Com o diagnóstico de uma enfermidade, pacientes e familiares enfrentam situações como exames médicos, aceitar as limitações e possibilidades, mas também questões relativas aos processos comunicacionais no entorno da doença. Sendo assim, objetivamos, compreender a construção das subjetividades de pacientes com Síndrome de Turner nas plataformas digitais, em uma sociedade em vias de midiatização. Portanto, traz-se os conceitos de midiatização (GOMES, 2016), e subjetividades (MORI; GONZALÉZ REY, 2012). Compreendemos que a elaboração das subjetividades de pacientes se torna mais (...) complexa com o processo de midiatização, pois envolve formas tentativas de partilha de experiências. Assim, a alteridade se mostra como central para a auto elaboração, autocompreensão e formação das percepções individuais e coletivas. (shrink)

O estudo investigou indicadores da síndrome de couvade em pais primíparos durante a gravidez das esposas. Participaram 30 casais com idades entre 20 e 35 anos que estavam em diferentes trimestres da gestação. Os pais e as gestantes responderam individualmente a uma entrevista semi-estruturada que in..

O estudo objetivou investigar a Síndrome de Burnout em professores de Educação Física no período de pandemia de Covid-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, na qual a amostra foi constituída por 31 professores de Educação Física do município de Marechal Cândido Rondon/PR. Foram utilizados questionário sociodemográfico e Maslach Burnout Inventory para educadores. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva (média e desvio padrão). Os resultados demonstraram que os índices das dimensões foram classificados como alto para exaustão emocional e médio (...) para realização profissional e despersonalização. Na correlação das variáveis, os dados mostraram fraca correlação negativa entre realização profissional e exaustão emocional e/ou despersonalização. Concluímos que para minimizar os riscos aos professores, destacam-se algumas sugestões: apoio e tratamento emocional, reduzir o excesso de trabalho, proporcionar o aumento de horas atividade, atividades de lazer e exercício físico regular. (shrink)

Este artículo propone un análisis de las relaciones entre una idea clave del pensamiento filosófico moderno como es la del llamado cogito cartesiano y un trastorno de naturaleza psiquiátrica descrito por el médico francés Jules Cotard en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX. Mientras que Descartes, y toda la estela de sus descendientes, habrían tendido a situar en la existencia auto-trasparente del sujeto el fundamento de la filosofía en la Modernidad, los pacientes aquejados del síndrome de Cotard piensan, con (...) el mismo grado de evidencia clara y distinta, que no existen. El ensayo termina por sugerir que trastornos psicopatológicos como el de Cotard tienden a disolver la hipóstasis cartesiana del ego apuntando en la dirección de un sujeto concebido como anómalo y atravesado por discontinuidades. (shrink)

The essays in Practicing Gnosis demonstrate that the Gnostics were not necessarily trendy intellectuals seeking epistomological certainities. Instead, this book explores how Gnostics were seeking religious experiences that relied on practices including ritual, magic, liturgy, and theurgy. This book celebrates the career of Birger A. Pearson.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se professores de ensino universitário e de ensino não universitários de instituições educacionais particulares da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre - RS diferem quanto às dimensões que caracterizam a Síndrome de Burnout: Exaustão Emocional, Despersonalização..

Este artigo objetivou investigar a síndrome de burnout em estudantes de um curso técnico de enfermagem. Procurou identificar também a existência de associação entre variáveis demográficas e escolares e fatores de estresse numa amostra de 255 estudantes. Como instrumentos de pesquisa foi utilizado um..

A síndrome de burnout é um fenómeno psicossocial que resulta de uma tensão emocional crónica, vivenciada pelos profissionais cujo trabalho envolve o relacionamento intenso e frequente com pessoas que necessitam de algum tipo de cuidado. O objectivo deste estudo foi comparar a prevalência e os factor..

