What, if anything, do the ‘square’ protests and ‘occupy’ movements of 2011 bring to contemporary democratic theory? And how can we, as political theorists, analyse their discourse and do justice to it? We address these questions through an analysis of the Greek and Spanish protest movements of the spring and summer of 2011, the so-called aganaktismenoi and indignados. We trace the centrality of the critique of representation and politics as usual as well as the ideas about horizontality and autonomy in (...) the protesters’ discourse. These ideas are not only important to their critique of the contemporary liberal democratic regimes in the two countries, but also important to the way in which the protesters organise themselves. Nonetheless, as we shall argue, the protesters are caught within a tension between horizontality and verticality, between autonomy and hegemony, or between moving beyond representation and accepting representational structures. Given this tension, we examine how the protesters negotiate it in three key areas: politics, representation and organisation. Drawing on Jacques Rancière, we further argue that the protesters can be seen as making a claim to equal voice. This is what Rancière refers to as politics proper, and the question is then whether such a politics is possible without falling back into traditional forms of politics. (shrink)

Realism is multiply ambiguous. The central concern of Part 1 of this paper is to distinguish several of its many senses — four (Theoretical Realism, Cumulative Realism, Progressive Realism and Optimistic Realism) in which it refers to theses about the status of scientific theories, and five (Minimal Realism, Ambitious Absolutism, Transcendentalism, Nidealism, Scholastic Realism) in which it refers to theses about the nature of truth or truth-bearers. Because Realism has these several, largely independent, senses, the conventional wisdom that Tarski's theory (...) of truth supports realism, and that the Meaning-Variance thesis undermines it, needs re-evaluation. The concern of the rest of the paper is to sort out in which senses the conventional wisdom, with respect to Tarski's theory (Part 2) and the Meaning-Variance thesis (Part 3), is correct. (shrink)

This thesis is intended to analyze a mental phenomenon widely neglected in current philosophical discussions: personal memories. The first part presents a general framework to better understand what personal memories are, how we access our personal past and what we access about our personal past. Chapter 1 introduces traditional theories of memory: direct realism and representationalism in their different versions, as well as some objections. I defend here a particular form of representationalism that is based on the distinction between content, (...) intentional object and ontological object. Chapter 2 explores the possible contents of our personal memories, which prove to be heterogeneous, whereas chapter 3 analyses their possible intentional objects, with a special focus on past events. The second part of the thesis explores an aspect of our personal memories that was omitted in the first part: the senses in which our personal past is apprehended as personal. Chapter 4 examines the way in which the “self” intervenes in the construction of our personal memories. Chapters 5 and 6 focus on the analysis of what seems to be the most subjective aspect of our memories, that is, the emotions and feelings of our past experiences. In these last two chapters, I analyze the different interactions that can take place between memories and emotions and defend the idea that there can be emotional memories that are reducible neither to a propositional memory nor an occurrent and present emotion. The overall intention of this thesis is twofold. First, I aim to show to the philosophical community that there is still a lot to be said and discussed about memory as a mental phenomenon. And second, I intend to emphasize the importance of bringing into the philosophical discussions about the mind ideas coming from different philosophical traditions as well as ideas and empirical data coming from scientific research. (shrink)

What is called legal pragmatism today is very different from the older style of legal pragmatism traditionally associated with Oliver Wendell Holmes; and there is much that is worthwhile on the conception of the law revealed by reading Holmes's The Path of the Law in the light of the classical pragmatist tradition of Peirce, James, and Dewey. Here, reflections on the varieties of pragmatism - philosophical and legal, old and new - will be wrapped around an exploration of Holmes's legal (...) philosophy and the strengths and weaknesses of his arguments. (shrink)

After a brief sketch of the history of philosophical pragmatism generally, and of legal pragmatism specifically (section 1), this paper develops a new, neo-classical legal pragmatism: a theory of law drawing in part on Holmes, but also on ideas from the classical pragmatist tradition in philosophy. Main themes are the "pluralistic universe" of law (section 2); the evolution of legal systems (section 3); the place of logic in the law (section 4); and the relation of law and morality (section 5).

