Results for 'therapeutic modulation'

987 found
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  1.  9
    Unlocking the therapeutic potential of TRPV3: Insights into thermosensation, channel modulation, and skin homeostasis involving TRPV3.Jing Lei & Makoto Tominaga - forthcoming - Bioessays.
    Recent insights reveal the significant role of TRPV3 in warmth sensation. A novel finding elucidated how thermosensation is affected by TRPV3 membrane abundance that is modulated by the transmembrane protein TMEM79. TRPV3 is a warmth‐sensitive ion channel predominantly expressed in epithelial cells, particularly skin keratinocytes. Multiple studies investigated the roles of TRPV3 in cutaneous physiology and pathophysiology. TRPV3 activation by innocuous warm temperatures in keratinocytes highlights its significance in temperature sensation, but whether TRPV3 directly contributes to warmth sensations in vivo (...)
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  2.  21
    Tubulin deacetylase NDST3 modulates lysosomal acidification: Implications in neurological diseases.Qing Tang, Xiangning Li & Jiou Wang - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (11):2200110.
    Neurological diseases (NDs), featured by progressive dysfunctions of the nervous system, have become a growing burden for the aging populations. N‐Deacetylase and N‐sulfotransferase 3 (NDST3) is known to catalyze deacetylation and N‐sulfation on disaccharide substrates. Recently, NDST3 is identified as a novel deacetylase for tubulin, and its newly recognized role in modulating microtubule acetylation and lysosomal acidification provides fresh insights into ND therapeutic approaches using NDST3 as a target. Microtubule acetylation and lysosomal acidification have been reported to be critical (...)
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  3.  24
    The Impact of Cloning in Pharmaceutical Products and for Human Therapeutics.Michael W. Jann, Kara L. Shirley & Arthur Falek - 2001 - Global Bioethics 14 (2-3):47-51.
    The rapid sequencing of entire genomes based in large measure on a DNA cloning procedure, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), has opened new frontiers in the discovery process for novel therapeutic agents. DNA cloning is a basic tool in genomics and it has been used for over a decade. Drug discovery is currently focused on the identification of gene databases, gene arrays and protein arrays aimed at therapeutic modulation of disease-related genes—which require procedures that may involve cloning (...)
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  4.  52
    (1 other version)The computational therapeutic: exploring Weizenbaum’s ELIZA as a history of the present.Caroline Bassett - 2019 - AI and Society 34 (4):803-812.
    This paper explores the history of ELIZA, a computer programme approximating a Rogerian therapist, developed by Jospeh Weizenbaum at MIT in the 1970s, as an early AI experiment. ELIZA’s reception provoked Weizenbaum to re-appraise the relationship between ‘computer power and human reason’ and to attack the ‘powerful delusional thinking’ about computers and their intelligence that he understood to be widespread in the general public and also amongst experts. The root issue for Weizenbaum was whether human thought could be ‘entirely computable’. (...)
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  5.  15
    Fatty acids may influence insulin dynamics through modulation of albumin‐Zn 2+ interactions.Swati Arya, Adam J. Gourley, J. Carlos Penedo, Claudia A. Blindauer & Alan J. Stewart - 2021 - Bioessays 43 (12):2100172.
    Insulin is stored within the pancreas in an inactive Zn2+‐bound hexameric form prior to release. Similarly, clinical insulins contain Zn2+ and form multimeric complexes. Upon release from the pancreas or upon injection, insulin only becomes active once Zn2+ disengages from the complex. In plasma and other extracellular fluids, the majority of Zn2+ is bound to human serum albumin (HSA), which plays a vital role in controlling insulin pharmacodynamics by enabling removal of Zn2+. The Zn2+‐binding properties of HSA are attenuated by (...)
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  6.  63
    Stimulation Parameters Used During Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Motor Recovery and Corticospinal Excitability Modulation in SCI: A Scoping Review.Nabila Brihmat, Didier Allexandre, Soha Saleh, Jian Zhong, Guang H. Yue & Gail F. Forrest - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16.
    There is a growing interest in non-invasive stimulation interventions as treatment strategies to improve functional outcomes and recovery after spinal cord injury. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a neuromodulatory intervention which has the potential to reinforce the residual spinal and supraspinal pathways and induce plasticity. Recent reviews have highlighted the therapeutic potential and the beneficial effects of rTMS on motor function, spasticity, and corticospinal excitability modulation in SCI individuals. For this scoping review, we focus on the stimulation parameters (...)
