Even though Belgrade student protests emerged and ended abruptly after only seven days in June of 1968, they came as a cumulative point of a decade-long accumulated social dissatisfaction and antagonisms, as well as of philosophical investigations of the unorthodox Marxists of the Praxis school. It surprised the Yugoslav authorities as the first massive rebellion after WWII to explicitly criticize rising social inequality, bureaucratization and unemployment and demand free speech and abolishment of privileges. This article focuses on the intellectual destiny (...) and legacy of the eight professors from the Faculty of Philosophy close to the Praxis school, who were identified as the protests? instigators and subsequently expelled from the University of Belgrade due to their?ethico-political unsuitability?. Under both international and domestic pressure, they were later reemployed in a separate research unit named the Centre for Philosophy and Social Theory, where they kept their critical edge and argued for political pluralism. From the late 1980s onwards, they and their colleagues became politically active and at times occupied the highest positions in Serbia - Dragoljub Micunovic as one of the founders of the modern Democratic Party and the Speaker of the Parliament, former Serbian President and Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica and former Prime Minister late Zoran Djindjic. Still, while some members became strong anti-nationalists and anti-war activists, other embraced Serbian nationalism, therefore pivoting the intellectual split into the so called First and Second Serbia that marked Serbian society during the 1990s and remained influential to this day. (shrink)

The paper offers a formalization of reasoning about distributed multi-agent systems. The presented propositional probabilistic temporal epistemic logic $\textbf {PTEL}$ is developed in full detail: syntax, semantics, soundness and strong completeness theorems. As an example, we prove consistency of the blockchain protocol with respect to the given set of axioms expressed in the formal language of the logic. We explain how to extend $\textbf {PTEL}$ to axiomatize the corresponding first-order logic.

Publication date: 28 April 2021 Source: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences Vol. 90 Author: Zoran Mastilo, Nenad Božović, Dejan Mastilo The paper addresses and evaluates the currency board policy and assesses whether the currency board, as a form of monetary policy, is in the function of development of Bosnia and Herzegovina's national economy. In this context, a hypothesis that the currency board provides the foundation for growth and development of a transition economy is being put to the (...) test. To test the hypothesis, the paper compares the movement of economic growth indicators among the countries of South Eastern Europe with the primary focus on Bosnia and Herzegovina. By comparing the obtained results, as well as by applying the correlation and regression analysis, by means of simple linear regression, it is proven that the currency board does not represent an obstacle to economic growth, but is the basis for establishing the stability of the economy and the basis for sustainable growth and development able to adequately respond to shocks. (shrink)

The great variety of meditation techniques found in different contemplative traditions presents a challenge when attempting to create taxonomies based on the constructs of contemporary cognitive sciences. In the current issue of Consciousness and Cognition, Travis and Shear add ‘automatic self-transcending’ to the previously proposed categories of ‘focused attention’ and ‘open monitoring’, and suggest characteristic EEG bands as the defining criteria for each of the three categories. Accuracy of current taxonomies and potential limitations of EEG measurements as classifying criteria are (...) discussed. (shrink)

An extension of the notion of dinatural transformation is introduced in order to give a criterion for preservation of dinaturality under composition. An example of an application is given by proving that all bicartesian closed canonical transformations are dinatural. An alternative sequent system for intuitionistic propositional logic is introduced as a device, and a cut-elimination procedure is established for this system.

Raspravljamo o ulozi predpojmovnog kompleksnog mišljenja u znanstvenoj spoznaji i razvoju znanosti. Kompleksno mišljenje sa svom heterogenošću i imaginacijom omogućuje pojmovne strukture i reorganizaciju cjelokupnih teorijskih mreža, ali to 'naplaćuje' latentnim prisustvom protislovja i nekonzistentnosti. Galilei još nema izrađenu potpunu pojmovnu shemu mehanike, pa možemo reći da je njegove teorijska osnova uronjena u kompleksnu razinu, ali se oslanja na matematičku strukturu i eksperiment i time uspjeva formirati jednu stabilnu teorijsku organizaciju. Možemo u izvesnom smislu reći da je time kompleksno mišljenje (...) u znanosti bilo podignuto na višu razinu i dovedeno u pred-paradigmatično razdoblje. (shrink)

It is proved that MacLane''s coherence results for monoidal and symmetric monoidal categories can be extended to some other categories with multiplication; namely, to relevant, affine and cartesian categories. All results are formulated in terms of natural transformations equipped with graphs (g-natural transformations) and corresponding morphism theorems are given as consequences. Using these results, some basic relations between the free categories of these classes are obtained.

