The objective of Working Group 4 of the COST Action NET4Age-Friendly is to examine existing policies, advocacy, and funding opportunities and to build up relations with policy makers and funding organisations. Also, to synthesize and improve existing knowledge and models to develop from effective business and evaluation models, as well as to guarantee quality and education, proper dissemination and ensure the future of the Action. The Working Group further aims to enable capacity building to improve interdisciplinary participation, to promote knowledge (...) exchange and to foster a cross-European interdisciplinary research capacity, to improve cooperation and co-creation with cross-sectors stakeholders and to introduce and educate students SHAFE implementation and sustainability. To enable the achievement of the objectives of Working Group 4, the Leader of the Working Group, the Chair and Vice-Chair, in close cooperation with the Science Communication Coordinator, developed a template to map the current state of SHAFE policies, funding opportunities and networking in the COST member countries of the Action. On invitation, the Working Group lead received contributions from 37 countries, in a total of 85 Action members. The contributions provide an overview of the diversity of SHAFE policies and opportunities in Europe and beyond. These were not edited or revised and are a result of the main areas of expertise and knowledge of the contributors; thus, gaps in areas or content are possible and these shall be further explored in the following works and reports of this WG. But this preliminary mapping is of huge importance to proceed with the WG activities. In the following chapters, an introduction on the need of SHAFE policies is presented, followed by a summary of the main approaches to be pursued for the next period of work. The deliverable finishes with the opportunities of capacity building, networking and funding that will be relevant to undertake within the frame of Working Group 4 and the total COST Action. The total of country contributions is presented in the annex of this deliverable. (shrink)

In _Suppose and Tell_, Williamson makes a new case for the material conditional account. He tries to explain away apparently countervailing data by arguing that these have been misinterpreted because researchers have overlooked the role of heuristics in the processing of conditionals. Cases involving the receipt of apparently conflicting conditionals play an important dialectical role in Williamson’s book: they are supposed to provide evidence for the material conditional account as well as for the defeasibility of a key procedure underlying our (...) everyday assessments of conditionals. We argue that they can serve neither of these purposes and that Williamson overestimates the reach of heuristics. We specifically challenge Williamson’s assumption that, in the kind of cases centrally at issue in his book, the recipient of conflicting conditionals will typically accept those at face value, even granting Williamson that conditionals can be freely passed among speakers under normal conditions of testimony. (shrink)

The article focuses on the crucial changes that science as an established social institution and an epistemological enterprise is undergoing, the key one is the loss of its monopoly on the production of socially useful knowledge and gradual transformation into something new, which, due to institutional and cultural reasons, we continue to call ‘science’. We suppose that the most appropriate conceptualization of the new phenomenon, which is replacing science as an institution, is “technoscience”, since the technical component in scientific practices (...) has now taken a dominant position and technology production has become more important than fundamental knowledge. Technoscience has at least two sources: 1) capitalization of scientific activity that has led to classical science has been replaced with technoscience developing on first-priority funded applied research; 2) theorization and autonomy of the techno sphere, which have resulted in instrumentalization of all levels of knowledge production as well as in technological / symbolic construction of reality and tangled ontology of technoscientific objects. We discuss both of these sources, with particular attention being paid to such trends as epistemic strategies transformation, modified reality, social sciences and humanities conformation to technoscience norms, and knowledge bearers egalitarianization. A crucial transformation of both science itself and its position in society breaks inevitably a demarcation line that separates scientific knowledge from other types of knowledge while promotes the replacement of scientific theory with discourses. Apparently, in “technoscience” an ethos of its own is being formed, where interaction with the “external environment” (with other social spheres) is crucial. In this context, scientific activity is becoming more and more transepistemic, transinstitutional practice, and accordingly ceases to be guided by the classical scientific ethos determined by the goals and objectives of academic community itself. (shrink)

