Health systems in Africa have been widely studied in the social sciences. Several aspects have been addressed in particular: the provision of and access to care, working conditions, the human resources crisis, and patient–provider relations, for example. In this respect, the idea of an “attitude problem,” with health-care providers offering different services for different patients, has been suggested. Recently, researchers have studied the impact of global health initiatives on local health systems, mainly in the fight against HIV/aids. Others have explored (...) why some health issues have attracted more attention than others. Despite this wealth of studies, one point remains insufficiently addressed: the materiality of care and its impact on interactions within hospital settings. In this article, I consider the heuristic value of the uses of a maternity ward in a resource-limited country to understand health workers’ so-called attitude problem, specifically, the tension characteristic of patient–provider interactions. I suggest that this tension is related to a continuous process of translation and anticipation to adapt the maternity ward’s space to everyday activities. Drawing on Akrich’s description of technical objects, and Lussault’s pragmatics of space, I attempt to show that in this context, care is also an art of tinkering with unpredictable bodies in unstable hospitals’ spaces. (shrink)

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é caracterizado pela presença de déficits persistentes na comunicação e interação social, além de padrões restritos e repetitivos de comportamentos, interesses e atividades. Como forma de viabilizar a inclusão das crianças autistas no ambiente escolar, a orientação dos professores que atuam com este público é de suma importância. O objetivo do estudo é apresentar a experiência de orientação feita para os professores que lecionam para alunos autistas, acompanhados pelo Núcleo de Atenção ao TEA, da (...) cidade de Monte Alto-SP, no período de junho de 2022 a junho de 2023. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, embasado na ciência ABA (Análise do Comportamento Aplicada) e relacionado às vivências com os professores em orientações, realizadas mensalmente. Como resultado, observou-se a dificuldade dos docentes em acolher estes alunos, direcionar atividades, lidar com comportamentos disruptivos e no manejo das atividades de vida diária. Discute-se a importância de uma ferramenta de apoio para proporcionar aos docentes maior respaldo teórico à prática com alunos autistas, para contribuir na inclusão, aprendizagem e socialização no ambiente escolar. Esta experiência ampliou as vivências sobre a perspectiva do professor na inclusão escolar de crianças com TEA, lançando luz sobre a necessidade de formação teórica e instrumentalização dos docentes, considerando as particularidades de neurodesenvolvimento e comportamento desta população e contribuindo para a maior eficácia da assistência educacional inclusiva. (shrink)

O revezamento de protagonismo de um dos Três Poderes, em determinado momento histórico, é sazonal; acarretando o aperfeiçoamento de mecanismos que recomponham o equilíbrio (freios e contrapesos - checks and balances). Ocorre que a crise dos Poderes Estatais dificilmente é diagnosticada pelas próprias instituições, que se escoram no discurso de “estabilidade institucional” para evitar mudanças. A simples positivação de direitos e garantias fundamentais, também chamada por Marcelo Neves de “legislação simbólica” ou “legislação álibi”; somada à adoção de ritos meramente formais (...) nos processos pelos Três Poderes, sem que se atenha aperspectiva substancial ou à efetividade dos princípios constitucionais - identificada como “procedimentalismo” por Lênio Streck e Écio Oto Ramos Duarte - acaba por acarretar verdadeira letargia institucional. (shrink)

Este artigo discute as implicações do segundo dualismo pulsional freudiano para a economia narcísica e o conceito de trauma, fenômenos que despontam no corpo teórico da segunda tópica psíquica. Discute-se o modelo econômico da dor física e sua retomada em Além do princípio do prazer, como um marco renovado para a teoria do trauma e sua relação com a fixação em formas de sofrimento psíquico e de adoecimento. Conclui-se que um desenvolvimento teórico sobre a dor e sua relação com o (...) masoquismo erógeno e moral são contribuições para elucidar o retorno de formações narcísicas sobre o Eu. (shrink)

ABSTRACT: In memory of Professor Louise Marcil, from the University of Montreal, who died prematurely in April 1995, this special issue of Dialogue is dedicated to Equality. In addition to presenting the various contributions, the Introduction traces the main strands of Louise Marcil’s work on equality. The impressive corpus of her writings on the subject is characterized throughout by sensitivity to the historical and conceptual complexity of egalitarian theories and policies and by a depth of scholarship, the richness of which (...) defies classification into traditional philosophical schools. Moreover, far from being merely abstract scholarship, this work was clearly intended to strengthen actual egalitarian social projects, to which Louise Marcil was passionately committed. The contributions to this special issue of Dialogue have been selected in large part to reflect the diversity and scholarly standards of Louise Marcil’s approach to equality as well as its engaged spirit. (shrink)