Partendo da un corso sul cambiamento politico tenuto da Norberto Bobbio nel 1979 e ora trasformato in un libro postumo grazie ad alcuni studenti di allora, Vitale mette in luce quattro questioni su rivoluzione, riforma e altre forme di cambiamento nell’età moderna e contemporanea. In primo luogo, qual è oggi, nelle nostre società capitalistiche alle prese con i cambiamenti climatici e altri disastri ecologici, il rapporto tra rivoluzioni scientifiche e politiche? In secondo luogo, alla fine del secolo scorso la prospettiva (...) rivoluzionaria è stata abbandonata a favore di un più realistico riformismo, ma possiamo chiederci se questa scelta non abbia portato a un grande inganno, perché il riformismo era in effetti una forma di “dolce” resa alla società di mercato e ai suoi valori. In terzo luogo, ci sono nel nostro tempo gli ingredienti (principalmente, soggetto politico, leadership e un’ideologia ben strutturata) per trasformare la rabbia per l’ingiustizia e la disuguaglianza in un progetto rivoluzionario e non solo in sporadiche rivolte? In quarto luogo, quale ruolo gioca la guerra a livello del cambiamento geopolitico, con particolare riferimento all’attuale guerra in Ucraina che sembra prospettare una nuova situazione di “scontro di civiltà” tra Weltanschauung occidentale e orientale? (shrink)

Appraising the worth of others’ testimony is always complex; appraising the worth of expert testimony is even harder; appraising the worth of expert testimony in a legal context is harder yet. Legal efforts to assess the reliability of expert testimony—I’ll focus on evolving U.S. law governing the admissibility of such testimony—seem far from adequate, offering little effective practical guidance. My purpose in this paper is to think through what might be done to offer courts more real, operational help. The first (...) step is to explain why the legal formulae that have evolved over the years may seem reassuring, but aren’t really of much practical use. The next is to suggest that we might do better not by amending evidentiary rules but by helping judges and attorneys understand what questions they should ask about expert evidence. I focus here on (i) epidemiological testimony, and (ii) the process of peer review. (shrink)

Resumo: O estudo objetivou analisar os efeitos de uma proposta de intervenção da área da Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, voltada para a inclusão social e educacional de estudantes com deficiência no contexto universitário. Participaram quatro estudantes (três com deficiência física e um com transtorno do espectro autista), matriculados numa universidade pública brasileira. A coleta de dados ocorreu em três etapas: 1) entrevistas abertas individuais e aplicação de instrumentos; 2) intervenção grupal; 3) entrevistas individuais e reaplicação dos instrumentos. Neste texto, serão (...) destacados os procedimentos qualitativos e suas respectivas análises, iluminando as atuações do profissional da Psicologia como mediador e facilitador, por meio de uma análise crítica dos encontros e análise pelo núcleo de significação dos relatos obtidos nas entrevistas. Pode-se dizer que o programa de intervenção de apoio psicológico se configurou como um local de escuta, acolhimento e voz de estudantes com deficiência na instituição. Conclui-se que a Psicologia Escolar e Educacional pode contribuir para favorecer o empoderamento de estudantes com deficiência, seu desenvolvimento pessoal, social e acadêmico, possibilitando uma participação mais ativa desses sujeitos no Ensino Superior. Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior; Educação Inclusiva. Pessoas com deficiência; Inclusão Social; Psicologia. Psychology and Inclusion: Intervention proposition of students with disability in Higher Education Abstract: This study’s goal was to analyze the effects of an intervention proposition in the area of School and Educational Psychology, aimed at the social and educational inclusion of students with disability in the University context. Four students have participated (three of them with physical disabilities and one with Autistic Spectrum Disorders), enrolled in a Brazilian public university. Data collection occurred in three stages: 1) individual and open interviews and application of instruments; 2) group intervention; 3) individual interviews and reapplication of instruments. In this text, the qualitative procedures are highlighted along with their analysis, elucidating practices from Psychology professionals as mediators and facilitators, by means of critical analysis of the encounters and by the analysis of meaning cores of the accounts obtained during the interviews. It can be said that the intervention program for psychological support became a safe place for sharing, understanding, and as a platform for disabled students to make their voices heard throughout the institution. It was concluded that School and Educational Psychology can contribute to promote the empowerment of disabled students, as well as their personal, social, and academic development, enabling a more active participation of these students in Higher Education. Keywords: Higher Education; Inclusive Education; People with disabilities; Social Inclusion; Psychology. Psicología e Inclusión: Una propuesta de intervención a estudiantes con discapacidad en Educación Superior Resumen: El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos de una propuesta de intervención en el área de Psicología Escolar y Educativa, orientada a la inclusión social y educativa de estudiantes con discapacidad en el contexto universitario. Participaron cuatro estudiantes (tres con discapacidad física y uno con trastorno del espectro autista), matriculados en una universidad pública brasileña. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en tres etapas: 1) entrevistas abiertas individuales y aplicación de instrumentos; 2) intervención grupal; 3) entrevistas individuales y reaplicación de los instrumentos. En este texto se destacarán los procedimientos cualitativos y sus respectivos análisis, destacando el trabajo del profesional de la psicología como mediador y facilitador, a través de un análisis crítico de los encuentros y análisis por el núcleo de significado de los relatos obtenidos en las entrevistas. Se puede decir que el programa de intervención de apoyo psicológico se configuró como un lugar para escuchar, acoger y hablar a los estudiantes con discapacidad de la institución. Se concluye que la Psicología Escolar y Educativa puede contribuir a favorecer el empoderamiento de los estudiantes con discapacidad, su desarrollo personal, social y académico, posibilitando una participación más activa de estas materias en la Educación Superior. Palabras clave: Educación superior; Educación inclusive; Personas con deficiencia; Inclusión social; Psicología. Data de registro: 30/04/2021 Data de aceite: 16/02/2022. (shrink)