El presente estudio busca determinar posibles diferencias por sexo en la aparición de variables asociadas al síndrome de Burnout medidos a través del clima y la satisfacción organizacional en una muestra de 233 trabajadores de la ciudad de Arica, pertenecientes a cinco diferentes actividades económicas (educación, salud, comercio de tangibles e intangibles, y administración pública).

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os perfis da síndrome de burnout, em professores da Educação Básica, por sexo. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com amostra de 184 participantes. Foram utilizados o Questionnaire Burnout Clinical Subtype e o questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados apontaram que não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas para os perfis “Frenético”, na comparação ao sexo. Por outro lado, as análises sinalizaram uma diferença estatisticamente significativa para o perfil “Subdesafiado”. A ausência de diferença no perfil Frenético, em relação (...) ao sexo, se restringe às circunstâncias laborais de ensino experimentadas por professores e professoras, mas não traz explicações conclusivas sobre a experiência das professoras, no tocante ao conflito, manejo e às experiências da interface ensino/tarefas domésticas, durante a etapa de emergência em saúde pública. No que se refere ao perfil subdesafiado, a diferença encontrada entre homens e mulheres pode ser oriunda do estilo de manejo emocional e cognitivo, estabelecido pela cultura, para os homens, em diversas instâncias sociais. No tocante ao perfil desgastado, as diferenças, por sexo, em suas experiências de esgotamento foram equalizadas pelos desafios de lecionar. (shrink)

The Property Theory of attitudes holds that the contents of mental states --- especially de se states --- are properties. The "nonexistence problem" for the Property Theory holds that the theory gives the wrong consequences as to which worlds "fit" which mental states: which worlds satisfy desires, make beliefs true, and so on. If I desire to not exist, since there is no world where I have the property of not existing, my desire is satisfied in no worlds. In this (...) paper I argue that the problem can be solved with a suitable account of how properties as mental states fit worlds. The solution relies on a distinction between to kinds of property-instantiation at worlds inspired by Fine's distinction between "inner" and "outer" truth. (shrink)

Entrenched biases in favour of large, charismatic mammals, towards predators, towards terrestrial animals and towards species that have cultural importance can influence the selection of candidate species for de-extinction research. Often, the species with the highest existence value will also be the ones that raise the most serious animal welfare concerns.

This paper offers a paleobiological perspective on the debate concerning the possible use of biotechnology to bring back extinct species. One lesson from paleobiology is that extinction selectivity matters in addition to extinction rates and extinction magnitude. Combining some of Darwin’s insights about artificial selection with the theory of species selection that paleobiologists developed in the 1970s and 1980s provides a useful context for thinking about de-extinction. Using recent work on the prioritization of candidate species for de-extinction as a test (...) case, the paper argues that de-extinction would be a form of artificial species selection in which humans influence which species persist vs. go extinct. This points to a serious gap in our ethical theory: Much work has been done to clarify the value of biological diversity, but we also need theoretical guidance for decisions that amount to species sorting, and that will shape the macroevolutionary future. (shrink)

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (SQT) en una muestra de maestros portugueses. La muestra estuvo formada por 211 maestros de distintos colegios portugueses, 150 (71,10%) mujeres y 61 (28,90%) hombres. Para evaluar el SQT se utilizó el "C..

In the present article I investigate whether Augustine’s account of the books of the Platonists through the words of John’s prologue is linked to his grapple with Manichaean doctrine and worldview in Confessiones 7, I explore particularly whether his choice to treat the libri Platonicorum by quoting from John 1:1-16, a passage that defines his intellectual breakthrough in the narrative of book 7, is used as a subtle opportunity to defend the Catholic interpretation of scriptures against the Manichaean interpretation. This (...) is especially in terms of certain doctrinal points in contention such as the nature of God and the soul (the spiritual rather than material realities), the triune God as Creator, and the role of Christ as the Word incarnate, where John becomes an important proof text. Moreover, I explore whether Augustine’s use of John forms part of an exercise to encourage readers of the Confessions including the potential Manichaean reader, to adopt this way of thinking about God. I finally draw some preliminary conclusions on the way in which an awareness of the Manichaean reader may have shaped Augustine’s rendering of John and consequently his formulation of this search for God and the role of Christ in Confessions 7. (shrink)

