Con el avance de las tecnologías digitales, es fundamental que los canales de comunicación de los organismos gubernamentales estén respaldados por mecanismos que garanticen a los ciudadanos un acceso eficiente a la información deseada. En los sitios web institucionales, la organización del contenido juega un papel crucial para garantizar la accesibilidad a la información y promover una democracia más participativa. Se trata de un estudio que analiza la estructura de navegación del sitio web de la Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa (...) do Estado de Alagoas (Fapeal), utilizando principios de arquitectura de la información para evaluar criterios de accesibilidad y transparencia. (shrink)

A teoria da implicatura constitui o principal legado de Paul Grice aos modernos estudos da pragmática linguística. Embora associado à filosofia da linguagem ordinária, seu pensamento não se apresenta marcado pela aversão à sistematização teórica que, segundo se diz, caracterizou essa corrente filosófica. Pelo contrário, a obra do filósofo inglês, apesar de dispersa em artigos só postumamente reunidos em livro, constitui um esforço coerente e rigoroso de analisar os princípios que explicam o comportamento racional do homem. Este ensaio oferece uma (...) tentativa de interpretação da análise que ele propôs para o fenômeno da implicatura, buscando integrar tal análise, progressivamente, ao quadro mais geral de sua filosofia da linguagem e de sua psicologia filosófica. De passagem, é sugerida uma aproximação, quanto aos propósitos, entre o programa filosófico de Grice e certa ensaística crítica do poeta argentino Jorge Luis Borges, sugestão talvez surpreendente, mas que pode se mostrar instrutiva. (shrink)

Política y perdón / Jacques Derrida / - Hacia una cultura del perdón / Christian Schumacher / - La práctica del perdón en el judaísmo, el cristianismo y el Islam / - Alfredo Goldsmith / - La cultura del perdón como factor de construcción social / Oscar Lara Melo / - Venganza y transformación. Notas para una antropología de la venganza / Roberto Pinesa Camacho / - Venganza y cultura en Bogotá / Arturo Laguado / - El perdón jurídico (...) a la luz de la constitución colombiana y del derecho internacional / Marco Gerardo Monroy Cabra / - El perdón entre razón y no razón / Darío Botero / - La ética del perdón / Camila de Gamboa / - La obligación moral de recordar / Pablo de Greiff / - Perdón y proceso de reconciliación / Jorge Orlando Melo / - Castigo, perdón y reconciliación : el caso de Sudáfrica / David Crocker / - Una opinión pública sólida para la reconciliación y la reconstrucción nacional / Fabio López de la Roche / - Proceso de paz y construcción de región / Francisco de Roux / - Lo públ... (shrink)

This is the first book-length study of Descartes's metaphysics to place it in its immediate historical context, the Late Scholastic philosophy of thinkers such as Suárez against which Descartes reacted. Jorge Secada views Cartesian philosophy as an 'essentialist' reply to the 'existentialism' of the School, and his discussion includes careful analyses and original interpretations of such central Cartesian themes as the role of scepticism, intentionality and the doctrine of the material falsity of ideas, universals and the relation between sense (...) and understanding, causation and the proofs of the existence of God, the theory of substance, and the dualism of mind and matter. His study offers a picture of Descartes's metaphysics that is both novel and philosophically illuminating. (shrink)

This book explores the clinical processes of psychoanalysis by charting modern developments in logic and applying them to the study of insight. Offering an epistemic approach to clinical psychoanalysis this book places value on the clinical interpretations of both the analysand and analyst and engages in a critique on purely linguistic approaches to psychoanalysis, which forsake crucial dimensions of clinical practice. Drawing on the work of key twentieth century thinkers including Jerome Richfield, Ignacio Matte-Blanco, Gregory Bateson and the pioneering contribution (...) on insight made by James Strachey, topics of discussion include: the structure and role of clinical interpretation interpretation and creationism body, meaning and language logical levels and transference. As such, this book will be of great interest to all those in the psychoanalytic field, in particular those wanting to learn more about the study of insight and its relationship to clinical processes of psychoanalysis. (shrink)

El hecho de que la doctrina de la justificación llegara a convertirse en el núcleo teológico fundamental de la Reforma y la tradición protestante ha estado estrechamente vinculado al descubrimiento de la justicia de Dios como acontecimiento de salvación. El presente artículo explora los límites de las concepciones clásicas de justicia con las que Martín Lutero se encontró en su tiempo, y el modo en que la lectura de la Epístola a los romanos propició una nueva comprensión de la _iustitia (...) Dei _y, consecuentemente, de la justificación por la fe_. _Al situar al Evangelio como clave interpretativa, se produce un desbordamiento de las nociones de justicia heredadas de la tradición filosófica en la medida que se retorna a las fuentes bíblicas. Este giro hermenéutico fue mucho más que un hecho anecdótico; representó un punto de inflexión no solamente para la labor de Lutero como reformador, sino también para el posterior desarrollo de la teología protestante. (shrink)