Rafael Malach is currently a professor in the department of Neurobiology at the Weizmann Institute in Israel. His current research is aimed at understanding how the neuronal circuitry in the human brain translates a stream of sensory stimuli into meaningful perception. Rafael Malach received his PhD in physiological optics from UC Berkeley and did his post-doctorate research at MIT. Originally doing research on the organization of neuronal connections in the primate brain, his focus has recently shifted to the study of (...) the human cerebral cortex using fMRI. Professor Malach has begun this research at Massachusetts General Hospital, exploring a new object-related region called the lateral occipital complex. Since then he expanded this research, studying the human visual cortex using a variety of methods, including adaptation paradigms, backward masking, and more recently naturalistic stimuli--all aimed at deciphering the intriguing link between perceptual experience and brain activity. (shrink)

U svetu arhajskog čoveka -- Kožev--"posthumni" mislilac -- Žan Delimo ili apologija pesimizma -- Pitanje tragedije.

Let us imagine an actor on stage presenting an impersonation of a certain politician, his manners and his body language. Now, suppose another actor sitting in the audience, impressed by the show and deciding to adopt something of his colleague’s style. He rents another stage and presents an impersonation of the same politician according to what he has learned. What does he actually do? In a certain sense he “imitates” the politician, but in another sense he “imitates” the first actor, (...) whose theatrical style he has adopted.These of course are two entirely different activities, but language marks them both as “imitation.” This lack of differentiation is not a caprice of a particular language; even languages that.. (shrink)

Publication date: 2 May 2019 Source: Author: Zoran Mastilo Aim of this paper is to, by means of comparative analysis, demonstrate that contemporary pension systems are limitation factors of development of the Republic of Srpska, and that they should be reformed and improved. Ultimately, pension systems should be the basis for development of the Republic of Srpska. They should significantly improve strengthening of financial markets, enhancement of capital markets, higher growth rates of the Republic of Srpska, idecrease of unemployment. (...) Private pension funds are to change the habits and ideas of every future insurance holder, aiming to make the pension rights a matter of concern of every individual, instead being the obligation and ballast of the society. Today, stabile financing of pension systems and their funds is becoming increasingly questionable. A gap is emerging between the area of rights gained by law and financial possibilities for their implementation. Pay-as-you-go systems, i.e. systems of inter-generation solidarityare particularly endangered. Adequate systematization of gathered data, i.e. evidence, should provide conclusions that pension systems are a limitation todevelopment of national economy. This claim is present in underdeveloped and developing countries, with developed economies also facing grave problems. (shrink)

We study a propositional probabilistic temporal epistemic logic $\textbf {PTEL}$ with both future and past temporal operators, with non-rigid set of agents and the operators for agents’ knowledge and for common knowledge and with probabilities defined on the sets of runs and on the sets of possible worlds. A semantics is given by a class ${\scriptsize{\rm Mod}}$ of Kripke-like models with possible worlds. We prove decidability of $\textbf {PTEL}$ by showing that checking satisfiability of a formula in ${\scriptsize{\rm Mod}}$ is (...) equivalent to checking its satisfiability in a finite set of finitely representable structures. The same procedure can be applied to the class of all synchronous ${\scriptsize{\rm Mod}}$-models. We give an upper complexity bound for the satisfiability problem for ${\scriptsize{\rm Mod}}$. (shrink)

