Innovating new experiences is an innovation strategy that increases product differentiation and the perceived value of offers for future autonomous cars. Young Chinese customers are a relevant target group of lead users to co-create those experiences. We address the co-creation of memorable and engaging experiences with targeted potential users and the building of the meaning of experiential imaginary that results from innovations (based on digital media) echoing the need for sensory atmospherics while strolling in the city. We aim at understanding (...) how customers can co-create meaningful experiences. We analyze the narrative structures of the experiential imaginaries, considering the narratives as a major component of ambiance experiences and imaginary. With an empirical approach that associates projective techniques to semiotic analysis of the corresponding narratives, we describe the structural system of the experiential imaginary of young Chinese customers when imagining driving in the city in tomorrow’s cars. Semiotics offers a novel contribution to innovation marketing and idea generation of experiential innovations. This theoretical stance valorizes the outside-in paradigm of future lead-users as co-creators of innovative experiences, whose imaginary narratives are raw materials for creativity. This approach is an alternative to brainstorming and its limits for creating disruptive innovations. (shrink)

This article examines the points of similarity and the differences between the Patočkian concept of interpellation and Merleau-Ponty’s concept of chiasmus. These two modes of relating-to-being through language and body, perception and space share the same character of reversibility and openness to the other. However, the “co-respondance” between the subject and the world is not approached by the two phenomenological philosophers from the same perspective. Being-questioned is the inter-psychical event specific to one’s experience of others and of the world; the (...) chiasmatic structure is the bedrock of the ontological relationship and the intercorporeity of beings. Close, but distinct one from the other, interpellation and chiasm partially reveal the common preoccupations of two philosophers whose dialogue History never allowed to occur. (shrink)

Since its origin in the early 20th century, the modern synthesis theory of evolution has grown to represent the orthodox view on the process of organic evolution. It is a powerful and successful theory. Its defining features include the prominence it accords to genes in the explanation of development and inheritance, and the role of natural selection as the cause of adaptation. Since the advent of the 21st century, however, the modern synthesis has been subject to repeated and sustained challenges. (...) In the last two decades, evolutionary biology has witnessed unprecedented growth in the understanding of those processes that underwrite the development of organisms and the inheritance of characters. The empirical advances usher in challenges to the conceptual foundations of evolutionary theory. Many current commentators charge that the new biology of the 21st century calls for a revision, extension, or wholesale rejection of the modern synthesis theory of evolution. Defenders of the modern synthesis maintain that the theory can accommodate the exciting new advances in biology, without forfeiting its central precepts. The original essays collected in this volume—by evolutionary biologists, philosophers of science, and historians of biology—survey and assess the various challenges to the modern synthesis arising from the new biology of the 21st century. Taken together, the essays cover a spectrum of views, from those that contend that the modern synthesis can rise to the challenges of the new biology, with little or no revision required, to those that call for the abandonment of the modern synthesis. (shrink)

We give a simplified version of the system introduced in ‘Non-Redundancy’, presented here as a Modal Logic whose primitive elements are finite sequences. It includes a treatment of Condition C, Condition B, Condition A, and the Locality of Variable Binding, but disregards quantification and Weak and Strong Crossover effects, which are treated in the longer paper.

L’objectif de ce dossier est d’interroger les liens qui unissent la philosophie et la littérature sous le double point de vue des savoirs et des formes de pensées que contribuent à produire les textes philosophiques et les textes littéraires, envisagés dans leur confrontation ou leur interaction ; et de la dimension pratique de ces savoirs et de ces pensées, dès lors qu’ils sont engagés dans la dynamique d’une expérience transformatrice de soi et du monde. Il s’agit donc d’abord de nourrir (...) u... (shrink)

This paper argues that in some explanations mathematics are playing an explanatory rather than a representational role, and that this feature unifies many types of non-causal or non-mechanistic explanations that some philosophers of science have been recently exploring under various names. After showing how mathematics can play either a representational or an explanatory role by considering two alternative explanations of a same biological pattern—“Bergmann’s rule”—I offer an example of an explanation where the bulk of the explanatory job is done by (...) a mathematical theorem, and where mechanisms involved in the target systems are not explanatorily relevant. Then I account for the way mathematical properties may function in an explanatory way within an explanation by arguing that some mathematical propositions involving variables non directly referring to the target system features constitute constraints to which a whole class of systems should comply, provided they are describable by a mathematical object concerned by those propositions. According to such “constraint account”, those mathematical facts are directly entailing the explanandum, as a consequence of such constraints. I call those explanations “structural”, because here properties of mathematical structures are accounting for the explanandum; various kinds of mathematical structures thereby define various types of structural explanations. (shrink)