In recent years, at least in the so-called western societies, a clear trend has been established to consume products that aim to promote a state of nostalgia in the consumer: fashion, cinema, television... everything that concerns mass consumption, in its aesthetics, it dresses with elements that try to evoke part of its target's past, and it works. In this article we will analyse, understanding consumption only as the most obvious expression, what motivates us to seek stimuli that evoke the past, (...) what pushes us to it and how much does the state of anguish to which the type of circumstance draws us have to do with it that we live. We will try to demonstrate how nostalgia, beyond topics, is offered as the most accessible and effective refuge to temporarily mask that anguish caused by a medium perceived as inhospitable and fragmented, and without the need to renounce itself. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o conceito de vivência (Erlebnis) na filosofia de Nietzsche, desde o seu primeiro emprego em língua alemã, seu significado e a recepção que Nietzsche faz da palavra no interior da sua filosofia. O conceito de Erlebnis, particularmente caro à filosofia de Nietzsche, mas também à fenomenologia, possui originariamente uma tríplice significação: a) a imediatez (Unmittelbarkeit) entre homem e mundo; b) a significabilidade (Bedeutsamkeit) para o caráter global da existência; e c) a incomensurabilidade (Inkommensurabilität) do (...) conteúdo da própria vivência, conferindo a ela também uma dimensão estética. A tríplice significação de Erlebnis implica na sua estreita associação a pathos. This paper aims to analyze the concept of experience (Erlebnis) in the Nietzsche's philosophy, since its first use into the German language, its meaning and reception of Nietzsche inside his philosophy. The concept of Erlebnis, especially dear to the philosophy of Nietzsche, but also to phenomenology, originally has a triple meaning: a) the immediacy (Unmittelbarkeit) between man and world, b) meaningfulness (Bedeutsamkeit) to the global nature of existence and c) incommensurability (Inkommensurabilität) of the experience's content itself, giving it also an aesthetic dimension. The threefold meaning of Erlebnis implies its close association with pathos. (shrink)

In previous works, an ontology of properties for quantum mechanics has been proposed, according to which quantum systems are bundles of properties with no principle of individuality. The aim of the present article is to show that, since quasi-set theory is particularly suited for dealing with aggregates of items that do not belong to the traditional category of individual, it supplies an adequate meta-language to speak of the proposed ontology of properties and its structure.

The ultimate utility of science is widely agreed upon: the comprehension of reality. But there is much controversy about what scientific understanding actually means, and how we should proceed in order to gain new scientific understanding. Is there a method for acquiring new scientific knowledge? Is this method unique and universal? There has been no shortage of proposals, but neither has there been a shortage of skeptics about these proposals. This article proffers for discussion a potential scientific method that aspires (...) to be unique and universal and is rooted in the recent and ancient history of scientific thinking. Curiously, conclusions can be inferred from this scientific method that also concern education and the transmission of science to others. (shrink)

In the 10 years after the launch of the United Nations Global Compact (GC), there have been very few empirical assessments of the initiative in the academic literature. In this study, drawing from institutional theory and the resource-based view of the firm, we examine motivations of business participants to adopt the GC principles in the Spanish context. Using survey data from Spain – the country reporting the highest volume of business participants in the GC – we find that external institutional (...) forces as well as internal organisational resources shape motivations for adopting GC principles. In particular, we find that early and late adopters are motivated similarly by the perceived opportunity of achieving image gains, while late adopters are motivated more by economic gains than early adopters. We further find that regardless of the extent of internal intangible resources possessed, firms are similarly motivated by economic gains. The results also show that companies with more intangible resources are motivated more by image gains than those with fewer resources. Our findings indicate that contrary to its earlier days, economic gains have emerged as an important motivator for the adopters of the GC principles with image gains still being an important motivator. (shrink)

