Results for 'Markus Schuppler'

966 found
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  1.  37
    How did bacterial ancestors reproduce? Lessons from L‐form cells and giant lipid vesicles.Yves Briers, Peter Walde, Markus Schuppler & Martin J. Loessner - 2012 - Bioessays 34 (12):1078-1084.
    In possible scenarios on the origin of life, protocells represent the precursors of the first living cells. To study such hypothetical protocells, giant vesicles are being widely used as a simple model. Lipid vesicles can undergo complex morphological changes enabling self‐reproduction such as growth, fission, and extra‐ and intravesicular budding. These properties of vesicular systems may in some way reflect the mechanism of reproduction used by protocells. Moreover, remarkable similarities exist between the morphological changes observed in giant vesicles and bacterial (...)
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  2. What do we want from Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)? – A stakeholder perspective on XAI and a conceptual model guiding interdisciplinary XAI research.Markus Langer, Daniel Oster, Timo Speith, Lena Kästner, Kevin Baum, Holger Hermanns, Eva Schmidt & Andreas Sesing - 2021 - Artificial Intelligence 296 (C):103473.
    Previous research in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) suggests that a main aim of explainability approaches is to satisfy specific interests, goals, expectations, needs, and demands regarding artificial systems (we call these “stakeholders' desiderata”) in a variety of contexts. However, the literature on XAI is vast, spreads out across multiple largely disconnected disciplines, and it often remains unclear how explainability approaches are supposed to achieve the goal of satisfying stakeholders' desiderata. This paper discusses the main classes of stakeholders calling for explainability (...)
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  3. The norm of assertion: Empirical data.Markus Kneer - 2018 - Cognition 177 (C):165-171.
    Assertions are speech acts by means of which we express beliefs. As such they are at the heart of our linguistic and social practices. Recent research has focused extensively on the question whether the speech act of assertion is governed by norms, and if so, under what conditions it is acceptable to make an assertion. Standard theories propose, for instance, that one should only assert that p if one knows that p (the knowledge account), or that one should only assert (...)
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  4. the pyrrhonian problematic.Markus Lammenranta - 2008 - In John Greco, The Oxford handbook of skepticism. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 9--33.
     
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  5.  31
    Bolzanos Propositionalismus.Markus Textor - 1996 - New York: Walter de Gruyter.
    In der 1970 gegr ndeten Reihe erscheinen Arbeiten, die philosophiehistorische Studien mit einem systematischen Ansatz oder systematische Studien mit philosophiehistorischen Rekonstruktionen verbinden. Neben deutschsprachigen werden auch englischsprachige Monographien ver ffentlicht. Gr ndungsherausgeber sind: Erhard Scheibe (Herausgeber bis 1991), G nther Patzig (bis 1999) und Wolfgang Wieland (bis 2003). Von 1990 bis 2007 wurde die Reihe von J rgen Mittelstra mitherausgegeben.
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  6. Skepticism and Disagreement.Markus Lammenranta - 2011 - In Diego E. Machuca, Pyrrhonism in Ancient, Modern, and Contemporary Philosophy. Springer. pp. 203-216.
    Though ancient Pyrrhonian skepticism is apparently based on disagreement, this aspect of skepticism has been widely neglected in contemporary discussion on skepticism. The paper provides a rational reconstruction of the skeptical argument from disagreement that can be found in the books of Sextus Empiricus. It is argued that this argument forms a genuine skeptical paradox that has no fully satisfactory resolution. All attempts to resolve it make knowledge or justified belief either intuitively too easy or impossible.
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  7. Mind as hardware and matter as software.Jan-Markus Schwindt - 2008 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 15 (4):5-27.
    We present an argument against physicalism in two steps: 1) Physics reduces the world to a mathematical structure; 2) The notion of 'structure' only makes sense when carried by something and interpreted by something else. Physicalism does not allow such a carrier and interpreter at a fundamental level, hence it must be wrong. An extended notion of Mind is presented as the fundamental 'hardware' which is necessary by the argument. In particular, qualia correspond to the 'monitor component' of mind. Some (...)
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  8.  57
    Heinrich ganthaler/otto Neumaier, anfang und ende Des lebels. Beiträge zur medizinischen ethik.Markus Zimmermann-Acklin - 2001 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 4 (3):311-313.
  9. (1 other version)Reasonableness on the Clapham Omnibus: Exploring the outcome-sensitive folk concept of reasonable.Markus Kneer - 2022 - In P. Bystranowski, Bartosz Janik & M. Prochnicki, Judicial Decision-Making: Integrating Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives. Springer Nature. pp. 25-48.
