In this article we establish that in mythical thought there is, as a natural quality, an expression of universality. Following Cassirer’s Philosophy of Symbolic Forms, we show that through the expressive function of myth it is possible to develop an expressive way of thinking or a pre-logical type of knowledge. We then propose an interpretation of Oedipus at Colonus in order to show that it offers a plausible resource to relate the individual and the community, and that the framework in (...) this tragedy works as a complex sign and symbolic path to delineate a form of expressive relationship through which it is possible to propose the unification of the individual with the community. (shrink)

Este trabalho discute as possíveis relações entre a histeria e os chamados distúrbios alimentares que, na atualidade, ganharam um caráter epidêmico. Os discursos dos autores sobre a anorexia e a bulimia são apresentados e organizados em categorias temáticas que abordam as definições de anorexia e bu..

El presente artículo tiene por intención principal dilucidar las distinciones y relaciones conceptuales que existen entre labor, trabajo y ocio, en el pensamiento de Hannah Arendt y Walter Benjamin, a modo de esclarecer cómo los posicionamientos de ambos autores contribuyen a la crítica de la concepción del trabajo moderno. Para ello, será necesario exponer los matices conceptuales de la obra de Arendt, a saber, la distinción entre trabajo y labor, con el fin de trazar las diferencias y puntos de encuentro (...) con las reflexiones de Benjamin en torno a los cambios traídos como consecuencia del auge del capitalismo industrial y en la experiencia del ocio. Entre estos matices, esclarecimientos y contrastes, es preciso no solo destacar la importancia de la relación e influencia de ambos autores, sino su vigencia en las problemáticas sociales contemporáneas al respecto. (shrink)

El objetivo general del presente trabajo es elaborar una lectura pedagógica de Filosofía de las formassimbólicas, de Ernst Cassirer, centrando la atención en el volumen Fenomenología del conocimiento, donde el autordetalla que los fundamentos aducidos por Paul Natorp, en Introducción a la psicología constituyen una visióncrítica de la psicología como fundamento de las operaciones intelectuales. En general, son tres los resultados amostrar: primero, que esta recuperación de la visión natorpiana permite a Cassirer sostener que toda actividadcultural (el lenguaje, la mitología, (...) el arte, la ciencia, etc.) tiene como fundamento las actividades psicológicas delsujeto, lo que implica que toda formación simbólica es, tanto un producto intelectual del individuo como unaactividad cultural; segundo, que para el desarrollo de una psicología crítica, de acuerdo con al plan general deNatorp, es necesaria una teoría de la formación que explique cómo el entorno cultural conforma las actividadesintelectuales del sujeto, tesis general asumida por Cassirer para el desarrollo de su teoría del símbolo; finalmente,que los agentes formativos culturales considerados por Natorp para la formación del individuo (Estado, artey religión, principalmente) constituyen las bases teóricas de la cultura, en las que posteriormente el alumnodesarrollará su teoría del lenguaje, mito/religión, arte y ciencia como formaciones culturales. (shrink)

This quantitative study investigates the impact of educational programs designed to foster social entrepreneurship on the development of human and community skills. Data were collected from 150 university students in Latin America, who participated in social entrepreneurship programs during the 2022-2023 academic cycle. Through structured surveys, key competencies such as leadership, empathy, problem-solving and teamwork were assessed. The results show that educational programs that integrate social entrepreneurship have a significant impact on the development of skills that not only benefit students (...) individually, but also their communities. This study highlights the importance of practical experiences in education for social entrepreneurship. (shrink)

Resumen: Entre el pensamiento de José Gaos y el de Eduardo Nicol se cierne una diferencia sustancial en torno al concepto de la filosofía. Para el primero, ésta es una suerte de confesión personal; mientras que para Nicol la filosofía debe ser producto de una hazaña dialógica y el conocimiento tiene que ser objetivo.: José Gaos’s and Eduardo Nicol’s concepts of philosophy differ substantially. For the former, philosophy is a sort of personal confession, whereas for the later it must be (...) the outcome of dialogical achievement, and as for knowledge, this has to be objective. (shrink)

Este artículo es un análisis teórico-reflexivo que tiene como propósito presentar la impor­tancia de la perspectiva cívica científica en la educación filosófica con los niños y niñas. En este marco, se conceptualiza sobre la cultura cívico científica. Luego, se propone reflexionar sobre la necesidad de vincular lo cívico-científico en el ejercicio filosófico en el contexto rural con enfoque territorial.

