We present an axiomatic model of preferences over menus that is motivated by three assumptions. First, the decision maker is uncertain ex ante (i.e., at the time of choosing a menu) about her ex post (i.e., at the time of choosing an option within her chosen menu) preferences over options, and she anticipates that this subjective uncertainty will not resolve before the ex post stage. Second, she is averse to ex post indecisiveness (i.e., to having to choose between options that (...) she cannot rank with certainty). Third, when evaluating a menu she discards options that are dominated (i.e., inferior to another option whatever her ex post preferences may be) and restricts attention to the undominated ones. Under these assumptions, the decision maker has a preference for commitment in the sense of preferring menus with fewer undominated alternatives. We derive a representation in which the decision maker’s uncertainty about her ex post preferences is captured by means of a subjective state space, which in turn determines which options are undominated in a given menu, and in which the decision maker fears, whenever indecisive, to choose an option that will turn out to be the worst (undominated) one according to the realization of her ex post preferences. (shrink)

Even though music and visual art have often been performed or installed together in the same places, sound-as-art entered the gallery space only after composers explored the idea of visualizing music, encouraging artists to use scores, sounds, and noises as plastic material. While it’s true that sound poetry was practiced by Futurist and Dadaist artists in the late nineteenth century1 and that Marcel Duchamp was working with the musical score from as early as 1913,2 it took almost another forty years, (...) and the work of avant-garde composers such as John Cage, to open up the definition of music and push sound towards visual art.The story is familiar: In 1952, with the first... (shrink)

Attuned to sonic, aesthetic, and sensory modes of experience, and directed particularly to explore the implications of sound as it informs political thought and actions, in 2021, I began investigating Jerusalem’s soundscape. Following Jean-Luc Nancy’s argument that our perception is impacted by the subjectivity of listening, I invited a group of Palestinian and Israeli artists to work with me on this project, hoping to capture the multiple soundscapes this city offers to its residents, visitors, and passers-by. In this essay, I (...) examine two of the group's projects: “Listening Walks in Jerusalem,” an online sonic archive open for anyone to listen to and download; and “Scores for Social Acoustics in Jerusalem,” an anthology of suggested listening paths in the city. I suggest that these artistic acts succeeded in capturing a range of sonic experiences of Jerusalem and may even have gone beyond Nancy’s words to provide tangible methods for listening to a sound event and hearing it (almost) the same. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Nationalism developed in Iraq before the creation of the modern state. As elsewhere, the basic European idea of modern nationalism took root quickly and widely, but it took the form of Arab/iraqi nationalism and Kurdish proto‐nationalism in the first decade of state formation. Shi‘i, Sunni, and leftist/liberal variants of nationalism evolved in the decades that followed—but all were forms of Iraqi nationalism, in which the legitimacy of the Iraqi state was taken for granted. Those who assumed that religious differences (...) would be fatal to the viability of the Iraqi state have overlooked the evolution of Iraqis’ senses of identity, and the power of nationalist identification. (shrink)

Tribute to Jean-Yves Jaffray by the French Group of Decision Theory.

A study was conducted to investigate the perceptions of academic dishonesty in fifth-grade students. Two methods were used to gather data: a sorting task, which was used to indirectly assess the students' perceptions, and a rating scale task, which was used to externally validate the results of the sorting task. Results of the multidimensional scaling analysis yielded two dimensions, the first being tests/homework and papers, and the second, more ambiguous appearing to differentiate based on seriousness.

This paper suggests looking at cuisines of poverty as practical and political systems practiced by urban and rural Palestinian citizens of Israel. It is an important and interesting case study within which political and economical considerations govern and enhance the development, change, and acceptance of culinary knowledge. Cuisines of poverty operate in two simultaneous arenas. As systems of practical knowledge, they repeatedly center on the ability to maintain the traditional kitchen, turning it into a tool-kit out of which information is (...) recruited upon need. Simultaneously, cuisines of poverty reveal the inter-connection between the culinary discourse and the political one. It is where issues such as access to land, national and ethnic identity, and means to participation in the dominant culture are of major concern. The analysis of cuisines as operating on two complementary discourses contributes to the understanding of the relationship between food and the arena of power. (shrink)

