littérature hétérolingue serait-elle susceptible de contribuer à une poétique du traduire? Notre investigation, qui nous fera quitter la linguistique pour les théories de l’énonciation puis aborder l’analyse rhétorique en termes d’ ethos, s’achèvera sur l’étude d’une phrase extraite d’ Hijo de hombre, roman guarani-hispanophone du Paraguayen Augusto Roa Bastos (1917-2005). Les trois versions françaises étayeront l’hypothèse selon laquelle chaque traduction est un acte de ré-énonciation où se rejoue le rapport à l’altérité linguistique.

La sexualité préoccupe le Moyen Âge occidental : miroir de la nature peccamineuse de l’homme, elle en révèle le meilleur (tempérance, renoncement) et le pire (appétit, violence). Envisagée dans le seul mariage chrétien, elle est hors de ce cadre adultère, condamnée (juridiquement, judiciairement) et expose les individus à la vindicte populaire. Les lettres de rémission (grâce royale des crimes) des xiv e et xv e siècles témoignent de façon originale de l’impact que le type de conjugalité vécu peut avoir sur (...) les violences sexuelles faites aux femmes. Si les sources sont muettes et absentes sur les violences matrimoniales, isolement, célibat laïc, séparation et adultère exposent les femmes médiévales au viol. Mariée, la femme est appropriée, son corps territorialisé, gardé ; seule ou concubine, elle est mal famée et son corps à prendre. C’est dans ce paradigme que la question du couple et des violences sexuelles se pose alors. (shrink)

Dass sich Hegel und Hermann Cohen trotz scheinbarer Gegensatze miteinander versohnen lassen, ist eine Grunduberzeugung des Werkes von Myriam Bienenstock, welches sich stets durch die doppelte Ausrichtung auf Hegel und das judische Denken auszeichnete. Mit diesem Band wird Myriam Bienenstock, seit 1997 Professorin fur Philosophie an der Universitat Francois Rabelais in Tours, anlasslich ihres 70. Geburtstages geehrt. Mit Beitragen von Dominque Bourel, Bernard Bourgeois, Christophe Bouton, Pierfrancesco Fiorato, Jean-Francois Goubet, Dana Hollander, Helmut Holzhey, Gerhard Kurz, Claudia Melica, Wolfdietrich (...) Schmied-Kowarzik, Ludwig Siep, Guy Stroumsa und Norbert Waszek. (shrink)

L'Essai sur l'être, traduit ci-dessous pour la première fois en français, fut rédigé par Herder en 1763-1764, pendant ses années d'études à Königsberg, à l'écoute de Kant. Reprenant et discutant certains des arguments développés par Kant dans ses conférences et écrits précritiques consacrés à la métaphysique, Herder pose les bases philosophiques de son œuvre future. L'étude du texte permet de réévaluer la thèse, jadis avancée par Dilthey, selon laquelle le futur protagoniste de Jacobi dans le débat sur le spinozisme infléchit (...) alors la pensée vers un « panthéisme esthétique » dont Hölderlin, Schelling et Hegel se feront plus tard les hérauts: le chemin suivi par la philosophie en Allemagne, après Kant, fut d'abord, effectivement, celui de l'esthétique — mais seulement parce que et dans la mesure où cette discipline fut comprise comme la « science du mode de connaissance et d'exposition sensible » (A. G. Baumgarten). Der Versuch über das Sein, hier erstmals in französischer Übersetzung vorgelegt, wurde von Herder in den Jahren 1763-1764 verfaßt, also während seiner Königsberger Studienjahre, als er regelmäßig die Vorlesungen Kants hörte. In der Aufnahme und in der Auseinandersetzung mit bestimmten Argumenten, die Kant in denjenigen seiner vorkritischen Vorlesungen und Schriften entwickelte, die der Metaphysik gewidmet sind, schuf Herder die philosophischen Grundlagen seines zukünftigen Werkes. Die vorliegende Deutung des herderschen Textes führt zu einer Neubewertung der seinerzeit von Dilthey vorgetragenen These, derzufolge dieser (neben Jacobi) zukünftige Hauptakteur im Pantheismusstreit das philosophische Denken in Richtung auf einen « ästhetischen Pantheismus » gebeugt habe, dessen Herolde später Hölderlin, Schelling und Hegel geworden wären. Der Weg der deutschen Philosophie nach Kant war tatsächlich derjenige der Ästhetik — allerdings nur dann, wenn diese Disziplin als die Wissenschaft, die das Sinnliche wahrnimmt und darstellt (A. G. Baumgarten), verstanden wird. (shrink)