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  7.  33
    Harnessing neuroendocrine controls of keratin expression: A new therapeutic strategy for skin diseases?Yuval Ramot & Ralf Paus - 2014 - Bioessays 36 (7):672-686.
    Human skin produces numerous neurohormones and neuropeptides. Recent evidence has shown that the neuroendocrine regulation of human skin biology also extends to keratins, the major structural components of epithelial cells. For example, thyrotropin‐releasing hormone, thyrotropin, opioids, prolactin, and cannabinoid receptor 1‐ligands profoundly modulate human keratin gene and protein expression in human epidermis and/or hair follicle epithelium in situ. Since selected keratins are now understood to exert important regulatory functions beyond mechanical stability, we argue that neuroendocrine pathways of keratin regulation are (...)
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  8.  26
    Synaptic Pruning in Schizophrenia: Does Minocycline Modulate Psychosocial Brain Development?Michael C. Jones, Jin Ming Koh & Kang Hao Cheong - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (9):2000046.
    Recent studies suggest that the tetracycline antibiotic minocycline, or its cousins, hold therapeutic potential for affective and psychotic disorders. This is proposed on the basis of a direct effect on microglia‐mediated frontocortical synaptic pruning (FSP) during adolescence, perhaps in genetically susceptible individuals harboring risk alleles in the complement component cascade that is involved in this normal process of CNS circuit refinement. In reviewing this field, it is argued that minocycline is actually probing and modulating a deeply evolved and intricate (...)
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  9.  47
    New vistas for treatment of obesity and diabetes? Endocannabinoid signalling and metabolism in the modulation of energy balance.Christopher Lipina, Wiebke Rastedt, Andrew J. Irving & Harinder S. Hundal - 2012 - Bioessays 34 (8):681-691.
    Growing evidence suggests that pathological overactivation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is associated with dyslipidemia, obesity and diabetes. Indeed, this signalling system acting through cannabinoid receptors has been shown to function both centrally and peripherally to regulate feeding behaviour as well as energy expenditure and metabolism. Consequently, modulation of these receptors can promote significant alterations in body weight and associated metabolic profile. Importantly, blocking cannabinoid receptor type 1 function has been found to prevent obesity and metabolic dysfunction in various (...)
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  10. Cancer stem cells modulate patterns and processes of evolution in cancers.Lucie Laplane - 2018 - Biology and Philosophy 33 (3-4):18.
    The clonal evolution model and the cancer stem cell model are two independent models of cancers, yet recent data shows intersections between the two models. This article explores the impacts of the CSC model on the CE model. I show that CSC restriction, which depends on CSC frequency in cancer cell populations and on the probability of dedifferentiation of cancer non-stem cells into CSCs, can favor or impede some patterns of evolution and some processes of evolution. Taking CSC restriction into (...)
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  11.  23
    mTORC1 and ferroptosis: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Guang Lei, Li Zhuang & Boyi Gan - 2021 - Bioessays 43 (8):2100093.
    Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death triggered by lipid hydroperoxide accumulation, has an important role in a variety of diseases and pathological conditions, such as cancer. Targeting ferroptosis is emerging as a promising means of therapeutic intervention in cancer treatment. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, reactive oxygen species, and labile iron constitute the major underlying triggers for ferroptosis. Other regulators of ferroptosis have also been discovered recently, among them the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a central controller of (...)
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  12.  66
    The neural basis of chronic pain, its plasticity and modulation.Misha-Miroslav Backonja - 1997 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20 (3):435-437.
    Dysfunction or injury of pain-transmitting primary afferents' central pathways can result in pain. The organism as a whole responds to such injury and consequently many symptoms of neuropathic pain develop. The nervous system responds to painful events and injury with neuroplasticity. Both peripheral sensitization and central sensitization take place and are mediated by a number of biochemical factors, including genes and receptors. Correction of altered receptors activity is the logical way to intervene therapeutically. [berkley; blumberg et al.; coderre & katz; (...)
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  13.  13
    EEG-Based Spectral Analysis Showing Brainwave Changes Related to Modulating Progressive Fatigue During a Prolonged Intermittent Motor Task.Easter S. Suviseshamuthu, Vikram Shenoy Handiru, Didier Allexandre, Armand Hoxha, Soha Saleh & Guang H. Yue - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16.