Eric Katz’s insight about the relationship between causal history and value only generates a principled critique of de-extinction when conjoined with the diminishment claim, or the claim that human involvement in something’s causal history diminishes its value. The diminishment claim is a form of negative anthropocentrism. In addition to thinking about de-extinction as a form of ecological restoration, we could think of it as a form of environmental artwork. This reframing highlights the implausibility of the diminishment claim.

El texto de Oscar Robledo nos transporta hacia un París muy distinto de aquel de las postales, donde convive la miseria del mundo con la opulencia de los “exitosos”. Una ciudad hermosa y brillante, donde polulan también los cuerpos semiproletarizados de los estudiantes latinoamericanos y tantos otros inmigrantes; los mismos que viven en 12 metros cuadrados y que combaten la soledad, el hambre y la precariedad mediante el calor de sus cuerpos y los encuentros sexuales casi frenéticos. Más allá de (...) los lugares comunes y los estereotipos, la descripción de la vida de estos seres insertos en una de las ciudades más ricas del mundo, es una crónica del subdesarrollo en el corazón del país que inventó el lujo. Es la historia de tantos soñadores ávidos de una cultura que apenas los recibe con la indiferencia de quien se siente parte de una civilización “superior”. (shrink)

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um panorama do percurso que levou ao esclarecimento da Síndrome de Down, principalmente a partir da segunda metade do século XX, no que diz respeito à sua caracterização e etiologia enquanto uma condição genética. Para isso, nos baseamos em fontes primárias e em fontes secundárias, levando também em conta os aspectos sociais envolvidos. Esta pesquisa mostra como o conhecimento sobre a Síndrome de Down foi sendo construído e seu impacto no tratamento pela (...) sociedade, levando-a reconhecer os indivíduos com a síndrome a partir de uma condição genética e não como doentes. Esperamos que este estudo possa contribuir para a compreensão das ideias atuais sobre o assunto. (shrink)

This article provides ethical guidance on using race in health research as a variable or in defining the study population. To this end, a plain, non-exhaustive checklist is provided for researchers and research ethics committees, preceded by a brief introduction on the need for justification when using race as a variable or in defining a study population, the problem of exoticism, that distinctions pertain between race, ethnicity and ancestry, the problematic naming of races, and that race does not serve well (...) as a presumed biological construct in genetic research. (shrink)

How did Casanova learn the theory of sex? Why did male pornographers write in the characters of women? What happens when philosophers take sexuality seriously and the sex-writers present their outrageous fantasies as an educational, philosophical quest? Schooling Sex is the first full history of early modern libertine literature and its reception, from Aretino and Tullia d'Aragona in 16th century Italy to Pepys, Rochester, and Behn in late 17th century England. James Turner explores the idea of sexual education, from (...) the simple instructional dialogue to the advanced experiments of the philosophical libertine, analysing the hard-core curiculum that defined sexuality centuries before the Marquis de Sade. He shows how close, nuanced readings of neglected but compelling texts - like the searingly explicit Alcibiade fanciullo, L'escole des filles, and Aloisia Sigea - link them to larger issues of gender politics, aesthetics, literary criticism, sexual history, medical science, mind-body philosophy, and the educational revolution. (shrink)