In this paper we propose substructural propositional logic obtained by da Costa weakening of the intuitionistic negation. We show that the positive fragment of the da Costa system is distributive lattice logic, and we apply a kind of da Costa weakening of negation, by preserving, differently from da Costa, its fundamental properties: antitonicity, inversion, and additivity for distributive lattices. The other stronger paraconsistent logic with constructive negation is obtained by adding an axiom for multiplicative property of weak negation. After that, (...) we define Kripke-style semantics based on possible worlds and derive from it many-valued semantics based on truth-functional valuations for these two paraconsistent logics. Finally, we demonstrate that this model-theoretic inference system is adequate—sound and complete with respect to the axiomatic da Costa-like systems for these two logics. (shrink)

This article investigates the tenet of Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) that art, like philosophy, is a form of cognition different from literal knowledge by applying key OOO concepts to the analysis of the Renaissance painting The Ambassadors (1533), a double portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/98–1543). The Ambassadors is found to exemplify the key principles of OOO in its treatment of objects and their relationships. Through an OOO lens, the painting becomes not merely a literal representation of the subjects and (...) their possessions, but a dynamic interplay of real and sensual qualities that exceeds any straightforward paraphrase. The figures and objects in the work are not simply passive symbols, but active agents that withdraw from direct access, preserving their autonomy and inviting the viewer’s participatory engagement. Holbein’s masterpiece comes alive precisely by troubling its own representational coherence, drawing the viewer into an uncanny encounter with the withdrawn depths of objects. By reading The Ambassadors through an object-oriented framework, the painting exemplifies art’s capacity to operate as a non-literal form of cognition, irreducible to mere symbolic codes or propositional knowledge. (shrink)

This article critically examines the emergent phenomena of AI-generated and NFT art through the lens of Georg Lukács’ theory of reification and its existential implications. Lukács argued that under capitalism, social relations and human experiences are transformed into objective, quantifiable commodities, leading to a fragmented and alienated consciousness. Applying this framework to AI and NFT art, these technologies can be said to represent extreme examples of the reification of art and creativity in the digital age. AI art generators reduce artistic (...) production to abstract, computable properties divorced from lived experience, while NFTs transform digital art into speculative commodities, imposing the logic of private property and exchange value onto the previously open domain of online culture. The existential dimension of this reification is explored, raising questions about the nature of creativity, originality, and the value of art in an increasingly financialized and automated world. The article suggests that a Lukácsian critique must not only diagnose the reified character of these cultural forms but also identify their potential for resistance and transformation, pointing toward a re-humanized and emancipatory vision of art in the digital age. Contemporary theorists such as Tiziana Terranova, Nick Dyer-Witheford, and Benjamin Noys are invoked to further elucidate these issues. (shrink)

. A paraconsistent logic is a logical system that attempts to deal with contradictions in a discriminating way. In an earlier paper [Notre Dame J. Form. Log. 49, 401–424], we developed the systems of weakening of intuitionistic negation logic, called and, in the spirit of da Costa's approach by preserving, differently from da Costa, the fundamental properties of negation: antitonicity, inversion and additivity for distributive lattices. Taking into account these results, we make some observations on the modified systems of and, (...) and their paraconsistent properties. (shrink)

The paper is on the role of complex thought in the development of thought and scientific knowledge. According to Vigotsky, the complex thought is the first phase in the ontogenesis and phylogenesis of human thought. It is in this sense pre-conceptual. Also, according to Vigotsky, the complex thought has its internal genesis which begins with associative complexes and ends in pseudo-concepts. Complex also an explanatory role in scientific thought. Complex thought ppears on all levels and stages of the development of (...) scientific knowledge. Metaphors may appear in the complex thought as a dominant mode of thought or in the conceptual structure as the auxiliary in the explanation. Analogies present a certain structuration of the complex thought, which contributes to the creation of conceptual structure. The place of analogy is thus between a complex thought and conceptual thought. (shrink)