    Repeatedly performing a submaximal motor task for a prolonged period of time leads to muscle fatigue comprising a central and peripheral component, which demands a gradually increasing effort. However, the brain contribution to the enhancement of effort to cope with progressing fatigue lacks a complete understanding. The intermittent motor tasks closely resemble many activities of daily living, thus remaining physiologically relevant to study fatigue. The scope of this study is therefore to investigate the EEG-based brain activation patterns in healthy subjects (...)
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  14.  15
    Interferon and myeloproliferative neoplasms: Evolving therapeutic approaches.Alok Swaroop, Diana Saleiro & Leonidas C. Platanias - 2023 - Bioessays 45 (3):2200203.
    Interferons (IFNs) are a diverse group of cytokines whose potent antitumor effects have piqued the interest of scientists for decades. Some of the most sustained clinical accomplishments have been in the field of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Here, we discuss how both historical and novel breakthroughs in our understanding of IFN function may lead to more effective therapies for MPNs. The particular relevance and importance of modulating the novel IFN‐regulated ULK1 pathway to optimize IFN responses is highlighted.
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  15.  19
    Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Modulates Reward-Related Behavior: A Systematic Review.Yvan M. Vachez & Meaghan C. Creed - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
    Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective treatment for the motor symptoms of movement disorders including Parkinson's Disease. Despite its therapeutic benefits, STN-DBS has been associated with adverse effects on mood and cognition. Specifically, apathy, which is defined as a loss of motivation, has been reported to emerge or to worsen following STN-DBS. However, it is often challenging to disentangle the effects of STN-DBSper sefrom concurrent reduction of dopamine replacement therapy, from underlying PD pathology or from (...)
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  16.  71
    Combined Subthalamic and Nigral Stimulation Modulates Temporal Gait Coordination and Cortical Gait-Network Activity in Parkinson’s Disease.Jonas R. Wagner, Miriam Schaper, Wolfgang Hamel, Manfred Westphal, Christian Gerloff, Andreas K. Engel, Christian K. E. Moll, Alessandro Gulberti & Monika Pötter-Nerger - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16.
    BackgroundFreezing of gait is a disabling burden for Parkinson’s disease patients with poor response to conventional therapies. Combined deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra moved into focus as a potential therapeutic option to treat the parkinsonian gait disorder and refractory FoG. The mechanisms of action of DBS within the cortical-subcortical-basal ganglia network on gait, particularly at the cortical level, remain unclear.MethodsTwelve patients with idiopathic PD and chronically-implanted DBS electrodes were assessed on their regular dopaminergic medication (...)
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  17.  37
    Cancer's second genome: Microbial cancer diagnostics and redefining clonal evolution as a multispecies process.Gregory D. Sepich-Poore, Caitlin Guccione, Lucie Laplane, Thomas Pradeu, Kit Curtius & Rob Knight - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (5):2100252.
    The presence and role of microbes in human cancers has come full circle in the last century. Tumors are no longer considered aseptic, but implications for cancer biology and oncology remain underappreciated. Opportunities to identify and build translational diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics that exploit cancer's second genome—the metagenome—are manifold, but require careful consideration of microbial experimental idiosyncrasies that are distinct from host‐centric methods. Furthermore, the discoveries of intracellular and intra‐metastatic cancer bacteria necessitate fundamental changes in describing clonal evolution and selection, (...)
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  18.  66
    Subthalamic high-beta oscillation informs the outcome of deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease.Po-Lin Chen, Yi-Chieh Chen, Po-Hsun Tu, Tzu-Chi Liu, Min-Chi Chen, Hau-Tieng Wu, Mun-Chun Yeap, Chih-Hua Yeh, Chin-Song Lu & Chiung-Chu Chen - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16:958521.
    BackgroundThe therapeutic effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for Parkinson's disease (PD) is related to the modulation of pathological neural activities, particularly the synchronization in the β band (13–35 Hz). However, whether the local β activity in the STN region can directly predict the stimulation outcome remains unclear.ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that low-β (13–20 Hz) and/or high-β (20–35 Hz) band activities recorded from the STN region can predict DBS efficacy.MethodsLocal field potentials (LFPs) were (...)