Ob “nicht etwa eine vernünftigere Anordnung von Kreisen zu finden sei, von welchen alle erscheinende Ungleichmäßigkeit abhinge”, ist die Frage, die Copernicus umtreibt. Eine einheitliche, eine systematische Berechnung aller Planetenbewegungen – auch der der sogenannten irrenden Sterne – sucht Copernicus durch die Einführung einer Hypothese, die über eine bloß mathematische Annahme hinausgeht, zu begründen. Die Erkenntnis der einheitlichen Weltgestalt und des festen Ebenmaßes ihrer Teile hat die Annahme eines die systematische Einheit konstituierenden Prinzips zur Voraussetzung. Als dieses Prinzip versteht Copernicus (...) die Erdbewegung. So schließt Copernicus, daß entweder die Erde nicht ruhe oder eine vernünftige Ordnung der Planeten nicht zu begründen sei. Für Bruno und Schelling ist das Prinzip zur Ordnung des Universums keine mathematische Hypothese, sondern ein naturphilosophisches Prinzip. Schelling schließt sich Bruno in der Behauptung an, daß eine Ordnung nur unter der Voraussetzung möglich sei, daß das Subjekt wie das Objekt der Ordnung sich auf ein Prinzip zurückführen ließen. Damit droht die Kopernikanische Wende auf den Kopf gestellt zu werden. (shrink)

Why should Gordon Kaufman's mid-career theological method be of renewed interest to contemporary theists? Two distinguishing characteristics of the West today are its increasing religious pluralism and the growing numbers of theists who rely on hybrid approaches to construct concepts of God. Kaufman's method is well suited to this current state of affairs because it is open to diverse religious and theological perspectives and to perspectives from science and secular humanism. It also militates against the weaknesses inherent to hybrid approaches—ad (...) hoc constructs of God unable to motivate their holders to overcome human self-centeredness and so to contribute to the well-being and fulfillment of others. It achieves this by providing checks to reduce the risk of producing human-writ-large God-constructs. Lastly, Kaufman's method provides criteria to help theists identify humane and humanizing experiences, relationships, concepts, images, and texts (i.e., the basic material from which God-constructs are fashioned) from the plethora of options available, whether religious, cultural, or secular. (shrink)

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To examine differences in nursing care received by patients with breast cancer enrolled in clinical trials and those not enrolled in clinical trials. DESIGN: Retrospective review of clinic charts. SETTING: Oncology outpatient department of a tertiary-care hospital. SAMPLE: 90 women with early stage breast cancer. The mean age of the women was 53 years. More than half of the women (51 of 90) were treated in a clinical trial. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of all the nurse-patient clinic encounters for (...) a six-month period from date of cancer diagnosis. The content of each encounter was coded using a modified version of the Nursing Action Classification System. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Nursing interventions (i.e., assessment, medical scheduling, psychosocial scheduling, reassurance, and teaching) and phone calls. FINDINGS: Women enrolled in clinical trials had more phone interactions with nursing staff (p = 0.003) and received teaching (p < 0.001) and reassurance (p = 0.005) from nursing staff more often than women not enrolled in clinical trials. Controlling for age and stage of disease, teaching (p < 0.001), and reassurance (p = 0.10) were the primary differences in nursing care between the patients enrolled in clinical trials and those not enrolled. CONCLUSION: Differences in nursing care received exist between patients with breast cancer enrolled in clinical trials and those not enrolled. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Both teaching and reassurance are important components of caring for patients with cancer and are associated with treatment compliance. If the results of this study are confirmed, measures must be employed to ensure that all patients receive optimal care. (shrink)