Dans la relation éducative coexistent transfert et relation. Dans la relation familiale vont exister une dépendance et une relation réelles évoluant progressivement vers la construction d’imagos parentales. Les parents peuvent transmettre à leurs enfants un certain nombre de codes et de règles à condition de s’en sentir les dépositaires et les garants. À travers l’éducation de leurs enfants les parents doivent pouvoir assumer une façon de faire sous-tendus par une façon d’être. Ceci ne peut se comprendre qu’à la faveur d’un (...) véritable processus de filiation. (shrink)

In the tradition of quantified modal logic, it was assumed that significantly different linguistic systems underlie reference to individuals, to times and to ‘possible worlds’. Various results from recent research in formal semantics suggest that this is not so, and that there is in fact apervasive symmetrybetween the linguistic means with which we refer to these three domains. Reference to individuals, times and worlds is uniformly effected through generalized quantifiers, definite descriptions, and pronouns, and in each domain grammatical features situate (...) the reference of terms as near, far or ‘further’ from the actual or from a reported speech act. We outline various directions in which a program ofontological symmetrycould be developed, and we offer in theAppendixa symmetric fragment developed in a logic that can be seen as a compromise between an extensional and an intensional system. (shrink)

À la pensée de l'infini, il nous vient une idée de Dieu; c'est une élaboration de notre entendement fini, imparfait. Nous avons appris, par ceux qui nous ont précédés, combien profonde et difficile est cette idée. Toute notre civilisation s'est édifiée sur le fondement que nous nommons judéo-chrétien, mais hellène aussi, quoiqu'en ce temps qui est nôtre nous en sommes venus à rejeter cette expérience. D'ailleurs, le triomphe de la civilisation marchande a recouvert d'un manteau d'oubli une longue accoutumance, au (...) point qu'une pensée de l'absolue désespérance a gagné nos esprits, résolus à oublier le divin. C'est précisément ce que nous ne pouvons, parce qu'il est en nous une obligation d'éprouver, en dépit de notre imperfection et à cause d'elle, ce qui nous appelle vers l'infini, présent en l'âme et notre boussole en ce monde. Le présent écrit n'est pas un traité; tout au plus une patiente exploration."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

My paper begins with a reflection on the Foucauldian category of “infamy,” which I would like to consider both as a political category and as a literary category. “La vie des hommes infâmes” (1977) is a particularly noteworthy text in that there is both a clear distinction between archive and literature and an analysis of a recomposition of the relationship between discourse, truth, and power that draws what Foucault calls “the line of literature’s tendency since the seventeenth century, since it (...) commenced to be literature in the modern sense of the word.” On the one hand, Foucault defends the idea that, to allow the archive to deliver its strictly political dimension, it is necessary to clean it up, to build it out of literature and in a strict relation to reality. On the other hand, he claims that literature has become capable at some point of having the ambition to tell the real, to “tell of the ultimate, and the most minute, degrees of the real”: of being, perhaps more than any other form of language, the “discourse of infamy.” This paper aims to explore this tension, from the (methodological/archaeological) exclusion of literature to the genealogy of a literature of reality and infamy. (shrink)

La bonne nouvelle (l'évangile), c'est que tous les hommes, sans distinction de culture ou de religion, sont en tant qu'êtres de la Nature dotés de raison et d'intuition et sont, de ce fait, capables d'acquérir une connaissance vraie de cette Nature dont ils font partie et donc de leur propre nature. Ils sont déterminés par cette Nature à être heureux. Cet ouvrage démontre comment Spinoza a conçu et la métaphysique de la Substance et l'éthique, en vue de nous introduire à (...) cette connaissance du bonheur qui en découle. (shrink)