The main objective of this article is to provide a critique of the pandemic strategy suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) and implemented by various countries from March 2020 onwards in the wake of the coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Based on the theories of Michel Foucault, this critique aims to show that, in the first instance, the pandemic may be understood in terms of the art of governing human beings at the point of interaction between politics and medicine; (...) secondly, in Foucauldian terminology, such interaction may be referred to as ‘noso-politics’, that is, a mechanism used to control the body of the population via authoritarian measures exercised in the name of the health of the population; thirdly, such a mechanism exercises its power by invoking a mechanistic truth about the SARS-CoV-2 virus which may be countered by an argument that takes a historical perspective on the virus; fourthly, the pandemic strategy may be opposed by a syndemic approach that takes into account interactions between emerging diseases such as COVID-19 and non-communicable illnesses, as well as the biological and socio-economic conditions that the well-being of the population depends on. In short, by providing a critique of the politics of truth about the pandemic, the virus, and health measures, the article aims to encourage a critical attitude that will challenge both the authorities and the truth they invoke to prevent the pandemic strategy being used as a mechanism for governing, given the predictions of the recurrent emergence of new viruses. (shrink)

Resumo : o objetivo do trabalho é analisar a crítica de Nietzsche à razáo ocidental bem como aos elementos epistemológicos que fornecem suporte à racionalidade. Através do mapeamento de alguns textos do último período de produçáo filosófica de Nietzsche, esse estudo parte da associaçáo entre razáo e décadence através de uma trajetória que começa com Sócrates e que se desdobra ao longo da modernidade, a fim de constatar a maneira pela qual um determinado processo decadencial resulta na "perversáo da razáo", (...) isto é, numa dinâmica decadente da razáo que congrega duas grandes corrupções: a "fetichizaçáo" das categorias da razáo e o engano que os filósofos do conhecimento incorrem quando se emaranham nas "teias da gramática". As análises procuram indicar tanto um Nietzsche fisio-psicólogo quanto um Nietzsche linguista e filólogo. Palavras-chave : Fisio-psicologia; Ilusáo gramatical; Racionalidade. (shrink)

Mereology deals with the study of the relations between wholes and parts. In this work we will discuss different developments and open problems related to the formulation of a quantum mereology. In particular, we will discuss different advances in the development of formal systems aimed to describe the whole-parts relationship in the context of quantum theory.

Resenha do livro de Erickson, Glenn W.; e Fossa, John A.. A linha dividida : uma abordagem matemática à filosofia platônica . Rio de Janeiro: Relume Dumará, 2006. 186 páginas. [Coleçáo Metafísica, n. 4].

This paper makes reading a key theme explored by Jürgen Habermas – The depoliticization of the public sphere – in the epistemological perspective. In this way, the depoliticization is characterized by conducting scientific practice policy with the use of technical knowledge to influence the public sphere in its political practice; the idea that positivist knowledge, reduce to a mere instrument of science and technology, incorporates in the public sphere. This is an analysis of the process of modernization and rationalization, revealing (...) the false personification of reason in modern science and bourgeois political institutions. The progressive rationalization of modern society did penetrate the criteria of instrumental action, inevitably, also in the public sphere, in a progressive influence of technical systems on the institutional framework of society, reducing the practical problems to a solution of technical rationality. In the public sphere, political praxis dissolves into political technique. Whit the scientific conduct of practical politics, there is the emptying of the practical activity and the political discussions fall outside the scope of public discussion. The substitutions of practical for technical reasons to exclude these practical issues of the discussion from the public sphere. Thus politics, when to convert into technical task, excludes any possibility of a communicative sphere linguistically sanctioned. The paper is divided into three sections: the resumption of the transition from classical to modern political doctrine of political science (1); the scientific aspect of the policy, the political implications of scientific rationality in practical life, excluding practical issues from the public sphere (2); and the relationship between technical progress and social lifeworld (3). (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza las cuestiones políticas del pensamiento de Jan Patočka a través de la perspectiva de lo impolítico, siguiendo especialmente la teorización que Roberto Esposito otorga sobre este enfoque. En primer lugar, se examina la figura de la persona espiritual como agente y defensor de una “política no-política”, quien aborda la problematicidad del sentido de forma comprometida con la comunidad y allende de cualquier interpretación místico-religiosa. En segundo lugar, se expone una afinidad entre los conceptos patočkianos de platonismo negativo, (...) guerra y solidaridad de los conmovidos con el leitmotiv de lo impolítico. Se concluye defendiendo un sentido “impolítico” del Estado en la obra de Patočka a partir de su lectura sobre la fundación de la Primera Républica Checoslovaca. (shrink)

A partir de lo sostenido por Aristóteles en el texto conclusivo del capítulo sexto del libro noveno de la Metafísica, donde describe la noción de acto distinguiendo la actividad anímica respecto del movimiento físico, parece viable sostener la tesis acerca de la extratemporalidad del pensar, al menos respecto del tiempo del cosmos.