In this paper we set out the context in which experiences of mental distress occur with an emphasis on the contributions of social and structural factors and then make a case for the use of intersectionality as an analytic and methodological framework for understanding these factors. We then turn to the political urgency for taking up the concept of recovery and argue for the importance of research and practice that addresses professional domination of the field, and that promotes ongoing engagement (...) and dialogue about recovery as both a personal and social experience. To this end, we describe a unique project that sought to deepen our understanding of how recovery is being thought about and applied in the current context of mental health care in Vancouver, BC, with a specific focus on how, and whether, people are taking up and addressing dimensions of power that we see as critical to the operationalization of recovery within a social justice framework. Emerging from our research and discussion is a set of critical questions about whether or not the political moment in Canada with respect to re-invigorating recovery should be embraced, versus a rejection of the concept of recovery as too limiting in its scope and too vulnerable to professional co-optation. (shrink)

Of late, two contrasting departures from the analytic mainstream have become fashionable: the displacement of philosophy by the natural sciences, epitomized by the Churchlands' theme of "neurophilosophy," and the displacement of philosophy by the literary, epitomized by Rorty's theme of philosophy as "just a kind of writing," as "carrying on the conversation" of Western culture. Both are disastrous. My purpose here is to articulate a metaphilosophy which, avoiding both scientism and literary dilettantism, allows a more robustly plausible account of the (...) relation of philosophy to the sciences, and of its relation to literature, than either. In this enterprise, my starting point will be the work of C. S. Peirce. This may come as something as a surprise; for Peirce's avowed aspiration "to rescue the good ship Philosophy for the service of Science from the lawless rovers of the sea of literature" (5.449, 1902), not to mention his unkind remarks about "studying in a literary spirit" (1.33, 1869), might suggest that he is as scientistic, and as hostile to literature, as Rorty is dilettantish, and hostile to science. But, as I shall show, far from being a precursor of those "lawless rovers of the sea of science" among our contemporaries, Peirce points the way to just such a... (shrink)

¿Qué relación hay entre derecho y lenguaje? Y ¿entre lenguaje y ley? ¿Cómo se inicia la serie de la juridicidad? ¿Qué la posibilita? Una característica hace de lo humano algo aparte de lo vivo: la palabra. El presente trabajo pretende recorrer parte de esta huella, intentando repensar allí la centralidad del lenguaje en la estructuración misma de la juridicidad. Volverse al lenguaje es, en definitiva –como señala P. Sneh– un gesto político.