The article proposes a comparison between the perspectives of René Girard and Byung Chul Han on violence, in order to understand the contemporary dynamics of the subject. Girard analyzes violence as a result of mimetic desire, while Han relates it to the desire to assert the self in capitalist society. Girard, in works such as Deceit, desire and the novel and Violence and the Sacred, expounds the theory of triangular desire and the scapegoat as the origin of culture. On the (...) other hand, Han, in Topology of Violence, argues that violence arises from the desire for self-affirmation and constant production of the self in the capitalist context. Although they start from different premises, both criticize modernity and its promises of autonomy. Girard points out how imitation leads to melancholy, while Han exposes the depression of the self-exploiting subject. In addition, transcendence and immanence are discussed in contemporary society, where the sacred is diluted or disappears. Both negative and positive perspectives of desire offer a profound understanding of current social and psychological dynamics. (shrink)

The concept of well-being of rural families is part of a theory under construction in which new theoretical elements are constantly being incorporated. This research aims to determine the influence of farmers’ knowledge on the well‑being of cocoa growing families in the departments of Santander, Huila, Meta and Caquetá, Colombia. Four categories of farmers were identified with different levels of knowledge in the management of cocoa cultivation obtained through a cluster analysis. The well-being of cocoa farmers, understood as the balance (...) in the capital endowment of rural households, was obtained through the application of a semi-structured interview with 49 variables of human, cultural, social, political, natural, built, and financial capitals. The results show that cocoa knowledge is heterogeneous in the study area, with a slight improvement towards harvesting, post-harvest and transformation links. There is a positive relationship between cocoa knowledge and the well-being of cocoa farming families. Thus, producers with greater integral knowledge, with emphasis on post-harvest and bean transformation links, showed greater well-being. The Random Forest analysis identified that human capital (political, social, human, and cultural) made the greatest contribution to well-being. The findings show that cocoa knowledge contributes to the well-being of rural households to the extent that it favors vertical relationships (linkages with local governments) and horizontal relationships of producers (participation of association managers, sharing knowledge with friends, neighbors and partners, and cocoa training). (shrink)

Investigadores pertenecientes a la tradición de la psicología del desarrollo cognitivo han llevado a cabo estudios que sugieren que existe un vínculo entre la percepción de daño y el dominio moral. Frente a esta propuesta unificadora del dominio moral han surgido críticas desde la psicología cultural. Haidt publicó en 1993 uno de los estudios más influyentes en esta línea, afirmando haber encontrado evidencia que sugiere la existencia de dominios morales no vinculados a la noción de daño. En este artículo se (...) hará una presentación general del debate en torno al contenido del dominio moral. Luego presentaremos y evaluaremos el estudio de Haidt et al.. Por último, presentamos resultados experimentales que cuestionan las conclusiones de ese estudio y sugieren que el debate sigue abierto. Researchers belonging to the tradition of cognitive-developmental psychology have suggested studies that the perception of harm is central to the Moral Domain. This unifying proposal of the Moral Domain has provoked the criticisms of researchers working in Cultural Psychology. Haidt published in 1993 a very influential study, claiming to have found evidence for the existence of Moral Domains not linked to the notion of harm. In this paper, we briefly present the debate around the content of the moral domain. We then critically examine the study by Haidt et al.. Finally, we present experimental results that question the conclusions of their study and suggest that the debate is still open. (shrink)

The concept of well-being of rural families is part of a theory under construction in which new theoretical elements are constantly being incorporated. This research aims to determine the influence of farmers’ knowledge on the well‑being of cocoa growing families in the departments of Santander, Huila, Meta and Caquetá, Colombia. Four categories of farmers were identified with different levels of knowledge in the management of cocoa cultivation obtained through a cluster analysis. The well-being of cocoa farmers, understood as the balance (...) in the capital endowment of rural households, was obtained through the application of a semi-structured interview with 49 variables of human, cultural, social, political, natural, built, and financial capitals. The results show that cocoa knowledge is heterogeneous in the study area, with a slight improvement towards harvesting, post-harvest and transformation links. There is a positive relationship between cocoa knowledge and the well-being of cocoa farming families. Thus, producers with greater integral knowledge, with emphasis on post-harvest and bean transformation links, showed greater well-being. The Random Forest analysis identified that human capital (political, social, human, and cultural) made the greatest contribution to well-being. The findings show that cocoa knowledge contributes to the well-being of rural households to the extent that it favors vertical relationships (linkages with local governments) and horizontal relationships of producers (participation of association managers, sharing knowledge with friends, neighbors and partners, and cocoa training). (shrink)

