Le pancratiaste périodonique Markos Aurèlios Dèmostratos Damas de Sardes est connu par de nombreux témoignages trouvés dans sa patrie, à Rome, à Éphèse, à Delphes et en Egypte. Leur réexamen permet de reconstruire avec précision la carrière du champion, comme d'éclairer certains points de l'histoire des concours qu'il a remportés. Deux inscriptions d'Éphèse qui lui ont été rapportées ne doivent sans doute pas l'être. On peut proposer de nouveaux suppléments aux palmarès de Sardes et de Delphes ; un autre texte (...) delphique est identifié comme une nouvelle liste chronologique des victoires de Dèmostratos Damas. Le pancratiaste, dont le floruit se situe sous le règne de Marc Aurèle, a brillé en fin de carrière dans la boxe. Les statues dont on a retrouvé les bases ont été érigées essentiellement après sa carrière sportive, lorsqu'il exerce, sous Septime Sévère, les plus hautes charges au sein de l'association des athlètes. (shrink)

The object of this paper is to look at the extent and nature of the uses of analogy during the ªrst century following the so-called scientiªc revolution. Using the research tool provided by JSTOR we systematically analyze the uses of “analog” and its cognates (analogies, analogous, etc.) in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London for the period 1665–1780. In addition to giving the possibility of evaluating quantitatively the proportion of papers explicitly using analogies, this approach makes it (...) possible to go beyond the maybe idiosyncratic cases of Descartes, Kepler, Galileo, and other much studied giants of the so-called Scientiªc Revolution. As a result a classiªcation of types of uses is proposed. Relations between types of analogies and research ªelds are also established. In this paper we are less interested in discussing the “real nature” or “essence” or even the cognitive limitations of analogical thinking than in describing its various uses and different meanings as they changed over the course of a century. (shrink)

This paper deals with the problem of semiogenesis in the light of Saussure’s and Merleau-Ponty’s approaches. Semiogenesis here stands for the emergence of differentiated moments of expression taking form in the semiotic flow through various boundaries and polarities, therefore going far beyond the usual lexico-grammatical picture. Grounded on the Generalized Diacritical Turn of the Merleau-pontian phenomenology, we suggest to set up a critical examination, as well as a few proposals, of : the gestural approach of speech, the negativity of the (...) linguistic identity in Saussurian theory, the paradoxical status of the notion of value, the horizon of a system as a secondary effect of the ‘parole parlante’, meaning seen first as the unfolding of a figural field induced by an essentially ‘incomplete’ linguistic apparatus. The paper ends up with a set of questions and presumed limitations left by this Merleau-pontian diacritical frame. (shrink)

Que la musique soit faite pour etre ecoutee semble une evidence, et pourtant... C'est pour guider les melomanes et les aider a passer d'une audition passive a une ecoute active que Jean-Yves Bras partage ici son experience d'ecouteur. Apres avoir defini ce qu'est la musique, il s'interroge ensuite sur la nature de l'ecoute: que faut-il entendre par ecouter? Sur quoi porter notre attention? Comment ecouter? Les conditions materielles dans lesquelles nous consommons la musique, notre comportement au concert ou a (...) l'ecoute d'un disque, ont egalement une incidence importante sur la qualite de notre ecoute. Puis il analyse ces liens si mysterieux et si essentiels tisses entre compositeurs, interpretes et nous-memes, auditeurs. Enfin, il trace a grands traits l'histoire de nos oreilles de l'Antiquite a nos jours, pour conclure sur les differentes categories d'auditeurs actuels. Parallelement, l'auteur a cree un site Internet, www.artdecouter.fr, qui apporte un complement d'information agremente d'exemples sonores. Ce chemin d'initiation se parcourt sous forme de dialogue: une jeune personne souhaitant s'instruire, Mademoiselle Croche, nous permet par ses questions d'entendre s'ouvrir pour nous le langage de la musique. Jean-Yves Bras a ete directeur de la Documentation musicale de Radio France et a participe a de nombreuses emissions. Responsable artistique du Festival Chopin a Paris, il est l'auteur des Courants musicaux du XXe siecle et d'un ouvrage sur le chef d'orchestre Carlo Maria Giulini. (shrink)

Journal Name: Semiotica Issue: Ahead of print.