Après avoir questionné l'application de la notion d'audience à Internet, l'article se livre à une analyse critique des dispositifs de mesures et d'études d'audience qui reposent sur un agencement d'outils informatiques, statistiques et marketing. Les mesures de trafic et les enquêtes en ligne ne sont pas tant conçues pour la connaissance des publics que comme outils stratégiques pour la conception de site, la publicité et le commerce électronique. Outre les enjeux déontologiques soulevés par l'exploitation des traces laissées par les internautes, (...) ces dispositifs produisent des modèles de quantification des utilisations qui ne permettent pas de saisir l'usage social du média.After questioning whether the concept of "audience" is applicable to the Internet, this article provides a critical analysis of Internet audience studies based on a combination of computing tools, statistics, and marketing. It analyzes the different methodologies used to measure audiences , as well as online surveys. These devices are mainly used as strategic tools for advertising and electronic commerce. While Internet audience studies raise ethical issues about the protection of users’ privacy, they merely build empirical models that do not allow us to grasp the social uses of Internet. (shrink)

Objetivou-se discutir a comunicação silenciosa entre mãe e bebê, a partir do pensamento de Winnicott. Fez-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada no método clínico e referencial psicanalítico, por meio do estudo de caso de uma criança, com 8 anos de idade e dificuldades no desenvolvimento da fala, sem ..

Nicolas Pujol | : L’auteur montre, à partir d’une analyse critique de la catégorie de « sacré », que le modèle d’intégration de la spiritualité à l’hôpital proposé par Kenneth I. Pargament véhicule des normativités qui peuvent générer des tensions éthiques sur le plan de la clinique. Cet article rappelle qu’une catégorie comme celle de « spiritualité » doit demeurer un outil opérationnel qui participe à la connaissance du monde, et que, pour cela, elle doit sans cesse faire l’objet (...) de questions et d’évaluation de la part de ceux et celles qui l’utilisent. | : The author of the article proposes a critical analysis of the way in which Kenneth I. Pargament approaches the concept of “sacred” to define “spirituality” in the medical context. It shows how his definition of “spirituality” using the concept of “sacred” potentially creates ethical tensions in the hospital. “Spirituality” has to remain an “operational tool” and must always be examined before being used by care professionals. (shrink)

"Artists are trying to move away from the influence of competitive corporate culture that has increasingly defined art as an abrasive urban career. Artists are trying to replace this with the humbler notion of art as a practice, as a mindful way of life, consisting of consciously creative gestures, visible and invisible, large and small. Art practice is a private and public, selfless and generous, creative life process resulting in a conscious cultural product." "Walking Art Practice" brings together the author's (...) experiences as a monk, performance artist, social choreographer and educator. It serves as a provocation, walkers' manifesto, and teaching guide for walking as a mindful cultural activity and as mindful cultural activism. It is an inspirational text for artists, art students and anyone who loves to walk. Ernesto Pujol combines elements from an art book, field journal and walkers' manifesto. It is a text for performative artists, art students, and all who walk as cultural activism. This book is an invitation to: Rethink what it means to walk and explore different ways in which to walk as: a cultural practice; a meditative practice; a radical practice; art; healing; and social engagement; Reconsider how to attend to the inner and outer landscape whilst walking; Treat walking as a performance resource; Walk as an everyday pilgrimage; Walk slowly, walk in and with awareness, walk with and without skill, walk to regain and to lose. [Subject: Performance Art, Walking, Meditation]. (shrink)

This study looks at the interactions between health workers, physical space, surgical tools, and the “patient-body” in an operating theater. My aim is to explore the approaches of Katz, Rawlings, and Collins and to show that when rituals, restrictive entrance procedures, and clothing requirements are not in place, when rules are not observed for reasons that this article addresses, the boundary between the operating theater and its surroundings blurs. It becomes a trivialized space. Data were collected in the regional hospital (...) of one major town of the Extrême Nord of Cameroon. I describe a context of crisis and a lack of equipment and personnel that narrow the boundaries of the operating room but do not erase them. Restrictive entrance procedures, clothing requirements, rituals, and rules that are supposed to separate the operating theater from its surroundings, as Katz has shown, are not observed. Instead, the theater is connected to its surroundings through an “intriguing combination of practices” consistent with the analyses of Rawling and Collins. Thus, the operating theater is not a closed and limited area inside the hospital that can be completely isolated from its surroundings. There is continuity between the interior and the exterior. (shrink)

Dès l'Antiquité, puis ensuite à l’âge classique, se développe toute une littérature qui aborde des questions relatives à la politique au travers de récits de fiction, satires ou utopies. Le récit est alors utilisé comme un moyen d’éviter la censure dans l’analyse critique du régime en place ou du discours dominant ; comme une façon de mettre en scène des expériences philosophiques sur des sociétés imaginaires, ou encore comme une manière détournée d’éveiller l’intelligence politique du lecteur.