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  19.  31
    Differential Effects of Up- and Down-Regulation of SMR Coherence on EEG Activity and Memory Performance: A Neurofeedback Training Study.Silvia Erika Kober, Christa Neuper & Guilherme Wood - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
    Modulating connectivity measures in EEG-based neurofeedback studies is assumed to be a promising therapeutic and training tool. However, little is known so far about its effects and trainability. In the present study, we investigated the effects of up- and down-regulating SMR coherence by means of neurofeedback training on EEG activity and memory functions. Twenty adults performed 10 neurofeedback training sessions in which half of them tried to increase EEG coherence between Cz and CPz in the SMR frequency range, while (...)
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  20.  25
    MeCP2 post‐translational regulation through PEST domains: two novel hypotheses.Anita A. Thambirajah, James H. Eubanks & Juan Ausió - 2009 - Bioessays 31 (5):561-569.
    Mutations in the methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MeCP2) cause Rett syndrome, a severe neurodevelopmental disease associated with ataxia and other post‐natal symptoms similar to autism. Much research interest has focussed on the implications of MeCP2 in disease and neuron physiology. However, little or no attention has been paid to how MeCP2 turnover is regulated. The post‐translational control of MeCP2 is of critical importance, especially as subtle increases or decreases in MeCP2 amounts can affect neuron morphology and function. The latter point is (...)
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  21.  24
    Directly Exploring the Neural Correlates of Feedback-Related Reward Saliency and Valence During Real-Time fMRI-Based Neurofeedback.Bruno Direito, Manuel Ramos, João Pereira, Alexandre Sayal, Teresa Sousa & Miguel Castelo-Branco - 2021 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
    Introduction: The potential therapeutic efficacy of real-time fMRI Neurofeedback has received increasing attention in a variety of psychological and neurological disorders and as a tool to probe cognition. Despite its growing popularity, the success rate varies significantly, and the underlying neural mechanisms are still a matter of debate. The question whether an individually tailored framework positively influences neurofeedback success remains largely unexplored.Methods: To address this question, participants were trained to modulate the activity of a target brain region, the visual (...)
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  22.  86
    The regulation of cognitive enhancement devices : extending the medical model.Hannah Maslen, Thomas Douglas, Roi Cohen Kadosh, Neil Levy & Julian Savulescu - 2014 - Journal of Law and the Biosciences 1 (1):68-93.
    This article presents a model for regulating cognitive enhancement devices. Recently, it has become very easy for individuals to purchase devices which directly modulate brain function. For example, transcranial direct current stimulators are increasingly being produced and marketed online as devices for cognitive enhancement. Despite posing risks in a similar way to medical devices, devices that do not make any therapeutic claims do not have to meet anything more than basic product safety standards. We present the case for extending (...)
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  23. Mechanisms of Lipid‐Associated Macrophage Accrual in Metabolically Stressed Adipose Tissue.Isabel Reinisch, Sarah Enzenhofer & Andreas Prokesch - forthcoming - Bioessays:e202400203.
    Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome, is triggered by overburdened adipocytes sending out immune cell recruitment signals during obesity development. An AT immune landscape persistent throughout weight loss and regain constitutes an immune‐obesogenic memory that hinders long‐term weight loss management. Lipid‐associated macrophages (LAMs) are emerging as major players in diseased, inflamed metabolic tissues and may be key contributors to an obesogenic memory in AT. Our previous study found that LAM abundance increases with weight loss via intermittent (...)
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  24. Dimensions of the Threat to the Self Posed by Deep Brain Stimulation: Personal Identity, Authenticity, and Autonomy.Przemysław Zawadzki - 2020 - Diametros 18 (69):71-98.
    Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an invasive therapeutic method involving the implantation of electrodes and the electrical stimulation of specific areas of the brain to modulate their activity. DBS brings therapeutic benefits, but can also have adverse side effects. Recently, neuroethicists have recognized that DBS poses a threat to the very fabric of human existence, namely, to the selves of patients. This article provides a review of the neuroethical literature examining this issue, and identifies the crucial dimensions related (...)
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  25.  6
    Deep Brain Stimulation and Neuropsychiatric Anthropology – The “Prosthetisability” of the Lifeworld.Christian Ineichen & Walter Glannon - 2025 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 16 (1):3-11.
    Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) represents a key area of neuromodulation that has gained wide adoption for the treatment of neurological and experimental testing for psychiatric disorders. It is associated with specific therapeutic effects based on the precision of an evolving mechanistic neuroscientific understanding. At the same time, there are obstacles to achieving symptom relief because of the incompleteness of such an understanding. These obstacles are at least in part based on the complexity of neuropsychiatric disorders and the incompleteness of (...)
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  26.  27
    Carbon monoxide in biology and medicine.Stefan W. Ryter & Leo E. Otterbein - 2004 - Bioessays 26 (3):270-280.
    Carbon monoxide (CO), a product of organic oxidation processes, arises in vivo during cellular metabolism, most notably heme degradation. CO binds to the heme iron of most hemoproteins. Tissue hypoxia following hemoglobin saturation represents a principle cause of CO‐induced mortality in higher organisms, though cellular targets cannot be excluded. Despite extreme toxicity at high concentrations, low concentrations of CO can confer cytoprotection during ischemia/reperfusion or inflammation‐induced tissue injury. Likewise, heme oxygenase, an enzyme that produces CO, biliverdin and iron, as well (...)
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  27.  25
    Joining the PARty: PARP Regulation of KDM5A during DNA Repair (and Transcription?).Anthony Sanchez, Bethany A. Buck-Koehntop & Kyle M. Miller - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (7):2200015.
    The lysine demethylase KDM5A collaborates with PARP1 and the histone variant macroH2A1.2 to modulate chromatin to promote DNA repair. Indeed, KDM5A engages poly(ADP‐ribose) (PAR) chains at damage sites through a previously uncharacterized coiled‐coil domain, a novel binding mode for PAR interactions. While KDM5A is a well‐known transcriptional regulator, its function in DNA repair is only now emerging. Here we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate this PARP1‐macroH2A1.2‐KDM5A axis in DNA damage and consider the potential involvement of this pathway in transcription (...)
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  28.  22
    A Wearable Mixed Reality Platform to Augment Overground Walking: A Feasibility Study.Emily Evans, Megan Dass, William M. Muter, Christopher Tuthill, Andrew Q. Tan & Randy D. Trumbower - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16.
    Humans routinely modify their walking speed to adapt to functional goals and physical demands. However, damage to the central nervous system often results in abnormal modulation of walking speed and increased risk of falls. There is considerable interest in treatment modalities that can provide safe and salient training opportunities, feedback about walking performance, and that may augment less reliable sensory feedback within the CNS after injury or disease. Fully immersive virtual reality technologies show benefits in boosting training-related gains in (...)
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  29.  11
    Ectopeptidases in pathophysiology.Christophe Antczak, Ingrid De Meester & Brigitte Bauvois - 2001 - Bioessays 23 (3):251-260.
    Ectopeptidases are transmembrane proteins present in a wide variety of tissues and cell types. Dysregulated expression of certain ectopeptidases in human malignancies suggests their value as clinical markers. Ectopeptidase interaction with agonistic antibodies or their inhibitors has revealed that these ectoenzymes are able to modulate bioactive peptide responses and to influence growth, apoptosis and differentiation, as well as adhesion and motility, all functions involved in normal and tumoral processes. There is evidence that ectopeptidase-mediated signal transduction frequently involves tyrosine phosphorylation. Combined (...)
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  30.  33
    Targeting MYC in cancer therapy: RNA processing offers new opportunities.Cheryl M. Koh, Arianna Sabò & Ernesto Guccione - 2016 - Bioessays 38 (3):266-275.
    MYC is a transcription factor, which not only directly modulates multiple aspects of transcription and co‐transcriptional processing (e.g. RNA‐Polymerase II initiation, elongation, and mRNA capping), but also indirectly influences several steps of RNA metabolism, including both constitutive and alternative splicing, mRNA stability, and translation efficiency. As MYC is an oncoprotein whose expression is deregulated in multiple human cancers, identifying its critical downstream activities in tumors is of key importance for designing effective therapeutic strategies. With this knowledge and recent technological (...)
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  31.  9
    “Down Syndrome is Not a Curse”: parent Perspectives on the Medicalization of Down Syndrome.Kirsten A. Riggan, Marsha Michie & Megan Allyse - 2025 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 16 (1):10-21.