Johann Gustav Droysen fue no sólo uno de los historiadores más importantes de la Alemania de su tiempo, sino también uno de los teóricos de la historia más influyentes en la tradición hermenéutica de las ciencias del espíritu. Discípulo de Hegel y maestro de Dilthey, Droysen elaboró una ¿histórica¿ que pretendía exponer ¿las leyes de la investigación y del saber históricos¿. La histórica de Droysen es dos cosas a la vez: una filosofía material de la historia y una metodología hermenéutica (...) de la ciencia histórica. El presente artículo expone estos dos aspectos. (shrink)

Hay toda una teología de la historia contenida los salmos; pero una teología que acontece en el acto mismo de la oración, comunitaria, canónica, litúrgica. Por eso hay que rastrearla en los textos que le ponían palabras a esta plegaria. Partiendo del supuesto de una redacción planificada del Salterio, este trabajo se concentrará en el libro IV del Salterio, porque allí se constata un giro decisivo en el lenguaje, que corresponde a una redefinición de las esperanzas de Israel. En el (...) marco de este libro cuarto, se estudiará el grupo de los Salmos 93-100 centrado en la imagen de Yhwh rey y se buscará descubrir finalmente la estructuración del espacio y del tiempo que subyace a los Sal 96 y 98 que constituyen las piezas más conspicuas de este grupo. Sobre esta base se espera entender mejor la relación entre liturgia e historia. (shrink)

El propósito del artículo es invitar a una reflexión acerca de las razones por las cuales la Ciencia de la Lógica y la Fenomenología del Espíritu han tenido una recepción sumamente desigual entre los lectores y críticos de Hegel. La manera en la cual el artículo trata de ponderar esta asimetría se distancia de las interpretaciones que optan por la comparación temática, la cual centra su atención en las líneas de continuidad de una obra a otra y, en cambio, el (...) artículo se pregunta hasta qué punto el carácter marginal de la lógica se debe a que la exigencia crítica que procura llevar a cabo la demanda de que el pensar se reconozca a sí mismo como el territorio en el que se establecen los límites desde los cuales nos orientamos en la experiencia supone un movimiento que ponga fuera de circulación el modo de operación de la conciencia.The article invites to engage in a reflection about the reasons underlyingthe radically different critical reception of the Phenomenology of spiritand the Science of Logic. The pathway through which that asymmetry will beassessed attempts to set itself away from those interpretations aimed to buildtrack down the conceptual changes between each one of the works. Insteadthe article sets in motion the following question: what if the place of the Logicshows the difficulty of assuming the task commanded by critique? Such a task124 episteme ns, vol. 31, nº 2, 2011, pp. 123-143concerns how thinking is obligated to recognize its own doing in the production of the limits from which we are able to orient ourselves within experience. However in this self-reflective enterprise a difficulty emerges because of the way it involves the activation of a movement which brackets out the ordinary structure of consciousness. (shrink)

The current economic crisis, unsustainable growth, and financial scandals invite reflection on the role of universities in professional training, particularly those who have to manage businesses. This study analyzes the main factors that might determine the extent to which Spanish organizational management educators use corporate social responsibility (CSR) or business ethics stand-alone subjects to equip students with alternative views on business. A web content analysis and non-parametric mean comparison statistics of the curricula of undergraduate degrees in all universities in Spain (...) were conducted. The main conclusion of this paper is related to the Bologna effect in Spanish universities. Comparing our results with prior research in this matter, it is demonstrated that the main reason that explains the increase of CSR and ethical education in Spain is the Bologna process and its adaptation to the European Higher Education Area. Also, private universities in Spain are more likely to require an ethics course than public universities. Other factors, such as size, political orientation, or related to CSR chairs are not statistically explanatory of CSR and ethical education. (shrink)

One can expect a scientific journal to fulfill the purpose of disseminating research results, spreading works and new ideas and, now more than ever, franking space for the fruitful exchange among institutions under the dictum of the knowledge’s internationalization. Honoring its commitment as an academical philosophy journal, the present issue of the Aoristo - International Journal of Phenomenology, Hermeneutics and Metaphysics assumes the three afore mentioned missions, with emphasis on the last one.

This paper addresses two of the objections that can be raised against the presence of a project of social philosophy in Negative Dialectics. First, I argue that the continuity of Adorno’s social diagnosis with Lukács’ theory of reification should be nuanced by interpreting the core of his social theory as an analysis of the process of subsumption that occurs with the autonomization of social objectivity. Secondly, I present the notion of constellation as the core of Adorno’s epistemological argument in Negative (...) Dialectics and I challenge the idea of an incompatibility between the negative dialectic and social sciences. This is pursued through a discussion of the relation with Max Weber’s ideal types and the affinity between Adorno’s epistemological program and the theoretical models of Edward P. Thompson and David Harvey. (shrink)