Publication du matériel amphorique recueilli lors de la fouille du quartier de la porte du Silène. Les amphores ou fragments d'amphores s'échelonnent du vie s. au me s. av. J.-C. Les vases importés proviennent surtout de la Grèce de l'Est (Chios, Samos, Milet, Lesbos, Rhodes et peut-être Glazomènes et Cos), mais il y a aussi des exemplaires issus d'ateliers de Mendé, de Corcyre et de Corinthe. Grâce à la découverte d'un lot de dix amphores rangées dans le cellier d'une maison, (...) on apporte la preuve que ce genre de récipient pouvait jouir d'une grande longévité. Il a été possible enfin d'enrichir la typologie des amphores thasiennes par la mise en évidence d'une forme nouvelle, créée vraisemblablement à l'époque archaïque, et en tout cas avant le milieu du ve s. (shrink)

We first start by clarifying what axiomatizing everything can mean. We then study a famous case of axiomatization, the axiomatization of natural numbers, where two different aspects of axiomatization show up, the model-theoretical one and the proof-theoretical one. After that we discuss a case of axiomatization in a sense opposed to the one of arithmetic, the axiomatization of the notion of order, where the idea is not to catch a specific structure, but a notion. A third mathematical case is then (...) examined, the one of identity, a simple and obvious notion, but that cannot be axiomatized in first-order logic. We then move on to more general notions: the axiomatization of causality and the universe. To end with we deal with an even more tricky question: the axiomatization of reasoning itself. In conclusion we discuss in the light of our investigations the relation between axiomatization and understanding. (shrink)

In some situations, a decision is best represented by an incompletely analyzed act: conditionally on a given event A, the consequences of the decision on sub-events are perfectly known and uncertainty becomes probabilizable, whereas the plausibility of this event itself remains vague and the decision outcome on the complementary event ${\bar{A}}$ is imprecisely known. In this framework, we study an axiomatic decision model and prove a representation theorem. Resulting decision criteria aggregate partial evaluations consisting of (i) the conditional expected utility (...) associated with the analyzed part of the decision, and (ii) the best and worst consequences of its non-analyzed part. The representation theorem is consistent with a wide variety of decision criteria, which allows for expressing various degrees of knowledge on ( ${A, \bar{A}}$ ) and various types of attitude toward ambiguity and uncertainty. This diversity is taken into account by specific models already existing in the literature. We exploit this fact and propose some particular forms of our model incorporating these models as sub-models and moreover expressing various types of beliefs concerning the relative plausibility of the analyzed and the non-analyzed events ranging from probabilities to complete ignorance that include capacities. (shrink)

Using methods of abstract logic and the theory of valuation, we prove that there is no paraconsistent negation obeying the law of double negation and such that $\neg(a\wedge\neg a)$ is a theorem which can be algebraized by a technique similar to the Tarski-Lindenbaum technique.

Nous sommes désormais entrés dans l’ontologie de l’inséparation. Un mouvement de fond nous a fait passer d’un univers humaniste composé d’entités séparables à un réel inséparé où tous les phénomènes devenus globalisés sont liés a priori (et non a posteriori), en intra- relation de co-évolution et de co-dépendance. Notre monde élabore une nouvelle condition d’existence, d’où la figure de l’Autre a disparu. Est-ce bien? Est-ce mal? Là n’est pas la question. Cela est.

Knowledge representation is one way to exploit expertise in a given domain by logical means. But, what kind of knowledge does one acquire from an inference (or inference on a query result over a knowledge base)? Such a question may appear awkward since the answer seems so obvious: from an inference, one simply acquires knowledge. This is undoubtedly the case when only one type of knowledge (for instance, expert knowledge) is involved in an inference. What if several types of knowledge (...) are involved? What type of knowledge can one deduce from a plurality of knowledge types? I claim that reasoning with different knowledge concepts requires a fine-grained representation of knowledge in which every knowledge type finds a singular expression in order to avoid some epistemic equivocity associated with a coarse-grained representation of knowledge. In the first part of the paper, I revisit the Muddy Children Puzzle, which usually serves to illustrate common knowledge in dynamic epistemic logic. I try to show that this problem also shows some sort of epistemic equivocity between concepts of knowledge and, consequently, that the problem calls for some epistemological refinements concerning the representation of the types of knowledge at play in an inference. In the second part, I address this issue from a semantic point of view, and I develop a fragment of epistemic logic capable of providing a solution to the problem of epistemic equivocity. (shrink)