The objective of the current study was to propose a sensitivity analysis of a 3D left ventricle model in order to assess the influence of parameters on myocardial mechanical dispersion. A finite element model of LV electro-mechanical activity was proposed and a screening method was used to evaluate the sensitivity of model parameters on the standard deviation of time to peak strain. Results highlight the importance of propagation parameters associated with septal and lateral segments activation. Simulated curves were compared to (...) myocardial strains, obtained from echocardiography of one healthy subject and one patient diagnosed with intraventricular dyssynchrony and coronary artery disease. Results show a close match between simulation and clinical strains and illustrate the model ability to reproduce myocardial strains in the context of intraventricular dyssynchrony. (shrink)

Looks at fifty of the twentieth century's most significant contributors to the debate on education. Each essay gives key biographical information, an outline of the individual's principal achievements and activities, an assessment of his or her impact and influence and a list of their major writings and suggested further reading.

En este artículo voy a profundizar en una interpretación aplicada de la obra del segundo Wittgenstein, propuesta por José Medina, Miranda Fricker y Peg O’Connor, entre otros. Estos autores equiparan juegos de lenguaje y formas de vida, entienden las reglas de los juegos como normas sociales y trasladan la argumentación del filósofo vienés a un ámbito sociopolítico. Concretamente, José Medina propone un argumento en oposición a los juegos de lenguaje sociales, que es la versión social al argumento de Wittgenstein en (...) oposición a los juegos de lenguaje privados. En segundo lugar, analizaré dos casos: las distintas denominaciones de los indios huicholes y el uso del plural inclusivo por parte de algunos feminismos. Lo más interesante de estos dos casos es que estos grupos proponen significados privados o usos del lenguaje que sólo parecen ser válidos para ellos. Preguntaré si estos usos se pueden entender como juegos de lenguaje sociales y ser criticados desde los argumentos de Medina. Este estudio de casos servirá para evaluar la adecuación, validez y límites de esta interpretación de la obra de Wittgenstein. (shrink)

La contaduría pública se ha vuelto una profesión importante en la actualidad, dado el cargo de confianza que asumen dentro de una institución al ser los emisores de información financiera relevante para la gerencia o la alta dirección. A su vez, es importante resaltar la gran cantidad de casos relacionados con la pérdida de valores y actos de corrupción que se presentan a diario en los medios de comunicación, la cual refleja la falta de ética de los profesionales a la (...) hora de ejercer sus funciones. En este contexto, se resalta el concepto de ética profesional, el cual garantiza el buen desempeño de un profesional bajo una serie de normas éticas que regulan su comportamiento. Por ello, el objetivo del presente artículo fue explorar el rol de la ética profesional en la formación y el ejercicio profesional del contador público. Los datos y consejos proporcionados por un contador definen en gran medida las decisiones tomadas respecto a la estructura financiera de una empresa u organización, razón por la cual un contador debe ser una persona íntegra e interesada en perseguir el interés general. Dadas las deficiencias existentes en la integridad ética y moral de los contadores, tanto universidades como empresas están implementando medidas para combatir este problema, buscando fortalecer la confianza de la población en la contaduría y prevenir que los futuros profesionales caigan en prácticas inmorales que dañan a la sociedad. (shrink)

Los diversos intentos por conceptualizar el principio de precaución de manera general se construyen a partir de las respuestas que han encontrado los ordenamientos jurídicos, tanto estatales como de carácter internacional, para hacer frente a la incertidumbre que provoca la generación de los riesgos provenientes del desarrollo, especialmente frente a las nuevas tecnologías. De esta forma, se pueden encontrar importantes lecciones en la historia respecto al cómo afrontar situaciones que dañan, principalmente, al medioambiente, la salud humana, animal o vegetal; por (...) lo cual es importante conocer como éstos se han ido enfrentando y fueron dando forma a este principio en la práctica, el cual tiene una importancia fundamental al convertirse en una garantía frente al progreso de las ciencias, para que no sea más caro el “prevenir que curar”. (shrink)