Aim. Disclosure of the theoretical and spiritual-practical potential of the philosophy of management in training specialists in the field of public management and administration. Methodology. In the research process there were used such methods as: analysis, synthesis, systemic, comparative, structural-functional and dialectical. The application of the synergistic approach to study management made it possible to consider the latter as a complex and open system. Results. The authors have proved that today the philosophy of management is a theoretical and methodological basis (...) for modern managers’ training. The emphasis is also put on the fact that the philosophy of management is different from the theory of management, since traditional management tries to implement the training program for a single manager, who should independently manage large teams and organizations. The authors are convinced that this statement is utopian nowadays. That is why the philosophy of management should appear as the methodological basis in the new paradigm of training managers of any level. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the scientific discourse, the attempt has been made to establish the status of the philosophy of management as one of the basic and obligatory disciplines in specialists’ training for public and state administration and management. It is proved that the management of any systems becomes effective due to the interaction of three levels, namely: ideological, scientific-methodological and praxeological. The necessity of preparing managers as team members that adequately respond to current social challenges is identified as the main task of modern managerial education. The Practical Value. The research results should set the benchmarks for improving and creating a new system of modern managers’ training, where the manager is not considered as a single leader, but as a member of the team in which everyone is capital. (shrink)

The article highlights the issues of modeling processes of a socio-economic nature, considers the problems and reveals the factors influencing the construction of the model algorithm. In our opinion, studies of economic processes undoubtedly affect the social side of the development of the territory. The scientific novelty lies in the development and testing of new approaches to the construction of a model that allows us to systematically characterize the processes taking place, based on the analysis of the whole, territorial development, (...) in relation to the structure of its parts, including human capital, which will make it possible to create a mechanism that ensures maneuverability in order to effectively use the potential of the region. As a result, an assessment of the current state of affairs for a certain subject of the Russian Federation is given, but some aspects touched upon in the study require an additional information block. The considered structural factors are determined in the share influence, which allows us to conclude about the regulation of processes with external and internal influence. (shrink)

The main purpose of the study is to determine the key aspects of the mechanisms of state management of the exchange of information about cyberattacks, cyber incidents, and information security incidents. The methodology includes a set of theoretical methods. Modern government, on the one hand, must take into account the emergence of such a new weapon as cyber, which can break various information systems, can be used in hybrid wars, influence political events, pose a threat to the national security of (...) any state. As a result of the study, key elements of the mechanisms of state management of the exchange of information about cyberattacks, cyber incidents, and information security incidents were identified. (shrink)

Stress is one of the most powerful experiences to influence health and disease. Through epigenetic mechanisms, stress may generate a footprint that propagates to subsequent generations. Programming by prenatal stress or adverse experience in parents, grandparents, or earlier generations may thus be a critical determinant of lifetime health trajectories. Changes in regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) by stress may enhance the vulnerability to certain pathogenic factors. This review explores the hypothesis that miRNAs represent stress‐responsive elements in epigenetic regulation that are potentially (...) heritable. Recent findings suggest that miRNAs are key players linking adverse early environments or ancestral stress with disease risk, thus they represent useful predictive disease biomarkers. Since miRNA signatures of disease are potentially heritable, big data management platforms will be vital to harness multi‐generational information and capture succinct yet potent biomarkers capable of directing preventative treatments. This feature would offer a unique window of opportunity to advance personalized medicine. (shrink)

The availability of free health care to all citizens has been regarded as a great achievement of the Soviet society. In recent decades, however, decreased funding of the state-run health care system has led to a deterioration in the quality and quantity of available medical equipment and services. More than 50 percent of the Russian population is dissatisfied with the health care system and the attitudes and moral standards of their health care providers. This article discusses the degree, nature, and (...) some of the causes of the public's dissatisfaction and concludes with a preliminary look toward the future of the Russian health care system. (shrink)

This paper summarizes the discussion on technoscience and its key question whether the phenomenon indicated by this term means a radical transformation of science and its replacement with some new social objectification. Based on the remarks of the discussion participants, we raise questions on mathematical rationality contribution in technoscience development, technical (magical) domination on nature (environment) and man as the leitmotif of the New European culture and the connection of techno-science, financial capital and liberal capitalism.