Cet article présente un service de consultation conjugale situé en Suisse romande, non médicalisé, dont l’orientation psychodynamique et le travail auprès des couples n’est pas sans rappeler la pratique française des conseillers conjugaux-thérapeutes de couple « ancien modèle ». Si l’appellation de consultation conjugale a été retenue, malgré ses inconvénients, c’est qu’elle permet de toucher un très large public, en particulier de nombreuses personnes insuffisamment individuées pour qui l’appartenance au « Nous-couple » est constitutive. Par rapport aux objectifs de travail, (...) l’auteure explore deux voies, illustrées par deux vignettes cliniques : l’une vise à recouvrir une problématique sous-jacente en rétablissant un équilibre antérieur, l’autre à découvrir l’arrangement défensif du couple en introduisant une dynamique de changement. (shrink)

Aristotelismos y antiaristotelismoen los ss. XVI y XVII. Se dan en esta época dosaristotelismos en ltalia y otro en Espaiía. El antiaristotelismoconoce dos momentos fuertes. 2. La relaciónentre la Physica y la Metaphysica. Se discuteentre los autores si la Filosofia Primera constituyeuna ciencia aparte, o si debe considerarse comouna Physica Generalis, es decir, como la exposiciónde las defíniciones primeras. 3. Tres modalidades:los Comentarias a Aristóteles: concebidosa la manera tradicional, pero caracterizados yapor un marcado eclecticlsmo; los Manuales:repeticiones de la Física que (...) nacen a raiz de lainstauración de la ratio studiorum de los jesuitas;las obras sobre ffsica escritas iuxta propria principia:investigaciones originales que, si bien noocultan la lectura de Aristóteles, se apartannotablemente de su filosofia. 4. Tres conceptosbásicos: espacio, tiempo y movirniento, en algunosautores significativos: Bernardino Telesio,Francesco Patrizi, los Coninbricenses, BenitoPereira y Francisco Suárez. (shrink)

Tudo se passa como se a escrita filosófica de Voltaire se desenvolvesse em uma dupla oposição: de um lado, ela visa denunciar o palavrório dos fazedores de sistemas e a cacofonia a que ele conduz, opondo-lhes a prudência e a modéstia; de outro, ela pretende restaurar, contra a tentação cética, o direito à busca da verdade. Em Voltaire, o discurso filosófico nasce desta tensão, do desejo de dizer o mundo e da vontade de se calar, tensão que a escolha do (...) diálogo tem por função explicitar, dramatizando-a. Perguntamo-nos, então, sobre o lugar e o estatuto da filosofia nos Diálogos . Conteúdo ou continente, conjunto de temas ou modalidade discursiva, a filosofia não está tranquila nesses textos, ela aparece em muitos aspectos como uma exigência problemática. (shrink)

This paper examines the astrological and religious thinking of Moshe ben Nahman (also known as Ramban or Nahmanides) and the intellectual connections in this field with two of the most outstanding Christian thinkers of his time, Ramon Llull and Arnau de Vilanova. Nahmanides, like many medieval scholars, admitted an astral influence, but he did not accept astrology as a divinatory science. He incorporated astrological doctrines in his exegetical works, assuming that Israel is not determined by any star because it only (...) responds to God. Yet the study of medieval medicine and its application cannot be separated from astrology practice because it was considered that the stars had a direct influence not only on the development of the human body, from birth to death, but also in the disease processes which affect it. Ramban and his disciple Solomon ben Adret accepted and practiced astrological medicine. Llull and de Vilanova also devoted themselves to this discipline. All of them agree on the influence of the stars on humankind but condemned astral magic. Like Ramban, Llull rejects other astrological methods considered non-scientific in his time, such as prediction through horoscope. Thus, these thinkers tried to develop an astrology that was not in contradiction with divine omnipotence or free will. (shrink)

L’article « Droit naturel » de Diderot est sans doute l’un des articles les plus lus et les plus commentés de l’Encyclopédie. Certains critiques y voient une rupture décisive avec le droit naturel moderne, d’autres considèrent au contraire que Diderot s’efforce d’en donner une lecture personnelle et non métaphysique. La plupart s’accordent à y reconnaître les symptômes d’une « crise », qui n’est pas sans annoncer celle qui caractérisera un peu plus tard la pensée de Rousseau. Qu’il y ait une (...) « crise » du droit naturel dans cet article, personne ne le contestera. Plutôt que de considérer ce texte comme une simple réfutation, on peut se demander si Diderot ne cherche pas à refonder le droit naturel en posant autrement la question de sa « naturalité », à travers une série de propositions indécidables. Notre idée est que l’article de Diderot aménage et discute vigoureusement certains aspects de ce droit sans en récuser sa légitimité. Il introduit notamment la notion de volonté générale, absente des théories jusnaturalistes, pour proposer une nouvelle théorie des droits et des devoirs dont la fonction est d’ouvrir le champ de la morale. L’implicite de ce texte serait en effet le souci de donner les moyens conceptuels permettant de sortir d’un régime de prescription trop contraignant qui fait traditionnellement reposer la morale sur toute une série d’interdits. En confiant notamment à la « volonté générale » la charge de « fixer les limites de tous les devoirs », Diderot défait le carcan dans lequel s’enferme à des degrés divers toute morale déontique. (shrink)