    Background Potential clinical interventions to mitigate or eliminate symptoms of Down syndrome (DS) continue to be an active area of pre-clinical and clinical research. However, views of members of the DS community have yet to be fully explored.Methods We conducted a survey with parents/caregivers of people with DS (n = 532) to explore interest in potential therapeutic approaches during fetal development or childhood that may improve neurocognition and modulate the DS phenotype. We qualitatively analyzed open-ended responses.Results Some respondents rejected (...)
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  32.  26
    Neuroinflammation, Pain and Depression: An Overview of the Main Findings.Ana Carolina Pinheiro Campos, Geiza Fernanda Antunes, Marcio Matsumoto, Rosana Lima Pagano & Raquel Chacon Ruiz Martinez - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11:538553.
    Chronic pain is a serious public health problem with a strong affective-motivational component that makes it difficult to treat. Most patients with chronic pain suffer from severe depression; hence, both conditions coexist and exacerbate one another. Brain inflammatory mediators are critical for maintaining depression-pain syndrome and could be substrates for it. The goal of our paper was to review clinical and preclinical findings to identify the neuroinflammatory profile associated with the cooccurrence of pain and depression. In addition, we aimed to (...)
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  33.  24
    Virtual Reality as a Moderator of Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy.Agnieszka D. Sekula, Luke Downey & Prashanth Puspanathan - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13:813746.
    Psychotherapy with the use of psychedelic substances, including psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), ketamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), has demonstrated promise in treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, addiction, and treatment-resistant depression. Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PP) represents a unique psychopharmacological model that leverages the profound effects of the psychedelic experience. That experience is characterized by strong dependency on two key factors: participant mindset and the therapeutic environment. As such, therapeutic models that utilize psychedelics reflect the need for careful design (...)
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  34.  12
    Modification of pro‐inflammatory signaling by dietary components: The plasma membrane as a target.Anna Ciesielska & Katarzyna Kwiatkowska - 2015 - Bioessays 37 (7):789-801.
    You are what you eat – this well‐known phrase properly describes the phenomenon of the effects of diet on acute and chronic inflammation. Several lipids and lipophilic compounds that are delivered with food or are produced in situ in pathological conditions exert immunomodulatory activity due to their interactions with the plasma membrane. This group of compounds includes cholesterol and its oxidized derivatives, fatty acids, α‐tocopherol, and polyphenols. Despite their structural heterogeneity, all these compounds ultimately induce changes in plasma membrane architecture (...)
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  35.  24
    A Biologically Inspired Neural Network Model to Gain Insight Into the Mechanisms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy.Andrea Mattera, Alessia Cavallo, Giovanni Granato, Gianluca Baldassarre & Marco Pagani - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy is a well-established therapeutic method to treat post-traumatic stress disorder. However, how EMDR exerts its therapeutic action has been studied in many types of research but still needs to be completely understood. This is in part due to limited knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying EMDR, and in part to our incomplete understanding of PTSD. In order to model PTSD, we used a biologically inspired computational model based on firing rate units, encompassing (...)
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  36.  10
    The Roots of Morality.Maxine Sheets-Johnstone - 2008 - Pennsylvania State University Press.
    This book argues the case for a foundationalist ethics centrally based on an empirical understanding of human nature. For Maxine Sheets-Johnstone, “an ethics formulated on the foundations of anything other than human nature, hence on anything other than an identification of pan-cultural human realities, lacks solid empirical moorings. It easily loses itself in isolated hypotheticals, reductionist scenarios, or theoretical abstractions—in the prisoner’s dilemma, selfish genes, dedicated brain modules, evolutionary altruism, or psychological egoism, for example—or it easily becomes itself an ethical (...)
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  37.  27
    The Microbiota‐Inflammasome Hypothesis of Major Depression.Antonio Inserra, Geraint B. Rogers, Julio Licinio & Ma-Li Wong - 2018 - Bioessays 40 (9):1800027.
    We propose the “microbiota‐inflammasome” hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD, a mental illness affecting the way a person feels and thinks, characterized by long‐lasting feelings of sadness). We hypothesize that pathological shifts in gut microbiota composition (dysbiosis) caused by stress and gut conditions result in the upregulation of pro‐inflammatory pathways mediated by the Nod‐like receptors family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome (an intracellular platform involved in the activation of inflammatory processes). This upregulation exacerbates depressive symptomatology and further compounds gut (...)