Natural language provides motivation for studying modal backwards-looking operators such as “now”, “then” and “actually” that evaluate their argument formula at some previously considered point instead of the current one. This paper investigates the expressive power over models of both propositional and first-order basic modal language enriched with such operators. Having defined an appropriate notion of bisimulation for first-order modal logic, I show that backwards-looking operators increase its expressive power quite mildly, contrary to beliefs widespread among philosophers of language and (...) formal semanticists. That in turn presents a strong argument for the use of operator-based systems in the semantics of natural language, instead of systems with explicit quantification over worlds and times that have become a de-facto standard for such applications. The popularity of such explicit-quantification systems is shown to be based on the misinterpretation of a claim by Cresswell, which led many philosophers and linguists to assume that introducing “now” and “then” is expressively equivalent to explicitly quantifying over worlds and times. (shrink)

Mindwandering is associated with both positive and negative outcomes. Among the latter, negative mood and negative cognitions have been reported. However, the underlying mechanisms linking mindwandering to negative mood and cognition are still unclear. We hypothesized that MW could either directly enhance negative thinking or indirectly heighten the accessibility of negative thoughts. In an undergraduate sample we measured emotional thoughts during the Sustained Attention on Response Task which induces MW, and accessibility of negative cognitions by means of the Scrambled Sentences (...) Task after the task. We also measured depressive symptoms and rumination. Results show that in individuals with elevated levels of depressive symptoms MW during SART predicts higher accessibility of negative thoughts after the task, rather than negative thinking during the task. These findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of MW and provide insight into the relationship between task-involvement and affect. (shrink)

Neste artigo, analisamos, a partir de grupos focais realizados em Rio de Janeiro, Brasília, Salvador e Manaus, as transformações nas dinâmicas de trabalho de profissionais de comunicação em cenários de desinformação pós-covid-19. Observamos como o local configura modos específicos de lidar com a desinformação e realizar o trabalho de comunicação. Concluímos que, além das experiências sociais diversas, há uma demanda comum pela necessidade de formação específica em comunicação e saúde, bem como pela reversão dos processos acelerados de precarização do trabalho.

Full development of personality under socialism is ensured by the further improvement of the socialist system and the rising cultural and material levels of the Soviet people. The author demonstrates that a new, integrated approach should be taken to the problem of human health in Soviet sociopolitical strategy: the concept of human health should embrace philosophical aspects together with findings of the natural and social sciences. The author looks at the wide range of social, philosophical, and methodological issues which should (...) be taken into account in order to remove the obstacles from the road towards purposeful control of human and social health. Keywords: concept of health, socialism, health care, Marxism-Leninism, USSR, bioethics CiteULike Connotea Del.icio.us What's this? (shrink)

The builders of our new society will concentrate their primary efforts and energy on the improvement of the economic system of socialism, the growth of the productive forces, and the intensification of scientific-technological progress. To what extent it will be possible to accelerate the pace along this unbeaten path will depend on success in mobilizing the vast reserves of the socialist economy.

Name der Zeitschrift: Byzantinische Zeitschrift Jahrgang: 109 Heft: 2 Seiten: 821-836.

Proizvođenje se u Platona određuje kao dovođenje onoga koje prije nije poslije u jestvo. Razlikuje se prije svega ljudsko, umjetno i umjetničko tvorenje, koje tvori nekim izradbenim umijećem, te božansko ili prirodno proizvođenje. U suprotnosti spram osjetilnog proizvođenja, u kojem se proizvodi ono osjetivo i tvarno, proizvod neosjetilnog proizvođenja je ono mislivo samo. Svaki od ta dva vida proizvođenja nadalje može biti nasljedovanje, tj. proizvođenje nasljedaba pretpostavljenog uzora, ili raskrivanje, tj. proizvođenje onoga što samo jest. Proizvođenje se shvaća kao sama (...) bit mišljenja, odnosno kao temeljni odnos između misleće duše, onog mislivog i onog osjetivog. Mišljenje kao raskrivajuće proizvođenje onog mislivog pobliže se određuje kao ograničavanje, miješanje i mjerenje.Das Hervorbringen wird bei Platon als das Werden des früher Nichtseienden später ins Sein bestimmt. Das menschliche, künstliche und künstlerische Hervorbringen, das durch irgendeine herstellende Kunst hervorbringt, unterscheidet sich vom göttlichen oder natürlichen Hervorbringen, welches in seinem Wesen das Erzeugen ist. Im Gegensatz zum sinnlichen Hervorbringen, in welchem etwas Sinnliches hervorgebracht wird, ist das Produkt des unsinnlichen Hervorbringens das Denkbare selbst. Jede von diesen zwei Arten des Hervorbringens teilt sich ferner in das Nachahmen, d.i. das Hervorbringen der Nachahmungen des vorausgesetzten Vorbilds, und das Entbergen, d.i. das Hervorbringen der Sachen selbst. Das Hervorbringen wird als das Wesen des Denkens aufgefasst, bzw. als das Grundverhältniss zwischen der denkenden Seele, des Denkbaren und des Sinnlichen. Das Denken als das entbergende Hervorbringen des Denkbaren wird näher als das Begrenzen, Mischen und Messen bestimmt. (shrink)