Le XVIIIe siècle est l'âge d'or du matérialisme français. Qu'il prolonge la doctrine de la nécessité des événements de Hobbes, qu'il retourne la théorie des animaux machines contre Descartes pour penser l'homme machine, qu'il renouvelle l'idée d'une science de l'homme à partir d'une critique de l'intériorité subjective ou invente de nouveaux modèles, on retrouve souvent dans les œuvres les plus importantes la tentative de fournir une explication homogène de la nature, de la société et de l'esprit. Mais cet âge d'or (...) du matérialisme français, tout central qu'il fut dans la pensée des Lumières, n'y fut pourtant pas dominant. C'est pourquoi, outre son aspect proprement théorique, son style est polémique et critique: contre les fictions de la métaphysique, contre l'hypocrisie morale, contre la superstition religieuse. Affrontant directement les pouvoirs ecclésiastique, politique, universitaire, certains textes matérialistes ont vécu, comme on le sait, une vie clandestine et connu une histoire souterraine. Il est question ici de trois matérialistes français majeurs: La Mettrie, Helvétius et d'Holbach. Si ces trois auteurs sont privilégiés, c'est pour remettre au premier plan des œuvres qui ont été parfois éclipsées par l'ombre immense portée par une autre figure importante: Diderot. Mais Diderot n'est bien entendu pas absent du volume. Il se pourrait même que ce soit dans une confrontation avec lui que se dessinent les voies du matérialisme. (shrink)

Toute la philosophie de Leibniz tend essentiellement à réconcilier la raison avec la foi. Ces deux aspects de l'intelligibilité ne doivent point être dissociés sous prétexte d'objectivité ou de révélation. Ni la nature n'est dépourvue de la grâce, ni celle-ci n'est étrangère à la phénoménalité. L'univers présente deux plans distincts mais complémentaires, inexplicables l'un sans l'autre : celui des causes finales et celui des causes efficientes ; vouloir négliger les unes au profit des autres, c'est ne pas accepter les conséquences (...) logiques de la définition de Dieu. La philosophie de Leibniz, c'est surtout la doctrine de la substance et de l'harmonie préétablie, car cet univers qui fait l'objet d'une investigation scientifique, représente une hiérarchie de substances plus ou moins complexes qui justifient, à la fois, le purement phénoménal, ou saisi comme tel, et l'exclusivement ontologique et moral."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

If it is true, as Bergson claimed, that the universe is the sum of images, and if it is correct, as Deleuze said, that this hypothesis bears direct consequences for our understanding of the cinematographic art, then the analysis of cinematographic images and, especially, of the cinematographic images of the body can provide not only interesting aesthetic comments about specific directors and films, but also a philosophical understanding of the diverse modes of the sensible incarnation of human bodies. Interestingly enough, (...) the more we believe in the truth of aesthetic images, the more we believe in the ontological reality of the body, that is, the more does ontological reality become, essentially, “imaginal.”. (shrink)

Lehar (rightly) insists on the volumetric character of our experience of space. He claims that three-dimensional space stems from the functional three-dimensional topology of the brain. But his “Gestalt Bubble” model of volumetric space bears an intrinsically static structure – a kind of theater, or “diorama,” bound to the visual modality. We call attention to the ambivalence of Gestalt legacy and question the status and precise import of Lehar's model and the phenomenology that motivates it.

YVES CHARLES ZARKA — Éric Marty, je suis content d’avoir un dialogue avec vous aujourd’hui. Il y a un moment déjà que je souhaitais discuter d’un phénomène qui est pour moi assez surprenant. Je pense au nombre de publications actuelles en France sur la question juive, les Juifs, le Juif, parfois sur la dénomination « juif ». On ne sait plus très bien. Des ouvrages à répétition,..