Practice relativism is the idea that practices are foundational for bodies of activity and thought, and differ from one another in ways that lead those who constitute the world in terms of them to incommensurable or conflicting conclusions. It is true that practices are not criticizable in any simple way because they are largely tacit and inaccessible. But to make them relativistic one needs an added claim: that practices are "normative", or conceptual in character. It is argued that this is (...) not supportable by any explanatory necessity, and that the differences in outcomes, though real, are not instances of relativism. /// El relativismo de prácticas es la idea de que las prácticas sirven de fundamento para cuerpos de actividad y pensamiento, y que difieren unas de otras de maneras que llevan a aquellos que constituyen el mundo en esos términos a conclusiones inconmensurables o contradictorias. Es cierto que las prácticas no son criticables de ninguna manera simple porque en general son tácitas e inaccesibles. Pero para que sean relativistas hace falta una tesis adicional: que las prácticas son normativas o conceptuales. Aquí se arguye que esto no puede sustentarse en ninguna necesidad explicativa, y que las diferencias en resultados, si bien son reales, no son casos de relativismo. (shrink)

Practice Then and Now"Practice theory" has a long history in philosophy, under various names, but current practice theory is a response to failures of projects of modernity or enlightenment which attempt to reduce science or politics to formulae. Heidegger, Oakeshott, and MacIntyre are each examples of philosophers who turned to practice conceptions. Foucault and Bourdieu made similar turns. Practice accounts come in different forms: some emphasize skill-like individual accomplishments, others emphasize the social character or presupposition-like character of the tacit conditions (...) of activities. The Social Theory of Practices problematized the idea of sameness, the idea that participants in an activity had the same tacit possessions, which undermined the idea that practices were collective objects in which individuals participated. Later critics, such as Schatzki and Rouse, emphasized the normative coherence and character of practice, which has a collective aspect. Pickering and others suggested a notion of practices that was de-mentalized and focused on the objects that were part of the practical activity, which provided for the continuity and sociality of practice without collectivizing its mental content. The discovery of mirror neurons suggested a non-collective mode of transmission of practices. The implications of these developments can be seen in connection with ethics, where the conflict between the ethical and the practical can be understood in terms of the intrinsic conflict between the need to behave successfully and our learned ethical intuitions. (shrink)

Last year I published a short article urging bioethicists to carefully examine the question of what ought to constitute the canonical issues topics and questions driving research and teaching in bioethics. Why some subjects dominate the field whereas other topics are regarded as matters for scholars in other disciplines is a question that has intrigued me for nearly a decade. How are the boundaries of bioethics established? What factors influence research agendas and the creation of bioethics curricula? How do funding (...) agencies, editors, and leading scholars shape the field of bioethics? These questions are increasingly receiving scrutiny from Charles Bosk, Raymond De Vries, and other researchers as they explore the sociology of bioethics and the “construction” of the “ethical enterprise.". (shrink)

El propósito de este estudio es determinar las variables asociadas al desarrollo del Burnout en trabajadores de establecimientos educacionales municipalizados de la ciudad de Arica, analizando los resultados según estamento y diagnóstico de Burnout. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico por disponibilidad, constituyéndose la muestra con 120 personas (71.7% mujeres y 28.3% hombres; un 30.8% presentó Burnout, un 40% evidenció riesgo de experimentarlo, y el 29.2% no presentaba signos de éste). Los modelos de regresión permiten explicar las puntuaciones para las (...) tres dimensiones del Burnout (según estamento y diagnóstico) a partir de las variables de orden grupal, personal y organizacional. Finalmente, se logra establecer cuáles son las variables que inciden en el desarrollo del Síndrome de Burnout en la muestra utilizada. (shrink)

Okay, Professor Turner is not Rodney King. He is not responding to bioethicists and social scientists running amuck, setting automobiles aflame, and pelting each other with rocks and broken bottles. He does not come right out and ask, “Why can't we all just get along?” But in its academic way, Turner's essay is an effort to negotiate a truce in the interdisciplinary squabbles that plague bioethics, a plea to move bioethics beyond the “misleading” and “unhelpful” “demarcation of disciplinary (...) goals” that leads to “dichotomous thinking” and “polemical accusations.”. (shrink)