Author discusses the problem of the relation between scientific and theological discourses. He argues both against the thesis about science and religion as complementary parts as well as against the thesis that they stay in conflict. He defends the position of the strong separation of theology and science. The author considers three fundamental philosophical problems that mark the difference in rational consideration between science and theology: emergence of the world, foundations of belief and knowledge, modes of scientific and religious discourses. (...) The author claims that the incompatibility in the understanding of the emergence of the world in science and religion lies in the concept of the observer: the “external" observer in theology and the “internal" observer in science. “Experience" in science and “religious experience" have different sources, different criteria for reliability, different existential meaning. Religion and science have different purposes: the domination of man over himself in religions and the domination of man over the outside world in science. Therefore, religion and science use fundamentally various discourses: a descriptive discourse in science and prescriptive discourse in religion. Therefore, I think that the dialogue between religion and science doesn't make any sense neither for religion nor for science. (shrink)

O intuito deste texto é demonstrar que o estudo arendtiano sobre as catástrofes políticas e morais do século XX, representadas em grande medida pela dominação totalitária, envolve-se na tarefa de compreensão dos nossos tempos sem recorrer a quaisquer tipos de fundamentos últimos e tradicionais. A partir de alguns temas presentes em Origens do Totalitarismo, a tentativa é revelar como a constatação da ruptura do fio da tradição do pensamento ocidental – tradição política e ética – proporcionou a Arendt uma nova (...) forma de reflexão a respeito da própria atividade de refletir e, não obstante, um novo entendimento sobre o papel do juízo reflexionante no âmbito dos assuntos humanos e das experiências mundanas. (shrink)

This article examines the philosophy of law of the eminent twentieth-century Russian philosopher of law, Pavel I. Novgorodtsev. I demonstrate that his viewpoints express a dialectic between the nat...

The article deals with the emperical and synthetic approach to the creating of the theory of religious and Christian knowledge in the context of apologetic studio of Pavlo Yakovlevych Svetlov, a representative of Kyiv Academic Philosophy of the 19th and early 20th century.

Early research on the cell cycle revealed correlations between protein accumulation and cell proliferation. In this review, I describe the data showing that abnormality of cell growth and tumor development are dependent upon oncogene‐induced increases in the levels and activity of factors that determine the rate of protein synthesis. It is proposed that the establishment of a vicious circle, namely oncoproteins → increase in translation → oncoproteins, is a major biological mechanism that fuels neoplastic growth. The constitutively high rates of (...) protein synthesis and accumulation of proteins, including those necessary for DNA replication and mitosis, would drive cells to excessive proliferation. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como as reconfigurações na estrutura de significação da peça O Pagador de Promessas no cinema e na televisão permitiram diferentes fusões dos indícios temporais e espaciais (cronotopo), novas “zonas de contato” com a realidade cotidiana, novas imagens do indivíduo e do espaço e um novo tipo de acabamento axiológico do herói pelo autor (exotopia).