Den Begriff ‚Anerkennung‘ hat der deutsch-jüdische Denker Franz Rosenzweig benutzt, um sein Verlangen nach einem gegenseitigen Verhältnis zwischen Christentum und Judentum auszudrücken, das auch die theoretische Anerkennung des Judentums seitens der Christen beinhalten würde. Auf den Terminus ‚Anerkennung‘ griff Rosenzweig aber weder in seinen frühen Hegelstudien zurück noch in der Dialogphilosophie, die er stiftete. Sein dialogisches Denken erarbeitete er eher als eine Offenbarungsphilosophie, in welcher ein ‚Ich‘ erst mittels der Antwort auf den Anruf eines ‚Andern‘ entstehen würde.

È un onore per me, e nello stesso tempo un grande piacere, aprire il convegno su Franz Rosenzweig e il futuro del suo «nuovo pensiero». Permettetemi, in qualità di Presidentessa dell’Internationale Rosenzweig-Gesellschaft, di presentare i miei ringraziamenti e la mia gratitudine – e quelli della Società – alle autorità accademiche dell’Università di Chieti-Pescara e agli organizzatori dell’evento. Vorrei anche cogliere l’occasione di questo Convegno per richiamare il ricordo della nostra Presidentessa onoraria, Rivka Horwitz, deceduta di recente, il 4 gennaio 2007, (...) a Gerusalemme. Riwka Horwitz, che partecipava attivamente a tutti i nostri incontri – mi ricordo della sua presenza e dei suoi interventi a Kassel, ma anche a Tempe, in Arizona –, ha ancora potuto partecipare al nostro Convegno di Gerusalemme, ed è con sorpresa, e con molta tristezza, che abbiamo saputo della sua scomparsa. Veniva dalla Germania: nata nel 1929 a Bad Homburg, era emigrata fin dal 1933 in Palestina, ed è in Israele che aveva scelto di vivere ed insegnare – soprattutto all’Università Ben Gurion, a Beer Sheva, dal 1975. Ma dopo la guerra non aveva neppure avuto timore di tornare in Germania e di interessarsi là delle tracce dell’eredità ebraica. Questo fatto manifestava già il carattere intrepido che mi ha sempre colpito in lei: è necessario ad una donna – soprattutto una donna che, come lei, veniva dal mondo ebraico ortodosso e praticante – per pretendere di farsi strada in un Paese ostile, un Paese che dovette apparirle ostile, e che lo era, senza alcun dubbio, per molti versi. (shrink)

Consacré à la section de L’Étoile intitulée « Le nom propre », cet article fait aussi ressortir l’influence sur Rosenzweig, à côté de Luther, de Samson Rafael Hirsch, dans sa traduction et son commentaire du Pentateuque. « L’appel du nom propre » de Rosenzweig sert ensuite de base à une réflexion sur la notion de « devoir de mémoire » : toujours adressé à quelqu’un, jamais abstraitement universel, ce devoir est également de nature éthique, c’est-à-dire politique.Un devoir de mémoire : (...) les nomsCentered upon the section of The Star... entitled « The proper name », this paper also brings out the influence upon Rosenzweig of Samson Rafael Hirsch, in his translation and commentary of the Pentateuch. Rosenzweig’s « Call of the proper name » is then used as a point of departure for reflecting upon the « duty to remember » : this duty, which is always turned towards a singularity and never abstractly universal, also is ethical in nature, i.e., political. (shrink)

Le tragique n'est pas uniquement à l'Age classique une catégorie théâtrale ; il est également un concept philosophique, et si pour des auteurs comme Corneille ou Racine, il est une donnée littéraire reçue de l'Antiquité, il est chez des philosophes comme Descartes, Pascal ou Spinoza, un concept à construire ou à élaborer. Cette relation idéale entre hommes de théâtre et philosophes a un enjeu important : quelles solutions apporter au tragique?