What Frege’s paradox on concept and object (FP) consists in and the manner in which Frege coped with it (the ladder strategy) are briefly reviewed (§ 1). An idea for solving FP inspired by Husserl’s semantics is presented; it results in failure, for it leads to a version of Russell’s paradox, the usual solution of which implies something like a resurgence of FP (§ 2). A generalized version of Frege’s paradox (GFP) and an idea for solving it inspired by Davidson’s (...) semantics are presented; three theorems about recursive definability of truth are put forward and used to determine whether this idea can be successfully applied to certain putative forms of the Language of Science (§ 3). Proofs of these three theorems, in particular of the third, which answers a question that does not seem to have drawn logicians’ attention, are then given (§ 4). Finally, it turns out that there is a tension between the proposed solution of GFP and the idea of Language of Science assumed so far in this paper, and a way of solving it is proposed (§ 5). (shrink)

En 1940, Sartre publie L’Imaginaire qui devait former, avec l’ouvrage consacré quatre ans plus tôt à L’Imagination, une étude d’ensemble sur la Psyché humaine. Il s’agit pour le philosophe de mettre en lumière et d’interroger le rôle et la nature de l’image dans la vie psychique (pour reprendre le titre du mémoire de Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieures que Sartre avait réalisé sous la direction d’Henri Delacroix en 1927). Cette préoccupation pour l’image conduit rapidement le jeune Sartre à s’empare..

Recognition is used here in its military sense of “reconnaissance”: reconnaissance is about territory and how, survey done and maps out on the table, one will proceed methodically, strategically to seize and control. Counterterrorism and surveillance protocols have been feeding on this basic idea without giving it any more thought than the addition of technologies.1 A couple of provisos: I do not use the word “recognition” in its Aristotelian sense of “anagnôrisis”, a dramatic catastrophe, a turning on its head of (...) a plot, when a.. (shrink)

This article examines what might constitute the first manifestation of consciousness in the life of an individual, focusing on the subjective starting state of newborns. It presents evidence showing that we are born with some minimal self-awareness, a kind of awareness that might even be present in foetuses depending on the criteria used. It investigates the mechanisms that might account for how self-awareness quickly evolves from being minimal and phenomenal in the context of sensation, perception, and action and discusses the (...) innate propensity of newborns to detect sameness in the experience of things that surround them. It identifies two putative mechanisms that would support an innate propensity to detect sameness: synesthesia and the vicariousness of experience. (shrink)

This article critically discusses the concept of economic rationality, arguing that it is too narrow and specific to encompass the full concept of practical rationality. Economic rationality is identified here with the use of the optimizing model of decision, as well as of expected utility apparatus to deal with uncertainty. To argue that practical rationality is broader than economic rationality, the article claims that practical rationality includes bounded rationality as a particular case, and that bounded rationality cannot be reduced to (...) economic rationality as defined here. (shrink)

The objective of this article is to propose a precise characterization of the collective practice behind at least an important part of the phenomena named “decision by consensus”. First, I provide descriptions of the use of this rule, and give a definition of the non-opposition rule, both as a specific sequence of acts and as a stopping rule. Second, I challenge the usual way of understanding the non-opposition rule by contrast with voting, stating that the contrast between logic of approval (...) and logic of consent also has to be taken into account. Third, I examine the conditions of its use. The non-opposition rule satisfies groups whose concern is to decide without dividing. Finally, from the analytic benefit of opening up decision by consensus as the use of the non-opposition rule, I will examine, in a fourth part, whether consensus in decision-making is as democratic a procedure as is sometimes thought. (shrink)

The paper revisits the rationality principle from the particular perspective of the unity of social sciences. It has been argued that the principle was the unique law of the social sciences and that accordingly there are no deep differences between them (Popper). It has also been argued that the rationality principle was specific to economics as opposed to the other social sciences, especially sociology (Pareto). The paper rejects these opposite views on the grounds that the rationality principle is strictly metaphysical (...) and does not have the logical force required to deliver interesting deductions. Explanation in the social sciences takes place at a level of specialization that is always higher than that of the principle itself. However, what is peculiar about economics is that it specializes the explanatory rational schemes to a degree unparalleled in history and sociology. As a consequence, there is a backward-and-forward move between specific and general formulations of rationality that takes place in economics and has no analogue in the other social sciences. (shrink)