RESUMENSe analiza la integridad de la ciencia, entendida como la firme adhesión a valores epistemoló- gicos. Los valores fundamentales considerados son el respeto por las pruebas y el intercambio de pruebas. Paralelamente se examinan las amenazas actuales a estos valores, en particular en el campo de la investigación biomédica y farmacéutica.PALABRAS CLAVEINVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA, VALORES EPISTEMOLÓGICOS, INTERCAMBIO DE PRUEBAS, RESPETO POR LAS PRUEBASABSTRACTThe integrity of science understood as the firm adherence to epistemological values is analysed in this paper. Respect for evidence (...) and evidence-sharing are considered to be core values. At the same time, the author examines the current threats to these values, especially in the fields of biomedical and pharmaceutical research.KEYWORDSBIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, EPISTEMOLOGICAL VALUES, EVIDENCE-SHARING, RESPECT FOR EVIDENCE. (shrink)

The objective of this work is to present Michel Foucault's perspective on the formation of moral subjectivity according to his text entitled “The use of pleasures and the techniques of self”. In the referred text, Foucault emphasizes that moral action should not be constituted in acts according to a rule of conduct supported by moral concepts, but in acts according to a pure relation of the subject with his internal wisdom (subjectivity), a relationship that should not be understood as simply (...) a “self-awareness” as a moral subject, but as a “constitution of the self” as a moral subject In this article, Foucault's position on the formation of moral subjectivity is considered to analyze the place of desire in the autonomy of oneself and of practical attitudes, especially if they are considered: the subject's experience as a process in which both subjectivity and desires are modified or annulled by specific norms or laws, established in certain societies and culture, almost always linked to norms of sexuality; the power of the strongest, insofar as it influences institutions to spread interests in society, corrupting the particular desires of individuals; the “techniques of self”, as rational and voluntary practices that curb desires, by which human beings determine for themselves rules of conduct that correspond to aesthetic values. (shrink)

Los profundos niveles de asimetría, inequidad y exclusión que exhibe nuestra contemporaneidad, las deportaciones masivas de refugiados, la criminalización de la indocumentación demandan más que nunca la necesidad de impulsar nuevos modos de pensar el derecho; modos que permitan forjar un derecho inclusivo, dialógico, abierto y participativo. Llevar adelante esta tarea supone, ante todo, repensar los presupuestos filosóficos sobre los que el pensamiento jurídico se asienta. Resulta así imprescindible deconstruir ciertas categorías medulares en la conformación de la Teoría Jurídica. Esto (...) es, comprender cómo estas se constituyeron a fin de poder reconstruirlas de otro modo. El presente trabajo pretende esbozar diez contribuciones iusfilosóficas que posibiliten estos desarrollos. (shrink)

Emotional self-regulation in childhood and adolescence constitutes a growing interest in the scientific community, highlighting in recent years the need to observe its development in their daily life. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to characterize publications referring to the development of emotional self-regulation of people under 18 years-old, in natural contexts. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, searches are carried out in the Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO databases, and in Google Scholar until May 2020. After reviewing (...) the full text of 376 publications, 14 works are selected that are observed in their extrinsic, substantive and methodological characteristics based on the GREOM and MQCOM guidelines, by two independent evaluators. Most of the studies correspond to the last 20 years, increasing the interest in observing older children, in interaction with adults and/or in different cultures. They apply mixed methodologies, not always ascribing to a low intensity design. Strengths are observed regarding the collection and analysis of the quality of the data; and weaknesses related to the failure to record the duration and sequence of behaviors, highlighting the use of guidelines as guides for future research. (shrink)

Este artículo busca presentar el legado teórico-político de Rousseau a través de la interpretación de su _Discurso sobre los orígenes y fundamentos de la desigualdad entre los hombres y el Contrato social_, entendidos como una unidad argumentativa y metodológica en la obra del ginebrino. Para esto se expondrán en un primer momento las consideraciones normativas y antropológicas que marcan el problema político de Rousseau. A partir de allí se presentarán las ideas principales de su noción de democracia, para finalmente concluir (...) que el legado democrático de Rousseau resulta particularmente útil como elemento crítico en el contexto de la hegemonía de las democracias representativas liberales actuales. (shrink)

Lewis's account of the role of sensory experience in empirical knowledge rests on the theses: (1) that one's apprehension of what is given in sensory experience is certain; (2) that unless there were such certain apprehension of the given, No knowledge would be possible; (3) that justification of one's other justified empirical beliefs always derives from one's apprehension of the given. I show that all three theses are false. That they are false provides further motivation for the theory of justification (...) I call "foundherentist", Which is fallibilist and permits mutual support (see my "theories of knowledge; an analytic framework", "proceedings of the aristotelian society, Lxxxiii", 1982-3). (shrink)

The article compares the work of Peirce and Popper. It focuses on issues in epistemology and philosophy of science, especially Peirce's claims that abduction is a matter of logic, and that induction can be given a weak form of justification. Peirce's and Popper's accounts of the nature of truth and its role in scientific inquiry are compared, and difficulties are diagnosed in both their attempts to reconcile fallibilism with a definition of truth which.