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Heidegger and Dao: Things, Nothingness, Freedom by Eric S. NelsonJean-Yves Heurtebise (bio)Heidegger and Dao: Things, Nothingness, Freedom. Eric S. Nelson. London: Bloomsbury, 2024. Pp. viii + 256. Paper $103.50, ISBN 978-1-350411-90-6.On the Way: from Heidegger to Nagarjuna via Lao-ZhuangAfter having reviewed Eric S. Nelson’s 2017 Chinese and Buddhist Philosophy in Early Twentieth-Century German Thought (for the Journal of Chinese Philosophy) and his 2020 Daoism and Environmental Philosophy (...) (for Monde Chinois Nouvelle Asie), reviewing now, for Philosophy East & West, Nelson’s 2024 Heidegger and Dao: Things, Nothingness, Freedom, which develops on the insights of his two previous opuses, is both a real pleasure and a true challenge. It’s a pleasure to read again Eric S. Nelson’s scholarly prose with its own specific conceptual style and distinctive philosophical rhythm. It’s a challenge to give a meaningful and fair overview of a conceptually complex, scholarly rich, and thought-provoking book.No one can speak better about the aim and goals of Nelson’s book than the author himself--following the wayist way of spontaneous ziranity, we will thus let the book speak for itself:Its primary thesis is that, entangled with Daoist and other intercultural sources, Heidegger’s path proceeds from the paradigmatic Occidental philosophy of available givenness and mere presence--which conceals the open spacing of things and seeks to logically exclude and dialectically subordinate negativity and the nothing--to nothingness, emptiness, and the clearing in their coming to presence and withdrawal in absence or, to accentuate its mutable verbal sense, presencing-absencing. […] Zhuangzi’s vision of free and easy wandering indicates ways of practicing philosophy as contesting and unraveling fixations. These practices allow rethinking Heidegger’s pathways and reimagining for ourselves things, nothingness, and world in the specificity of our existential condition.(p. 10)These lines can give already a good indication about what the reader will be provided with: a Heideggerian reading of Daoism nurturing and enriching a Daoist reading of Heidegger; a Daoist reinterpretation of the late Heidegger feeding and complexifying a Heideggerian Pre-Socratic reinterpretation of early Daoism; a continuous feedback loop leading to a process of mutual symbiosis and multiple conceptually creative hybridizations. Ziran and Dao are used to unlock the concealed potentialities of overdetermined Western concepts such as Nature and Ethos while the Heideggerian deconstruction of “Western metaphysics” is [End Page 1] used to de-Eurocentricize our understanding of Daoist and Buddhist thoughts about Thing and Nothingness.The book is divided in two parts: the first part deals with the concept of Thing, the second with the concept of Nothingness. Thing and Nothingness seem to be the perfect antithesis but the magic of Nelson’s reading of their tri-cultural Daoist, Buddhist and Heideggerian conceptualization is to dissipate the classical, ontological antinomy between Being and Non-Being to explore what’s both beyond and below: the natural source of life emergence, coming and returning to a Nothing that is Everything via a Thing that is never Anything (a ready-made and exchangeable object in the universal trading scheme of capitalist general equivalence) but always Something (this and that in particular, in their own specific rhythm of coming back and forth, from and to their source of un-nothingity).The first five chapters evoke the issue of the encounter of Heidegger and Daoist thinking in relation to the deconstruction of Thingness. In the first chapter, Nelson proposes a cross-cultural perspective about the Nature of the Thing linking Heidegger’s critique of the reduction of Things’ Presence to Functional Tools to the Daoist extended conception of Things in terms of Multitude (wanwu 萬物), in which objects, living beings, and spirits participate in the fabric of reality. Chapter 2 examines the connection between Heidegger’s and Daoism’s understanding of “nature” as manifesting a distinct yet similar attention to things’ autopoiesis: following the natural disclosing and unfolding of “things” entails a specific way to think and be in the world. In chapter 3, a comparison is established between Heidegger and Laozi with respect to the notion of void and emptiness: the fact that what powers the utility of a thing is what... (shrink)