Indexicals are context-dependent expressions such as I, you, here and now, whose semantic value depends on the context in which they are uttered. They raise two kinds of questions. First, they are often thought to be scopeless – e.g. with I rigidly referring to the speaker – and to give rise to non-trivial patterns of inference – e.g. I exist seems to be a priori true despite the fact that I necessarily exist isn’t. Second, indexicals may play a crucial role (...) in the expression of irreducibly De Se thoughts, and both the existence of such thoughts and the ways in which they can be reported in indirect discourse must be elucidated. The Kaplanian picture posits that indexicals take their value from a distinguished context parameter, whose very nature is responsible for some entailments, and which remains fixed – hence the apparent scopelessness of indexicals. It further posits that while indexicals may serve to express irreducibly De Se thoughts, these may not be reported as such in indirect discourse. Both tenets have been criticized in recent research: there are a variety of constructions across languages in which the context parameter appears to be shifted; and several types of indirect discourse do give rise to De Se readings. (shrink)

Le libertinage n'est pas circonscrit à un groupe social uniforme, classe d'âge, catégorie socioprofessionnelle, famille philosophique. Il ne forme pas davantage un isolat culturel. Dans la diversité même de ses manifestations, il illustre la variété des situations et des rôles que l'individu peut souhaiter expérimenter dans une vision dynamique, vitaliste, de sa sexualité. Les présents fragments visent moins à établir un catalogue exhaustif des possibles de la performance libertine qu'à apporter quelques éléments de réflexion sur ce qui s'y joue sur (...) les plans relationnel et émotionnel. Ils interrogent une réalité formalisable en de nombreux de ses aspects et tentent d'approcher ce qui se dit à travers elle de l'humaine capacité à acter le désir sexuel comme forme créative."--From publisher's website. (shrink)

Cet essai est une tentative pour penser autrement I liberté en ses actes. Une de ses originalités est de procéder par changements d'échelle, c'est un microscope philosophique. Sous la grande idée de liberté, il cerne d'imperceptibles appuis qui la font tenir debout. L'enjeu est donc de taille. Son développement prend la forme d'un parcours progressif par étapes, traversant des conceptions très différentes de la liberté et des domaines d'application divers. Il épouse ainsi les contours d'une mise en variation du concept (...) d'appui, au point que celui-ci pourra être identifié chez certains philosophes alors qu'il y passait auparavant inaperçu. Il s'agit aussi de montrer de quels problèmes ce concept tire sa nécessité. Ces problèmes sont tout autant théoriques que pratiques, spirituels que corporels, tout autant moraux que politiques. Bien plus, en justifiant pourquoi un appui, n'est pas un soutien, cet essai donne une certaine allure à la liberté : celle de la spirale, de l'hélice. Il montre que, sous de nouvelles manières d'agir ou de penser, peuvent pousser des spirales de la liberté"--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

L'immeuble du mobile invite à faire l'expérience d'une manière de penser, par gestes et par diagrammes. Il est une poursuite du travail de Gilles Châtelet soutenue par un approfondissement de la conception du virtuel et de l'événement propre à Gilles Deleuze. Refusant le face-à-face de la nature et de la pensée, il déploie un projet de renouveau de la Naturphilosophie dans le cadre du physico-mathématique, de Galilée jusqu'à la physique quantique. Il expose une dialectique comprenant des centres d'indifférence au cœur (...) des gestes et de leurs dimensions (symétries). Ces dimensions spatiales-temporelles-intensives de l'effectuation du virtuel sont des paliers de la nature et de la pensée, avec des modes différents de mobilité. Des expériences de gestes en pensée sont proposées au lecteur-acteur pour accéder à chacun des paliers, suivant une narration induisant les passages par les subjectivités propres à chacune de ces mises en scène. Ces subjectivités gestuelles sont les fantômes de l'immeuble, ses Horla, le virtuel... (shrink)

A partir d’une présentation de Sois mon corps, cet article se propose de mettre en lumière quelques prolongements contemporains de la dialectique hégélienne du maître et de l’esclave. Avec l’interprétation qu’en propose J. Butler notamment, c’est le statut du corps qui devient problématique dès lors que le désir de s’en détacher entre en tension avec une ontologie relationnelle et sociale de la vie corporelle qui signe la vulnérabilité de l’être vivant.