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  38.  29
    Proteoglycans: key partners in bone cell biology.François Lamoureux, Marc Baud'huin, Laurence Duplomb, Dominique Heymann & Françoise Rédini - 2007 - Bioessays 29 (8):758-771.
    The diversity of bone proteoglycan (PG) structure and localisation (pericellular, extracellular in the organic bone matrix) reflects a broad spectrum of biological functions within a unique tissue. PGs play important roles in organizing the bone extracellular matrix, taking part in the structuring of the tissue itself as active regulators of collagen fibrillogenesis. PGs also display selective patterns of reactivity with several constituents including cytokines and growth factors, such as transforming growth factor‐β or osteoprotegerin thereby modulating their bio‐availability and biological activity (...)
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  39.  16
    Chronic Pain in the Elderly: Mechanisms and Perspectives.Ana P. A. Dagnino & Maria M. Campos - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16:736688.
    Chronic pain affects a large part of the population causing functional disability, being often associated with coexisting psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety, besides cognitive deficits, and sleep disturbance. The world elderly population has been growing over the last decades and the negative consequences of chronic pain for these individuals represent a current clinical challenge. The main painful complaints in the elderly are related to neurodegenerative and musculoskeletal conditions, peripheral vascular diseases, arthritis, and osteoarthritis, contributing toward poorly life quality, (...)
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  40.  14
    Protein glycosylation in development and disease.James W. Dennis, Maria Granovsky & Charles E. Warren - 1999 - Bioessays 21 (5):412-421.
    N- and O-linked glycan structures of cell surface and secreted glycoproteins serve a variety of functions related to cell–cell communication in systems affecting development and disease. The more sophisticated N-glycan biosynthesis pathway of metazoans diverges from that of yeast with the appearance of the medial-Golgi β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAc-Ts). Tissue-specific regulation of medial- and trans-Golgi glycosyltransferases contribute structural diversity to glycoproteins in metazoans, and this can affect their molecular properties including localization, half-life, and biological activity. Null mutations in glycosyltransferase genes positioned later (...)
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  41.  33
    It takes guts to grow a brain.Betty Diamond, Patricio T. Huerta, Kevin Tracey & Bruce T. Volpe - 2011 - Bioessays 33 (8):588-591.
    A new study entitled “Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior”, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, requires that we reconsider the notion that the brain is an immune‐privileged site. The authors demonstrate that intestinal microbiota must be present within a set time‐frame for normal synaptogenesis to occur in the brain. In the absence of intestinal microbiota, histopathological and behavioral abnormalities arise. These observations necessitate a new look at the many interconnections of the immune system (...)
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  42.  2
    Spiritual therapy’s impact on death anxiety in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Abed Mahdavi & Zahra Ramezanpour Sobhani - forthcoming - Archive for the Psychology of Religion.
    Recently, spirituality-based interventions for modulating death anxiety in both unhealthy and healthy individuals have increased. However, the effectiveness of this treatment approach in reducing death anxiety remains controversial. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the impact of spiritual therapy interventions on death anxiety in Iran. We searched for all randomised and controlled trials related to the research topic in national and international databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, SID, Civilica, IranDoc and (...)
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  43.  15
    Location bias: A “Hidden Variable” in GPCR pharmacology.Dylan Scott Eiger, Chloe Hicks, Julia Gardner, Uyen Pham & Sudarshan Rajagopal - 2023 - Bioessays 45 (11):2300123.
    G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors and primarily signal through two main effector proteins: G proteins and β‐arrestins. Many agonists of GPCRs promote “biased” responses, in which different cellular signaling pathways are activated with varying efficacies. The mechanisms underlying biased signaling have not been fully elucidated, with many potential “hidden variables” that regulate this behavior. One contributor is “location bias,” which refers to the generation of unique signaling cascades from a given GPCR depending upon the (...)
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  44.  7
    Bystander effects: A concept in need of clarification.Bozidar Djordjevic - 2000 - Bioessays 22 (3):286.