Razmatrajuci mesijansku ideju u novovekovnom judaizmu, autor se usredsredjuje na sabatajski pokret. On ispituje drustveno-istorijske i psiholoske razloge koji su omogucili masovno prihvatanje Sabataja Cvija za mesiju, kao i ostajanje vernim tom uverenju cak i kada je on izneverio velika ocekivanja, neocekivano presavsi u islamsku veru. Mladi rabin Natan iz Gaze, oslanjajuci se na Lurijinu kabalu, ne samo sto je ubedio jevrejski narod u to da je Sabataj Cvi dugo ocekivani mesija nego je i ponudio teorijsko opravdanje njegove navodno prividne (...) izdaje. Opravdanje sablaznjivog ponasanja Sabataja Cvija, koji je bio manijakalno-depresivna osoba, vodilo je kod ekstremnih sabatajaca do uverenja o svetosti greha, cime je mesijanska ideja u novovekovnom judaizmu izoblicena do krajnje grotesknosti. (shrink)

Sich auf Hegels Auffassung des Fanatismus st?tzend, versucht der Verfasser dieses Ph?nomen zu verstehen. Er weist darauf hin, dass f?r Fanatismus nicht nur der Einsatz f?r das abstrakte Allgemeine und die Verkehrung der moralischen Position in das eigene Gegenteil, sondern auch die Ausschliesslichkeit und?bertriebene Leidenschaft charakteristisch ist. Fanatismus und Individualismus gegen?berstellend, betont der Autor, dass es sich in beiden F?llen um eine Egoposition handelt. Im Unterschied zum starken, extrovertierten individualistischen Ego, handelt es sich im Fall des Fanatismus um das schwache, (...) inferiore Ego. Statt der falschen Alternative einer einseitigen Bevorzugung von Einzelnem oder Allgemeinem, sollte dialektisch Einzelnes und Allgemeines vermittelt werden. Es ist unm?glich den Fanatiker durch Argumente von der Falschheit seiner Position zu?berzeugen. Die einzige Weise, dass er auf sie verzichtet, ist es, eine religi?se Transformation zu erleben. Oslanjajuci se na Hegelovo shvatanje fanatizma, autor pokusava da razume ovaj fenomen. On ukazuje da za fanatizam nije karakteristicno samo zalaganje za apstraktno opste i preokretanje moralne pozicije u vlastitu suprotnost, nego takodje iskljucivost i preterana strast. Protivstavljajuci fanatizam i individualizam, autor naglasava da se u oba slucaja radi o ego poziciji. Za razliku od jakog, ekstrovertiranog individualistickog ega, u slucaju fanatizma radi se o slabom, inferiornom ja. Umesto lazne alternative jednostranog favorizovanja pojedinacnog ili opsteg, trebalo bi da pojedinacno i opste budu dijalekticki posredovani. Nemoguce je fanatika argumentima ubediti u laznost njegove pozicije. Jedini nacin da on od nje odustane je da dozivi religiozni preobrazaj. (shrink)

Nakon ukazivanja na razlicite religijske koncepcije porekla zla, autor se usredsredjuje na razmatranje hinduizma kao tipicnog primera monizma. Buduci da su indijska bozanstva zapravo manifestacije vecnog pranacela, ona u sebi sadrze jedinstvo suprotnosti, tj. imaju i svetlu i mracnu stranu. Zlo koje pogadja pojedinca tumaci se kao ogresenje o univerzalni kosmicki i moralni poredak. Ucenje da covekovu sudbinu odredjuju njegova dela iz prethodnih inkarnacija gotovo je opsteprihvaceno u Indiji. Ideja karme u isti mah obezbedjuje kosmicku pravdu i lisava Boga odgovornosti (...) za zlo u svetu. Apersonalni zakon karme ima takodje i pedagosku funkciju. Citav svet je proistekao iz brahmana i nalazi se u procesu evolucije. Kroz brojne zivote i razlicita iskustva, trpeci posledice svog ponasanja, individua stice duhovnu pouku. U vremenima kosmickih kriza, kada zlo preovladava svetom, Visnu se inkarnira u liku avatara da bi pobedio zlo i obnovio blokiranu evoluciju. Mada zlo biva porazeno, ono ipak ne moze biti sasvim iskorenjeno iz fizickog sveta. Spasenje je za coveka moguce tek kad sagori ego i, prosvetlivsi se transcendira sferu dualnosti. (shrink)