    This paper presents a series of studies (total N=579) which demonstrate that folk judgments concerning the reasonableness of decisions and actions depend strongly on whether they engender positive or negative consequences. A particular decision is deemed more reasonable in retrospect when it produces beneficial consequences than when it produces harmful consequences, even if the situation in which the decision was taken and the epistemic circumstances of the agent are held fixed across conditions. This finding is worrisome for the law, where (...)
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  10. (1 other version)Success and Knowledge in Action: Saving Anscombe’s Account of Intentionality.Markus Kneer - 2021 - In Tadeusz Ciecierski & Paweł Grabarczyk, Context Dependence in Language, Action, and Cognition. De Gruyter. pp. 131-154.
    According to Anscombe, acting intentionally entails knowledge in ac- tion. This thesis has been near-universally rejected due to a well-known counter- example by Davidson: a man intending to make ten legible carbon copies might not believe with confidence, and hence not know, that he will succeed. If he does, however, his action surely counts as intentional. Damaging as it seems, an even more powerful objection can be levelled against Anscombe: while act- ing, there is as yet no fact of the (...)
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  11.  43
    (1 other version)The folk concept of the good life: neither happiness nor well-being.Markus Kneer & Dan Haybron - 2024 - Philosophical Studies 181 (10):2525-2538.
    The concept of a good life is usually assumed by philosophers to be equivalent to that of well-being, or perhaps of a morally good life, and hence has received little attention as a potentially distinct subject matter. In a series of experiments participants were presented with vignettes involving socially sanctioned wrongdoing toward outgroup members. Findings indicated that, for a large majority, judgments of bad character strongly reduce ascriptions of the good life, while having no impact at all on ascriptions of (...)
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  12.  11
    Das Ethische in der Rhetorik des Aristoteles.Markus H. Wörner - 1990
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  13. Attentional modulation of unconscious "automatic" processes: Evidence from event-related potentials in a masked priming paradigm.Markus Kiefer & Doreen Brendel - 2006 - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18 (2):184-198.
  14. Disagreement, Skepticism, and the Dialectical Conception of Justification.Markus Lammenranta - 2011 - International Journal for the Study of Skepticism 1 (1):3-17.
    It is a common intuition that at least in some cases disagreement has skeptical consequences: the participants are not justified in persisting in their beliefs. I will argue that the currently popular non-dialectical and individualistic accounts of justification, such as evidentialism and reliabilism, cannot explain this intuition and defend the dialectical conception of justification that can explain it. I will also argue that this sort of justification is a necessary condition of knowledge by relying on Craig's genealogy of the concept (...)
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  15. (1 other version)Taking the Morality Out of Happiness.Markus Kneer & Dan Haybron - manuscript
    In an important and widely discussed series of studies, Jonathan Phillips and colleagues have suggested that the ordinary concept of happiness has a substantial moral component. For in- stance, two persons who enjoy the same extent of positive emotions and are equally satisfied with their lives are judged as happy to different degrees if one is less moral than the other. Considering that the relation between morality and happiness or self-interest has been one of the central questions of moral philosophy (...)
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  16.  70
    Time course of conscious and unconscious semantic brain activation.Markus Kiefer & Manfred Spitzer - 2000 - Neuroreport 11 (11):2401-2407.
  17.  12
    Bilder und Gemeinschaften: Studien zur Konvergenz von Politik und Ästhetik in Kunst, Literatur und Theorie.Beate Fricke, Markus Klammer & Stefan Neuner (eds.) - 2011 - München: Fink.
    Das Buch weist in exemplarischen Fallstudien von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart die zentrale Rolle von Bildern für Prozesse der Vergemeinschaftung auf. Gegen Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts setzt in der akademischen Diskussion eine verstärkte Rückwendung zum Konzept der Gemeinschaft ein.
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  18.  82
    INTERVIEW: Gedacht wird in der Welt, nicht im Kopf.Ruth G. Millikan, Markus Wild & Martin Lenz - 2010 - Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 58 (6):981-1000.
    This interview deals with the major themes in the work of Ruth Millikan. Her most fundamental idea is that the intentionality of inner and outer representations can be understood in analogy to biological functions. Another innovative feature is the view that thought and language stand parallel to each other. Thirdly, the basic ideas concerning the ontology and the epistemology of concepts are explained. Millikan aims at clarifying her position by contrasting it with Dretske, Fodor, Sellars, and Brandom. Finally, the interview (...)
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  19. Tod der Kunst und Zertrümmerung der Aura : Ambivalenzen des Endens.Markus Ophälders - 2015 - In Klaus Vieweg, Francesca Iannelli & Federico Vercellone, Das Ende der Kunst als Anfang freier Kunst. Paderborn: Wilhelm Fink.
     
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  20. Philosophical Perspectives on Animals: Mind, Ethics, Morals.Petrus Klaus & Wild Markus (eds.) - 2013 - Transcript.