Sociology once debated ‘the social’ and did so with a public readership. Even as late as the Second World War, sociologists commanded a wide public on questions about the nature of society, altruism and the direction of social evolution. As a result of several waves of professionalization, however, these issues have vanished from academic sociology and from the public writings of sociologists. From the 1960s onwards sociologists instead wrote for the public by supporting social movements. Discussion within sociology became constrained (...) both by ‘professional’ expectations and political taboos. Yet the original motivating concerns of sociology and its public, such as the compatibility of socialism and Darwinism, the nature of society, and the process of social evolution, did not cease to be of public interest. With sociologists showing little interest in satisfying the demand, it was met by non-sociologists, with the result that sociology lost both its intellectual public, as distinct from affinity groups, and its claim on these topics. (shrink)

Norbert Elias (2001) produced one of the most influential theories on the history of violence in human societies in terms of ‘the civilizing process’. With the transformation of feudalism, the rise of bourgeois society and the development of the modern state, interpersonal violence was increasingly regulated by social norms that emphasized self-restraint and personal discipline. His theory was a moral pedagogics of the body in which the ‘passions’ are self-regulated through detailed social regimes. While his theory is influential, it has (...) also been the subject of systematic criticism. I examine three obvious lacunae in Elias’ theory. First, his theory does not provide an adequate account of the role of religion in the civilizing process, particularly with respect to controlling human violence, and I examine Elias’ theory through a commentary on charisma and the sacred in human society, namely the role of sacred violence. Second, Elias had relatively little to say about the interaction between military technology and interpersonal norms. Modern technology has made it possible, both in peace and war, for the state and modern military institutions to gain control of forms of mass violence that were unimaginable in less civilized societies. We could accept Elias’ proposition about constraint in terms of interpersonal violence, but argue that modern technology has obviously enhanced the capacity of the means of violence in society. This ‘de-personalization’ of violence is consistent with aspects of Elias’ civilization theory. However, the theme of technology was completely understated. Third, apart from Elias’ interest in art and society as a consequence of his teaching appointment in Ghana (1962–4), his theory was primarily concerned to explain aspects of social change in European society. An exploration of the evolution of military violence and charisma among American Plains Indians, especially the Cheyenne, is intended as an elaboration of the debate around Elias’ ‘figurational sociology’. Through an examination of the training of warriors in nomadic Plains culture, their mode of warfare is defined as a form of spiritual violence, because warfare was bound up with religious norms of conduct and their military interaction was highly ritualized. These spiritual technologies are an important illustration of military technologies of self-creation. My account concludes with an examination of the nature of modern conflict between professional armies within an international human rights framework. The democratization of warfare results in the routinization of military charisma and the charismatic hero survives primarily in popular culture as a celebrity. (shrink)

Max Weber is a dominating presence in western sociology, but his legacy remains a matter of considerable controversy. His influence is felt in the philosophy of social science, in theories of class, status and power, and of course in the various substantive areas where he had a lasting impact. However this article argues that his comparative studies of religion form the core of both substantive and theoretical interests. Firstly the interpretation of his oeuvre is skewed towards by excessive attention to (...) the Protestant Ethic thesis, which was in fact only two essays that explored an issue that was already well known in German academic circles. Secondly Weber’s contribution to the study of Axial Age religions has only recently received adequate attention. The Axial Age religions emerging between 800 and 200 BCE created the foundations of the world religions through the idea of transcendence and developed a critical view of the everyday empirical world. Thus I argue that more attention should be given to his view of the interface between politics and religion. Weber pessimistically concluded that the world is dominated by ‘unbrotherliness’ and that the ethic of brotherly love in the major religions had come to nothing. (shrink)

A POSTURA FILOSÓFICA DO INTÉRPRETE DO DIREITO, A SÍNDROME DE ABDULA E A NECESSÁRIA CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA AUTONOMIA PEDAGÓGICO-UNIVERSITÁRIA.