    An increasing body of evidence indicates that the response to genotoxic agents such as radiation or drugs is a group phenomenon, rather than the summed response of individual independent cells to injury. Thus, a complex contagion-like response may spread beyond the initial impact of an agent to enlarge its effect. This indirect effect, termed “Bystander Effect,” is multifaceted and may play a significant role in the therapy of tumors and in carcinogenesis. A better understanding of this phenomenon is needed in (...)
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  45.  20
    Intraoperative Characterization of Subthalamic Nucleus-to-Cortex Evoked Potentials in Parkinson’s Disease Deep Brain Stimulation.Lila H. Levinson, David J. Caldwell, Jeneva A. Cronin, Brady Houston, Steve I. Perlmutter, Kurt E. Weaver, Jeffrey A. Herron, Jeffrey G. Ojemann & Andrew L. Ko - 2021 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15.
    Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is a clinically effective tool for treating medically refractory Parkinson’s disease, but its neural mechanisms remain debated. Previous work has demonstrated that STN DBS results in evoked potentials in the primary motor cortex, suggesting that modulation of cortical physiology may be involved in its therapeutic effects. Due to technical challenges presented by high-amplitude DBS artifacts, these EPs are often measured in response to low-frequency stimulation, which is generally ineffective at PD symptom (...)
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  46.  18
    Neurobiological Mechanisms of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Psychiatric Disorders; Neurophysiological, Chemical, and Anatomical Considerations.Yuji Yamada & Tomiki Sumiyoshi - 2021 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15.
    Backgrounds: Transcranial direct current stimulation is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders, e.g., mood disorders and schizophrenia. Therapeutic effects of tDCS are suggested to be produced by bi-directional changes in cortical activities, i.e., increased/decreased cortical excitability via anodal/cathodal stimulation. Although tDCS provides a promising approach for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, its neurobiological mechanisms remain to be explored.Objectives: To review recent findings from neurophysiological, chemical, and brain-network studies, and consider how tDCS ameliorates psychiatric (...)
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  47.  27
    Transcriptional regulation of APP by apoE: To boldly go where no isoform has gone before.Liying Corinne Lee, Michele Q. L. Goh & Edward H. Koo - 2017 - Bioessays 39 (9):1700062.
    Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia that gradually disrupts the brain network to impair memory, language and cognition. While the amyloid hypothesis remains the leading proposed mechanism to explain AD pathophysiology, anti-amyloid therapeutic strategies have yet to translate into useful therapies, suggesting that amyloid β-protein and its precursor, the amyloid precursor protein are but a part of the disease cascade. Further, risk of AD can be modulated by a number of factors, the most impactful being the (...)
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  48.  13
    Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Influences Facial Emotion Recognition in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease: A Review.Caroline Wagenbreth, Maria Kuehne, Hans-Jochen Heinze & Tino Zaehle - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
    Parkinson´s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms following dopaminergic depletion in the substantia nigra. Besides motor impairments however, several non-motor detriments can have the potential to considerably impact subjectively perceived quality of life in patients. Particularly emotion recognition of facial expressions has been shown to be affected in PD, and especially the perception of negative emotions like fear, anger or disgust is impaired. While emotion processing generally refers to automatic implicit as well as conscious explicit processing, (...)
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  49. Designing Virtuous Sex Robots.Anco Peeters & Pim Haselager - 2019 - International Journal of Social Robotics:1-12.
    We propose that virtue ethics can be used to address ethical issues central to discussions about sex robots. In particular, we argue virtue ethics is well equipped to focus on the implications of sex robots for human moral character. Our evaluation develops in four steps. First, we present virtue ethics as a suitable framework for the evaluation of human–robot relationships. Second, we show the advantages of our virtue ethical account of sex robots by comparing it to current instrumentalist approaches, showing (...)
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  50.  42
    Blood and immune cell engineering: Cytoskeletal contractility and nuclear rheology impact cell lineage and localization.Jae-Won Shin & Dennis E. Discher - 2015 - Bioessays 37 (6):633-642.
    Clinical success with human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation establishes a paradigm for regenerative therapies with other types of stem cells. However, it remains generally challenging to therapeutically treat tissues after engineering of stem cells in vitro. Recent studies suggest that stem and progenitor cells sense physical features of their niches. Here, we review biophysical contributions to lineage decisions, maturation, and trafficking of blood and immune cells. Polarized cellular contractility and nuclear rheology are separately shown to be functional markers of (...)
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