Cacao cultivation is one of the most important livelihoods for rural households in Colombia, where it is promoted as a substitute for the illegal cultivation of coca. To strengthen Colombian cacao farming, it is important to understand the livelihood strategies associated with cacao cultivation and the impact of these different strategies on the well-being of Colombian rural households. We analyzed the impact of cacao cultivation on the livelihood strategies and well-being of rural households in western Colombia. Research with 92 rural (...) cacao-growing households produced a typology of household livelihood strategies derived from their approach to cacao production. Indicators of each household capital and level of well-being were identified for each type of households. Correlations between the capitals and the capitals of greater importance in shaping the well-being of rural households were analyzed. Three types of rural households were identified: Cacao Farmers, Diversified Farmers with Cacao, and New Cacao Farmers. Cacao farmers have the highest capitals endowments and level of well-being, followed by Diversified Farmers with Cacao, and New Cacao Farmers. The conditions of cacao cultivation in rural households result in differentiated access to resources from capitals; households with better development of the crop have consolidated greater well-being where human capital has been its major driving factor. Success of the cacao crop and its relationship with well-being of rural households depends on the convergence of different capital resources. Thus, institutional efforts to strengthen the cacao sector in Colombia must go beyond investment to establish new hectares and consider aspects such as: Strengthening the skills and knowledge of producers to improve crop management practices, Promoting the participation of household members in associations, Stimulating sensitivity to the rooting and sustainable management of the crop, and Promoting processes of technification and adaptation of the infrastructure of fermenters and dryers, which will make it possible to guarantee an adequate quality of the cacao bean. (shrink)

Neste trabalho, investigamos relações que autores psicanalíticos fazem entre histeria e literatura. Fizemos um estudo dos artigos destes autores, e o objetivo foi de expor as temáticas abordadas por eles quando reúnem e interpretam juntas histeria, psicanálise e literatura. Historicamente, tanto a h..

En el presente artículo se pretende demostrar que lo sonoro, lo luminoso y lo líquido, como elementos semánticos, son fundamentales para la construcción de lo fantástico y lo sepulcral en la leyenda El miserere de Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer. Estos elementos se interrelacionan por medio del ambiente sepulcral que se presenta en el texto, por medio de metáforas que los vinculan, y por medio de la forma en que se manifiestan en lo posible y lo imposible, cuya unión permite (...) que lo fantástico sea posible. (shrink)

In our article we try to approximate to the topic of Spanish romanticism and the cosmovision of Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer in particular. We evaluate the role of universal romantic symptom – the feeling of loneliness in Bécquer’s Rimas and observe how his poetic world is linked to the existensial vision of Miguel de Unamuno.

In this article, we propose to describe linguistic phenomena which contribute to creating uncertainty in a literary text. In particular, we will analyze different narrative strategies that introduce the sinister (Freud, 1919) into a text which, while being an author’s account, utilizes forms of expression typical of the traditional oral legend “El Monte de las Ánimas” by Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer. The unsettling effect that this legend produces on the reader stems from several phenomena analyzed by literary theory (such (...) as in the study of the Fantasy genre). However, we would like to propose an approach based on some notions from the fields of linguistics and discourse analysis as determining factors in this effect. We will discuss three aspects: the reproduced speech (Maldonado, 2001) or the representation of the speech of others (Authier-Revuz, 2003), the epistemic modality that describes the enunciator’s knowledge regarding the mentioned facts (Nuyts, 2001; García Negroni & Tordesillas Colado, 2001) and the evidential verbs that account for the way the speaker obtains information (Aikhenvald, 2004), especially the cases of transmitted indirect evidence, folklore or popular knowledge (Willett, 1988). In our opinion, the articulation of these three elements constitutes a possible path to describing the aforementioned effect. (shrink)

The aim of the dissertation is to show that the logical foundations of the Marxian Theory of Value are reasonably sound. The first chapter presents a concise history of MTV and formulates in a detailed way the problem of foundations in MTV. This is the problem of proving the existence of labor-values in a general economy in which joint products, alternative techniques, and heterogeneous labor are allowed. ;In the second chapter the problem is tackled through the demonstration that there is (...) a measurement of abstract labor in such general systems, where abstract labor is understood as a binary relation over the set of labor expenditures induced by a system of prices, in a commodity economy, that satisfies certain properties. It is also shown that whenever the rate of profit is uniform the price system satisfies such properties. ;Using the results of the second chapter, in the last chapter an axiomatization of MTV is provided and two of the most typical models of MTV are reconstructed in terms of abstract labor in a very detailed way. The first of these is the classical Leontief model and the second one is a more general model due to John K. Roemer. The conclusion of the dissertation is that the foundations of MTV are as sound as those of Neo-classical Economics. (shrink)