The present paper argues that Rothbard’s economic case against the state is more robust than suggested by his critics. The charge that it might be anemic is based on the suggestion that we can say literally nothing about the way governmental acts bear on social utility. Contra this supposition we submit that Rothbard’s critics missed the fact that the effects of governmental interventions might be actually indeterminate in two ways: weakly or strongly. If the indeterminacy involved in his welfare theory (...) is weak, then his economic criticism of the state is more robust than envisaged by these authors. To the effect that this indeterminacy is indeed weak we advance the following reasons: Rothbard’s understanding of the Unanimity Rule; the avoidance of the contradiction allegedly committed by Rothbard over one and the same page of his famous essay; his economic criticism of interventionism being better aligned with his overall ethical anti-governmental stance; the principle of charitable reading, which cuts across all of the previously stated reasons. If our arguments count for something, then we are warranted in claiming that Rothbard is indeed able to say something about social utility under interventionism. And if so, then his criticism of interventionism should be viewed as robust rather than anemic. (shrink)

Invariantism proposed by Braun (Linguistics and Philosophy 35(6):461–489, 2012) aims to maintain full identity of semantic content between all uses of ‘might’. I invoke well-known facts regarding diachronic change in meanings of modals to argue that invariantism commits us to implausible duplication of familiar processes of lexical semantic change on the level of “lexical pragmatics”, with no obvious payoff.

Putnam's model theoretic argument against metaphysical realism can be reconstructed as valid, with premises acceptable to the realist. There is no illegitimate assumption that the causal theory of reference is false.

The article introduces substructural epistemic logics of belief supported by evidence. The logics combine normal modal epistemic logics with distributive substructural logics. Pieces of evidence are represented by points in substructural models and availability of evidence is modelled by a function on the point set. The main technical result is a general completeness theorem. Axiomatisations are provided by means of two-sorted Hilbert-style calculi. It is also shown that the framework presents a natural solution to the problem of logical omniscience.

This paper takes issue with Córdoba’s (Axiomathes 27(5):521–529, 2017) attempt to axiomatize praxeology, with the particular target being his ultimate derivation of the Scarcity Theorem. This author starts with proving the Uneasiness Theorem, a proof we find flawless. It is indeed the case that action entails wanting something, from which it follows – by contraposition – that being satisfied (i.e. not wanting anything) entails no action. That much must be granted. However, we consider the author’s alleged proof of the Scarcity (...) Theorem wanting. Specifically, what we find unpersuasive is Córdoba’s premise (9) having it that if there is nothing that is scarce for _a_ (some arbitrary economic agent), then _a_ is satisfied and therefore _a_ does not (and cannot) act. On Córdoba’s own definition of scarcity, scarcity is a _relational_ property. To wit, a certain resource is scarce for _a_ when it does not suffice to satisfy _a_’s multiple ends. But then, while sticking to this definition, we envisage a situation wherein nothing is scarce for _a_ (relative to his ends). It seems that even under this scenario, the economic actor may _not_ be satisfied _just yet_ (say, at time t 1 ). Yet, he may start sequentially employing his adequate means to satisfy his ends, thus obeying the law of diminishing marginal utility with both his desires and beliefs issuing in the purposeful behavior in question, nothing short of action proper. If our thought experiments counts for something, it shows that scarcity is just a contingent – _pace_ Mises (Human action, 4th edn. Fox & Wilkes, San Francisco, p. 70, 1949) and Córdoba – rather than a necessary condition of action. (shrink)

This paper is a rejoinder to Block’s (2022) response to Wysocki’s (Wysocki, 2021) essay on Nozick’s challenge leveled at Austrian economics. Instead of merely reiterating Wysocki’s (Wysocki, 2021) position, we try to highlight that the Blockean account of indifference and preference entails the views which are otherwise unwelcome, given his unyielding commitment to Austrian economics at large. To wit, we argue that Block’s theory still fails to make sense of the law of diminishing marginal utility. Moreover, his extreme idea of (...) choice, sadly, appears to jettison characteristically Austrian subjectivism and thus perilously verges on behaviourism. We conclude that, given all these predicaments the Blockean account is caught in, Block himself (_qua_ Austrian) has a reason to embrace the Hoppean theory of preference and indifference. (shrink)

This article examines Alexander A. Bogdanov’s ideas about forms of organization that are set forth in his book Universal Organizational Science. The author conducts this analysis with a...