Les figurations diverses de la rationalité dans la correspondance de Spinoza n’ont pas qu’une valeur pédagogique ; paraissent-elles singulières, ce sont autant de déclinaisons du spinozisme. On y ressaisit les difficultés que le système a rencontrées auprès de publics divers; difficultés qu’illustrent les postures irrationnelles de bien des correspondants. La correspondance, en marge de l’œuvre, expose la définition spinoziste de la philosophie et en souligne l’originalité ; ne perdant jamais de vue l’idée d’adéquation, elle noue de façon unique les rapports (...) entre spinozisme, tradition et cartésianisme, entre le philosophe et la cité. La rationalité produite dans les lettres conduit à réexaminer des questions traitées dans l’œuvre : la définition intervient comme un élément important du dispositif rationnel et le présage s’y donne comme n’étant pas dénué non plus de rationalité. Le dynamisme et la force de cette philosophie rendent raison d’échanges souvent inféconds et violents, comme ceux avec Burgh, Blyenbergh et Boxel : ils nous confrontent à un Spinoza intransigeant sur ses principes rationnels et qui ne pouvait composer ni avec les dogmes de la religion ni avec l’opinion. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to extend the classical sequent calculusLC to the second order. This task is realized by a semantical approach mixing the correlation spaces semantics ofLC on the one hand, and the analogy with the interpretation of systemF in coherent spaces on the other hand. This relies on the introduction of a new semantical object:noetherian correlation spaces.From the semantics we deduce the syntax of the second order classical sequent calculusLC2.

Current approaches to cyber-security are not working. Rather than producing more security, we seem to be facing less and less. The reason for this is a multi-dimensional and multi-faceted security dilemma that extends beyond the state and its interaction with other states. It will be shown how the focus on the state and “its” security crowds out consideration for the security of the individual citizen, with detrimental effects on the security of the whole system. The threat arising from cyberspace to (...) (national) security is presented as possible disruption to a specific way of life, one building on information technologies and critical functions of infrastructures, with relatively little consideration for humans directly. This non-focus on people makes it easier for state actors to militarize cyber-security and (re-)assert their power in cyberspace, thereby overriding the different security needs of human beings in that space. Paradoxically, the use of cyberspace as a tool for national security, both in the dimension of war fighting and the dimension of mass-surveillance, has detrimental effects on the level of cyber-security globally. A solution out of this dilemma is a cyber-security policy that is decidedly anti-vulnerability and at the same time based on strong considerations for privacy and data protection. Such a security would have to be informed by an ethics of the infosphere that is based on the dignity of information related to human beings. (shrink)

Background In June 2016, the Parliament of Canada passed federal legislation allowing eligible adults to request Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID). Since its implementation, there likely exists a degree of hesitancy among some healthcare providers due to the law being inconsistent with personal beliefs and values. It is imperative to explore how nurses in Quebec experience the shift from accompanying palliative clients through “a natural death” to participating in “a premeditated death.” Research question/aim/objectives This study aims to explore how Quebec (...) nurses personally and professionally face the new practice of MAID and their role evolution. Research design A grounded theory design was used. Participants and research context We recruited 37 nurses who participated in or coordinated at least one MAID. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted and audiotaped. Data collection and analysis followed Strauss and Corbin steps. Ethical considerations Ethics approval was received from the investigator’s affiliated University. Participants were informed regarding the research goal, signed a written consent, and were assigned pseudonyms. Findings/results Results show that nurses experienced the wide range of paradoxe during MAID centering around the following eight elements: 1) confrontation abouth death, 2) choice, 3) time of death, 4) emotional load, 5) new Bill, 6) relationship with the person, 7) communication skills, and 8) healthcare setting. The shifting of views and values in this new role is presented by the contradiction of opposites. Conclusions A better understanding of the paradox experienced by nurses involved with MAID paves the way for the development of interventions. (shrink)

Pour une part, les récents échanges sur l’esclavage ont eu l’intérêt de faire émerger un phénomène historique raturé depuis le XIXe siècle. Alors que l’historiographie se saisit cycliquement de grandes questions à la faveur des commémorations nationales, comme ces derniers temps la Grande Guerre ou la Shoah, en ce qui concerne l’esclavage il n’en est rien. Passe le temps, demeure le silence.