conceito de fenomeno (Erscheinung) cumpre um papel fundamental na filosofia de Kant. Na Critica da Razáo Pura', constitui a chave que abre todas as portas da filosofia transcendental e as fecha à metafisica tradicional. Isto parece ser urn ponto pacifico para os kantianos e para muitos outros o que, contudo, tem gerado urna ampla polemica é o estatuto de legitimidade deste conceito, sobretudo em funçao de suas implicações. 0 presente texto pretende elucidar algumas dessas implicações à luz dos argumentos de (...) Kant e de objeções que foram levantadas por filosofos e interpretes desde a epoca do Idealismo a Alemáo .Meu intuito é o de evidenciar urn problema. Sugiro que o conceito implica urn paradoxo, mas que este nada se deve imputar a um erro de Kant, e sim a uma dificuldade essencial a todo discurso teorico do ponto de vista de sua fundamentaçáo. (shrink)

O manuscrito Madri, Bibl. del Escorial, h.II.1, ff. 1ra-73rb, contém um conjunto de Questões sobre a Metafísica I[A]-VI[E] de Aristóteles, atribuídas na margem inferior do f.1r a Henrique de Gand, por uma adição classificada como tardia por Martin Grabmann. Deixando de lado metodologicamente a problemática da autoria dessas Questões, busca-se aqui compreender a noção de ‘verdade’ desenvolvida na obra, principalmente no que diz respeito ao discurso metafísico que tange à descrição do ‘ser’ atribuível à verdade. Para tanto, consideramos o modo (...) como o autor de tais questões relaciona as noções de ‘verdade’ e ‘ser’ em Questões sobre a Metafísica II[α] e VI[E], com especial atenção à atribuição de um ‘ente diminuído’ ao conhecimento verdadeiro. (shrink)

La actividad económica ha existido siempre, la pregunta es ¡qué leyes económicas deben regirla? Curiosamente debemos rescatar valores que hoy las escuelas de negocios dirían "antieconómicos".

Magnífico libro ha tenido a bien reeditar la editorial madrileña Encuentro, situándolo como el primer volumen de la colección Mínima Política. En él, además de realizar algunas correcciones y estructurar la obra de forma más manejable para el lector, se ha encargado del estudio preliminar el profesor Jerónimo Molina, como ya hiciera con otras obras del mismo autor, Teoría y sistema de las formas políticas e Introducción al Derecho político actual, hace unos pocos años. En esta introducción, se nos ofrece (...) un recorrido biográfico, intelectual y político por Francisco Javier Conde, sencillo, directo y profundo. Propio de quien tiene un riguroso conocimiento del autor y de su obra. Con su lectura conseguiremos enmarcar correctamente este libro en la trayectoria vital e intelectual de Conde, entre la actitud intelectual del realismo político, el fracaso en la vida de actividad política y el olvido arrastrado hasta casi nuestros días. Y digo casi, porque, según lo que hemos dicho, no son pocos los que honran a Conde y su trabajo intelectual, de gran mérito. No en vano señala el profesor Molina que este libro es un pequeño clásico contemporáneo. (shrink)

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The purpose of this article is to describe the process through one person or individuals from a particular group applies violence –psychological or physical– to another person in a small dosage with the intention of unbalancing and making him to be uncertain about his owns thoughts and affections. By this way such person destroys, denies and erases the another ones identity. This behaviour has as objec- tive to get that the victim can not to think or understand in order to (...) avoid the conflict, keeping her/him at the disposal of the aggressor and transferring to her/him the aggressor ideas. This process intends that the victim becomes morally perverted, as well as to get a perfect crime through a slowly destruction. The victim is eliminated by suicide induction or physical violence. We call to this behaviour “moral harassment” and we define it as each abuse behaviour –verbal or non verbal– that attends by its frequency and repetition against the dignity or psychological or physical integrity of one person. (shrink)

The cinematographic work of Raul Ruiz, filmmaker, writer, playwright and stage designer, chilean exiled in France since the late 70's and deceased in 2011, at first sight not appear as a political work. Usually classified with the labels of "neosurrealistic" or "fantasy film", his work, since not refer to a specific and identifiable reality from the positivist sociology standpoint, will have not most interest to analyze and think what the political "emergency" of our times requires. However, from a philosophical analysis (...) of what the political demise implies for the thinking of the community, of the event and the History, analysis that mark the question of spectrality as the key for the understanding what was then occurs, this work - which dilutes all limit between the real and the unreal - appear as one of the most important of our time. (shrink)