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  21.  9
    Platon als Mythologe: Interpretationen zu den Mythen in Platons Dialogen.Christian Schäfer & Markus Janka (eds.) - 2014 - Darmstadt: WBG.
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  22. Reliabilism and circularity.Markus Lammenranta - 1996 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 56 (1):111-124.
    How can we ever find out whether our psychological processes are reliable? According to many reliabilists—e.g. Alston, Goldman, Papineau, and Van Cleve —there is no problem: We just use our psychological processes and then arrive at the belief that these very same processes are reliable. If our psychological processes are actually reliable, we can arrive in this way at a justified belief. And, indeed, we can even come to know that they are reliable.
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  23. Reliabilism, Circularity, and the Pyrrhonian Problematic.Markus Lammenranta - 2003 - Journal of Philosophical Research 28:311-328.
    To solve the ancient Pyrrhonian problematic, it is not enough to show that knowledge and justified belief are possible. They must be shown to be actual. It is argued that the attempts by the main advocates of reliabilism, William Alston, Alvin Goldman, and Ernest Sosa, fail to solve the problematic because they fall under the Agrippan modes of circularity and hypothesis. There is also another sort of response implicit in their discussion. It is not to try to solve the problematic, (...)
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  24.  68
    Replacing Functional Reduction with Mechanistic Explanation.Markus I. Eronen - 2011 - Philosophia Naturalis 48 (1):125-153.
    Recently the functional model of reduction has become something like the standard model of reduction in philosophy of mind. In this paper, I argue that the functional model fails as an account of reduction due to problems related to three key concepts: functionalization, realization and causation. I further argue that if we try to revise the model in order to make it more coherent and scientifically plausible, the result is merely a simplified version of what in philosophy of science is (...)
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  25.  10
    Will This Help Be Helpful? Giving Aid to Strangers in the United States and Japan.Yu Niiya, Caitlin Handron & Hazel Rose Markus - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 12:784858.
    Japanese rank among the least likely to intervene to help a stranger in a non-emergency situation while Americans rank among the most likely. Across four studies, we demonstrate that Japanese are less likely to offer help to strangers because their decisions rely more heavily on the assessment of the needs of others. Accordingly, when there is uncertainty about the need for help, Japanese are less likely to intervene than Americans because without an understanding of the needs of recipient, the impact (...)
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  26.  9
    Musikalische Analyse Und Kritische Theorie: Zu Adornos Philosophie der Musik.Adolf Nowak & Markus Fahlbusch (eds.) - 2007 - Hans Schneider.
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  27.  17
    Effective Human Oversight of AI-Based Systems: A Signal Detection Perspective on the Detection of Inaccurate and Unfair Outputs.Markus Langer, Kevin Baum & Nadine Schlicker - 2024 - Minds and Machines 35 (1):1-30.
    Legislation and ethical guidelines around the globe call for effective human oversight of AI-based systems in high-risk contexts – that is oversight that reliably reduces the risks otherwise associated with the use of AI-based systems. Such risks may relate to the imperfect accuracy of systems (e.g., inaccurate classifications) or to ethical concerns (e.g., unfairness of outputs). Given the significant role that human oversight is expected to play in the operation of AI-based systems, it is crucial to better understand the conditions (...)
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  28. Neo-Pyrrhonism.Markus Lammenranta - 2018 - In Diego E. Machuca & Baron Reed, Skepticism: From Antiquity to the Present. New York: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 565-580.
    Fogelin’s neo-Pyrrhonism is skepticism about epistemology and philosophy more generally. Philosophical reflection on ordinary epistemic practices leads us to deny the possibility of knowledge and justified belief. However, instead of accepting the dogma that knowledge and justified beliefs are impossible, a neo-Pyrrhonist rejects the philosophical premises that lead to this conclusion. Fogelin argues in particular that contemporary theories of justification cannot avoid dogmatic skepticism, because they are committed to the premises of the skeptical argument deriving from the modes of Agrippa. (...)
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  29.  19
    Europas Auslegungsgrenzen: Das Zusammenspiel von Europarecht ut nationalem Recht.Ralph Christensen & Markus Böhme - 2009 - Rechtstheorie 40 (3):285-312.
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  30. Esoterik trifft Aufklärung. Zur "esoterischen Topografie" Halles im 18. Jahrhundert.Benko Geffarth & Markus Meumann - 2018 - In Renko Geffarth, Markus Meumann, Holger Zaunstöck & Monika Neugebauer-Wölk, Kampf um die Aufklärung?: institutionelle Konkurrenzen und intellektuelle Vielfalt im Halle des 18. Jahrhunderts. Halle (Saale): Mitteldeutscher Verlag.
     
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  31. Wisdom after metaphysics?Markus H. Wörner - 2019 - In Fran O'Rourke & Patrick Masterson, Ciphers of transcendence: essays in philosophy of religion in honour of Patrick Masterson. Newbridge, Co. Kildare: Irish Academic Press.