[W]e remark three classes of men. The first consists of those for whom the chief thing is the qualities of feelings. These men create art. The second consists of the practical men, who carry on the business of the world. They respect nothing but power, and respect power only so far as it [is] exercized. The third class consists of men to whom nothing seems great but reason. … For men of the first class, nature is a picture; for men (...) of the second class, it is an opportunity; for men of the third class, it is a cosmos, so admirable, that to penetrate to its ways seems to them the only thing that makes life worth living.Peirce was one of those very few "to whom nothing seems great but reason," always striving to... (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction: From Reformist to Revolutionary Pragmatism C. S. Peirce (1839–1914) William James (1842–1910) John Dewey (1859–1952) F. C. S. Schiller (1864–1937) Recent and Contemporary Pragmatisms.

We shall be concerned to show that the argument is unsound; that is, even if the premises were true, and we shall argue that they are not, the conclusions of the various forms of the argument do not follow from them. In particular, we wish to deny that the activity of translation commits us to accepting abstract entities such as propositions. Hence we do not regard the argument as providing support for any of,, and. However, although we accept the contradictories (...) of and, and although we reject we do not wish to analyze belief in terms of sentence acceptance. For while the set of sentences to which a person is prepared to assent is evidence of what he believes, it follows from Quine’s indeterminacy thesis that a person’s pattern of belief is underdetermined by this evidence. In fact, the translation argument that we are about to discuss may itself be rejected on the basis of Quine’s indeterminacy thesis, but we are concerned here to challenge the argument by its own standards. (shrink)

An unlearned carpenter of my acquaintance once said in my hearing: “There is very little difference between one man and another; but what little there is, is very important.” – William James (1890) On the question of “the individual and the community in pragmatism,” most people would probably think first of Dewey’s influential ideas about the individual and society: his conception of education as preparation for responsible citizenship, perhaps, or his critique of the “ragged individualism” o...

This chapter contains sections titled: The Trouble with “Truth” and “Truths” Problems with Partial Truth (and Some Vagaries of Vagueness).

The essay discusses F. Schleiermacher and Rudolf Otto on the centrality of religious experience.

Immanuel Kant is, famously, not only the major philosopher of European enlightenment, but also one of the first philosophers to develop a philosophical theory of “human races”. How do these two sides of Kant relate to each other? What is the significance of race in Kant’s philosophy? In this article, we aim to discuss these questions by taking a close look into the conceptual and philosophical presuppositions underlying Kant’s understanding of race; relating them to the concept of teleology as developed (...) by Kant in the Critique of Judgement and to the idea of natural history that can be derived from there. In the last two chapters, we intertwine both perspectives in such a way that, on the one hand, we can determine the philosophical significance of race for Kant, and, on the other hand, show how a race-sensible perspective gives new and critical insight into Kant’s concept of reason. (shrink)

Negli ultimi anni le ricerche sulla civiltà rupestre del Mezzogiorno medioevale, in seguito agli studi innovativi di Cosimo Damiano Fonseca, hanno condotto alla rivisitazione, attraverso approcci nuovi e con l'ausilio di strumenti sofisticati, di questo fenomeno nelle sue varie sfaccettature. Se, a partire soprattutto dalla fine dell'800, gli studiosi avevano rivolto i loro interessi in specie alle cappelle rupestri e alla loro decorazione pittorica, ovvero all'aspetto, in apparenza il più eclatante, dell'abitato rupestre, di recente l'attenzione si è focalizzata intorno allo (...) studio del paesaggio rupestre stesso e ai suoi valori, inteso come modello insediativo non certamente alternativo, né inferiore, a quello urbano, bensì come elemento specifico all'interno della complessa realtà dell'insediamento umano delle regioni meridionali e della Sicilia tra Tarda Antichità e Medioevo. (shrink)