In this paper, I consider pedagogical moments when the project of pedagogy is to _not understand_, as understanding would entail complicity with dehumanization. I explore the slipperiness of understanding and parse when understanding is helpful and when it reinscribes structures of dehumanization. I examine when it might be important in music education pedagogy to foster a refusal to understand, specifically in cases of extreme suffering that might occur in projects of dehumanization, atrocity, and genocide. Then, I explore the ethics embedded (...) in different forms of understanding and consider why not understanding is sometimes the ethical path and tease out the complexities of such refusals to understand. Subsequently, I focus on what music might contribute to this pedagogical approach. I then explore and critique empathy and the project of empathy in education. Ultimately, I consider the role of discomfort in music education to facilitate these kinds of refusals. I center the work of several scholars in this discussion: Sherene Razack (Dark threats and White knights: The Somalia Affair, peacekeeping, and the new imperialism University of Toronto Press Toronto, ON, 2004, Rev Educ Pedag Cult Stud 29 (4): 375-394, 2007), Megan Boler (Feeling power: Emotions and education. Routledge, New York, NY, 1999), Jennifer Geddes (Hypatia 18 (1):104-115, 2003), Charlotte Delbo (_Auschwitz and after_. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1995/2014), Hannah Arendt (Eichmann in Jerusalem: A report on the banality of evil. Penguin Books, New York, NY, 1963/2006), Marie Hållander (Ethics Educ 10(2): 175-185, 2015, Stud Philos Educ 38: 467–480, 2019), Barbara Applebaum (Being White, being good: White complicity, White moral responsibility, and social justice pedagogy. Lexington Books, New York 2010, White educators negotiating complicity: Roadblocks paved with good intentions. Lexington Books, New York, NY, 2022), and Liora Gubkin (Teach Theol Relig 18(2): 103–120, 2015). (shrink)

En este artículo comparo y evalúo críticamente las concepciones sobre la justicia global de Sreenivasan y Pogge. Mientras Sreenivasan sostiene que todas las teorías sobre la justicia global actualmente existentes concuerdan en que los países ricos deberían transferir al menos una porción de sus riquezas a los pobres, Pogge reclama que todas las teorías sobre la justicia global concuerdan en que los países ricos deberían dejar de dañar a los pobres en primer lugar. En este artículo, trataré de mostrar (i) (...) que la propuesta de Sreenivasan, como es presentada en sus artículos, es lo suficientemente amplia como para ser aceptable para algunas teorías de justicia internacional distributiva, pero no para todas ellas; (ii) que la propuesta de Pogge es más amplia que la de Sreenivasan, en el sentido de que aspira a obtener sustento en todas las diversas concepciones de justicia internacional distributiva,pero depende de la afirmación de que los países desarrollados dañan actualmentea la pobreza global –una afirmación que intentaré defender–; y (iii) que la visión de Pogge y Sreenivasan son compatibles. De hecho, si Sreenivasan asumiera la afirmación central del argumento de Pogge en su propia propuesta, el alcance delas teorías desde las que él podría ganar sustento sería mucho más amplio. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar el sentido de la risa del filósofo Zaratustra en la obra de Friedrich Nietzsche. Su risa expresa una actitud filosófica y posee tres características: es signo de la sabiduría trágica, síntoma de una forma de vida saludable y una herramienta para la crítica de los ideales que dañan la vida. Concluimos el artículo considerando que la risa y la comedia es el necesario punto de llegada de la concepción dionisíaca del mundo.

Resumen El malestar frente a las desigualdades, sobre todo aquellas que hieren la convivencia humana, han dado curso últimamente a diversas formas de manifestación social en el mundo entero, incluyendo algunas marcadas por la violencia. Sin embargo, ni las desigualdades ni los estallidos sociales son nuevos en la historia de la humanidad. Este trabajo, luego de dar cuenta de algunos estudios sociales recientes en torno a las desigualdades que dañan a las personas y a las sociedades, realiza una aproximación teológica (...) y magisterial a este drama, se hace cargo nuevamente de los valores evangélicos como la justicia y equidad. Termina ofreciendo algunas conclusiones o reflexiones finales que contribuyan al debate y al curso de la acción transformadora que demanda el presente.The unease in the face of inequalities, especially those that harm human coexistence, have recently given rise to various forms of social manifestation throughout the world, including some marked by violence. However, neither inequalities nor social outbursts are new in the history of humanity. This work, after reviewing some recent social studies on inequalities that harm people and societies, makes a theological and magisterial approach to this drama. Itgoes back again to evangelical values such as justice and equity. It ends by offering some conclusions or final reflections that would like to contribute to the debate and the course of the transformative action that the present demands. (shrink)