Résumé En 1975, la loi inscrit l’IVG dans la juridiction de la médecine, investie comme instrument du contrôle social dans la régulation des naissances. La demande d’IVG demeurait pensée comme phénomène relevant de la pathologie. Cependant, une normalisation de cette activité s’opère dans le système de soins avec l’évolution de l’encadrement réglementaire et des techniques de prise en charge. Notamment, les sages-femmes sont enrôlées dans le réagencement des formes de l’action publique en la matière. Leur champ de compétence est élargi. (...) Ces nouvelles définitions de l’expertise médicale en santé sexuelle et reproductive donnent lieu à des délibérations sur les conceptions de la pratique abortive. L’association nationale des sages-femmes orthogénistes (ANSFO) se saisit de cette opportunité pour renforcer la légitimité du groupe professionnel, en opérant un travail cognitif de « physiologisation » de l’IVG. (shrink)

O tema dos estágios da existência perpassa toda a produção de Kierkegaard. Ele teve sempre o cuidado de mostrar que estético, ético e religioso não são etapas que acontecem apartadas uma da outra, como num modelo sistemático, mas acontecem ao mesmo tempo, uma vez que se dão na existência e se realizam enquanto existência. Mas, em termos da construção de um pensamento clínico em psicologia, o que seria importante ainda se entender acerca dos estágios? Que relação ainda podemos fazer entre (...) as caracterizações e personificações, às quais Kierkegaard, sob pseudônimo ou não, lança mão para apresentar os estágios? E, finalmente, como essa questão perpassa um pensamento clínico ou um pensamento existencial em psicologia? Nosso objetivo com este texto é responder a estas questões. Começaremos por esclarecer o sentido de comunicação indireta no projeto de Kierkegaard. Em seguida, apresentaremos as caracterizações dos diferentes estágios para, então, esclareceremos o sentido de tarefa por meio da apresentação de algumas personificações dos estágios. Por fim, pensaremos as repercussões para um pensamento clínico em psicologia. Veremos que Kierkegaard recorre aos estágios e suas personificações ambicionando tirar o leitor de seu modo confortável de pensar e agir. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente artículo pretende exponer algunos elementos fundamentales de la filosofía del pensador francés Michel Henry sobre el cuerpo, que él identifica con la subjetividad. Los conceptos fundamentales considerados son el esfuerzo, el movimiento, el hábito y la memoria, que permiten definir el cuerpo como un saber y una experiencia trascendental. La mayoría de estos conceptos se derivan de los estudios de Henry sobre Maine de Biran, pero luego son enlazados con su propio desarrollo filosófico en torno al cuerpo (...) como pathos de la carne viviente. El trabajo de Henry sobre el cuerpo puede contribuir con elementos cruciales a las discusiones actuales en las ciencias sociales, en áreas como el género, el trabajo, la violencia, la construcción de la autoimagen y los estereotipos sociales, el cuidado de la salud, entre otros.: This article aims to expose some fundamental elements of the French philosopher Michel Henry’s thinking about the body, which he identifies with subjectivity. The fundamental concepts considered are effort, movement, habit, and memory, which permits to define the body as a transcendental knowledge and experience. Most of these concepts derived from Henry’s studies on Maine de Biran but with a particular emphasis, relating them with his notion of the body as the pathos of living flesh. Henry’s concept of the body can contribute with crucial elements to the actual discussions in social sciences, in areas such as gender, work, violence, the construction of self-image and social stereotypes, health care, among others. (shrink)