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  32. We Can't Know.Markus Lammenranta - 2020 - In Steven B. Cowan, Problems in Epistemology and Metaphysics: An Introduction to Contemporary Debates. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 38-51.
    The paper defends Cartesian skepticism by an argument relying on internalism and infallibilism. It argues that this sort of skepticism gives the best explanation of our intuitions and ordinary epistemic practices.
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  33.  9
    Formare per trasformare: per una pedagogia dell'immaginazione.Caterina Diotto & Markus Ophälders (eds.) - 2022 - Milano: Mimesis.
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  34.  25
    The effect of body posture on cognitive performance: a question of sleep quality.Markus Muehlhan, Michael Marxen, Julia Landsiedel, Hagen Malberg & Sebastian Zaunseder - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  35.  30
    Niels Bohr in the darkness and light of soviet philosophy∗.S. Müller‐Markus - 1966 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 9 (1-4):73-93.
    Soviet attitude towards Bohr reflects changes in the ideological approach to science. During the last period before Stalin's death ?danov proclaimed the campaign against Western influence in Soviet philosophy and science. Nevertheless the physicist M. A. Markov tried to introduce complementarity as a materialistic interpretation of quantum?mechanics in 1948. He was officially condemned. This was followed by a period (1948?54) during which heavy attacks were made against the Copenhagen school. In 1958, after a personal exchange of thoughts with Bohr, academician (...)
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  36.  38
    Structural descriptions in HIT – a problematic commitment.Markus Graf & Werner X. Schneider - 2001 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (3):483-484.
    Humphreys and Forde conceptualize object representations as structural descriptions, without discussing the implications of structural description models. We argue that structural description models entail two major assumptions – a part-structure assumption and an invariance assumption. The invariance assumption is highly problematic because it contradicts a large body of findings which indicate that recognition performance depends on orientation and size. We will delineate relevant findings and outline an alternative conception.
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  37.  29
    Ups and downs of tissue and planar polarity in plants.Markus Grebe - 2004 - Bioessays 26 (7):719-729.
    The polar orientation of cells within a tissue is an intensively studied research area in animal cells. The term planar polarity refers to the common polar arrangement of cells within the plane of an epithelium. In plants, the subcellular analysis of tissue polarity has been limited by the lack of appropriate markers. Recently, research on plant tissue polarity has come of age. Advances are based on studies of Arabidopsis patterning, cell polarity and auxin transport mutants employing the coordinated, polar localization (...)
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  38. Epicuro e a Morte como a Perda da Subjetividade.Markus Figueira da Silva - 1995 - Princípios 2 (3):140-146.
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  39.  39
    Does self-consciousness mediate the relation between self-talk and self-knowledge?Johann F. Schneider, Markus Pospeschill & Jochen Ranger - 2005 - Psychological Reports 96 (2):387-396.
  40.  20
    Vorwort.Gerhard Schreiber & Markus Kleinert - 2005 - In Gerhard Schreiber & Markus Kleinert, Journale Nb6-Nb10. De Gruyter.
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  41. Proceedings of AISB 2010 Symposium on Mathematical Practice and Cognition.Alison Pease, Markus Guhe & Alan Smaill (eds.) - 2010 - AISB.
  42.  24
    How task-set-size influences cognitive control: alpha power and medial-frontal negativities reflect cognitive effort.Nigbur Roland & Ullsperger Markus - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
  43.  12
    Humanismo e direitos humanos nos estados totalitários.Marcelo Markus Tetxeira - 2004 - In Luiz Carlos Bombassaro, Arno Dal Ri Júnior & Jayme Paviani, As interfaces do humanismo latino. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS.
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  44.  26
    L'idea di società civile nel pensiero politico italiano. Gramsci e Rosmini a confronto.Markus Krienke - 2018 - Società Degli Individui 61:119-137.
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  45.  4
    Oltre il corpo: metafisica e biopolitica.Markus Krienke (ed.) - 2016 - Milano: Mimesis.
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  46. Ontologia trinitaria come altra metafisica Nel pensiero di Michele F. Sciacca.Markus Krienke - 2008 - Giornale di Metafisica 30 (3):463-484.
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  47. Rosmini E il tomismo trascendentale.Markus Krienke - 2011 - Divus Thomas 114 (1):341-388.
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  48. Rosmini in der Letztbegrundungsdebatte? Eine Replik.Markus Krienke - 2006 - Theologie Und Philosophie 81 (4).
     
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  49.  20
    Do we make worlds with symbols?Markus Lammenranta - 1991 - Semiotica 86 (3-4):277-288.
  50.  82
    Goodman’s Semiotic Theory of Art.Markus Lammenranta - 1992 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 22 (3):339-351.
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