The origin of eukaryotes is one of the major challenges of evolutionary cell biology. Other than the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the steps leading to eukaryotic endomembranes and endoskeleton are poorly understood. Ras‐family small GTPases are key regulators of cytoskeleton dynamics, vesicular trafficking and nuclear function. They are specific for eukaryotes and their expansion probably traces the evolution of core eukaryote features. The phylogeny of small GTPases suggests that the first endomembranes to evolve during eukaryote evolution had secretory, (...) and not phagocytic, function. Based on the reconstruction of putative roles for ancestral small GTPases, a hypothetical scenario on the origins of the first endomembranes, the nucleus, and phagocytosis is presented. BioEssays 25:1129–1138, 2003. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

The cilium/flagellum is a sensory-motile organelle ancestrally present in eukaryotic cells. For assembly cilia universally rely on intraflagellar transport (IFT), a specialised bidirectional transport process mediated by the ancestral and conserved IFT complex. Based on the homology of IFT complex proteins to components of coat protein I (COPI) and clathrin-coated vesicles, we propose that the non- vesicular, membrane-bound IFT evolved as a specialised form of coated vesicle transport from a protocoatomer complex. IFT thus shares common ancestry with all protocoatomer derivatives, (...) including all vesicle coats and the nuclear pore complex (NPC). This has major implications for the evolutionary origin of the cilium. First, it reinforces the tenet that duplication and divergence of pre-existing structures, rather than symbiosis, were the major themes during cilium evolution. Second, it suggests that the initial step in the autogenous origin of the cilium was the establishment of a membrane patch with transmembrane proteins transported by the ancestral vesicle-coating IFT complex. We propose a scenario for how the initial membrane patch gradually protruded to enhance exposure to the environment, then started to move, and finally compartmentalised to render receptor signalling and ciliary beating more efficient. BioEssays 28: 191–198, 2006. © 2006 Wiley periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

Michel Serres developed a strong core of his philosophical practice around the logic of parasitism. To illustrate this, I propose a bipartite reflection that plays on the external-internal relationship. In the first part I follow Serres in his reflection on the dynamic and unstable relationship between parasitism and symbiosis. The biological and ecological dimension of parasitism occurs in the relationship between viruses, humans and reservoirs. Serres tries to make explicit a parasitic function, irreducible in a single language, which allows to (...) relate the anthropological and sociological characteristics of the parasite to the biological and ecological dynamics. According to Serres, love, humility and a sense of limitation are the global virtues that humanity willhave to rediscover to transform parasitism into symbiosis, rewriting, after Rousseau, a new Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes. In the second part I put in perspective an extraordinarily global example of parasitism of our times: the spread of the Covid-19 virus in the context of the spillove. (shrink)

Članak je pisan sa svrhom upoznavanja čitatelja s temeljnim sadržajem nove knjige R. Gibellinija, Teološke perspektive za XXI. stoljeće. Ta se knjiga tematski nadovezuje na njegovu prethodnu knjigu, Teologija dvadesetog stoljeća. Nakon panorame teološke misli XX. stoljeća, R. Gibellini se pita o zadaćama i perspektivama teološke misli u neposrednoj budućnosti. Budući da je knjigu koju predstavljamo njezin autor R. Gibellini zamislio kao bilancu u perspektivi budućnosti, bilancu koja se oslanja na teologiju XX. stoljeća, u prvom dijelu članka daje se prikaz (...) četiri teološka pravca XX. stoljeća. Ostala tri dijela članka prikazuju teološke perspektive XXI. stoljeća: perspektive teologije korelacije, perspektive teologije u doba mondijalizacije i perspektive teologije ekumenizma i međureligijskog dijaloga. Priloge su napisali međunarodno poznati teolozi. Oni se u razmišljanjima kreću uzduž bitnih linija promišljanja koja su izronila tijekom XX. stoljeća, napose pak u njegovim posljednjim desetljećima, i koje su otvorene daljnjem razvijanju na početku XXI. stoljeća.This article aims to introduce the readership to the basic content of R. Gibellini’s latest book en­titled Theological Perspectives for the 21st Century, which is, thematically speaking, an extensi­on of his previous book, bearing the title Theology of the 20th Century. Following the panoramaof theological thought in the 20th century, R. Gibellini turns to the tasks and perspectives oftheology and its reflections in the near future.Considering that Gibellini conceived the book here presented as a balance from the perspectiveof the future, a balance that draws on the theology of the 20th century, the first section of thearticle brings an overview of the four theological currents of the 20th century. The other threesections centre on the theological prospects of the 21st century: the prospects of the theology ofcorrelation, the prospects of theology in the era of globalisation, and the prospects of the theo­logy of ecumenism and interreligious dialogue. The book was contributed to by internationallyrenowned theologians. Their reflections follow the significant lines of thought that emergedduring the 20th century in general and its last decades in particular, and that are open to furtherdevelopment at the beginning of the 21st century. (shrink)

Desde la perspectiva de la metafísica tomasiana, el tema de la cultura se inscribe de lleno en la ontología de la causalidad intramundana, pero para emerger de ella trascendiéndola. La relevancia que aquí cobra el acontecer no es arbitraria. Le viene dada por el hecho de ser, en la esfera de lo generable y corruptible, la más eminente participación del acto creador, más íntimo a ella que ella misma.

Deception is pervasive in negotiations and organizations, and emotions are critical to using, detecting, and responding to deception. In this article, we introduce a theoretical model to explore the interplay between emotional intelligence (the ability to perceive and express, understand, regulate, and use emotions) and deception in negotiations. In our model, we propose that emotional intelligence influences the decision to use deception, the effectiveness of deception, the ability to detect deception, and the consequences of deception (specifically, trust repair and retaliation). (...) We consider the emotional intelligence of both deceivers and targets, and we consider characteristics of negotiators, their interaction, and the negotiation context that moderate these relationships. Our model offers a theoretical foundation for research on emotions, emotional intelligence, and deception and identifies a potential disadvantage of negotiating with an emotionally intelligent counterpart. Though prior work has focused on the advantages of being and interacting with people high in emotional intelligence, we assert that those most likely to deceive us may also be those highest in emotional intelligence. (shrink)

Con un'impostazione che coniuga la fedeltà testuale e l'approfondimento critico, il percorso di questo libro mira a ricondurre l'edificazione kierkegaardina - spesso considerata mera esortazione spirituale - allo spessore autenticamente filosofico d'una via soggettiva alla verità. Un modello antioggettivistico di filosofare senza perdere di vista né l'esercizio del dubbio né la dimensione della fede. Attraverso l' interpretazione kierkegaardiane di C. Fabro si è giunti all'esposizione e ai lineamenti descrittivi fondamentali della nozione del singolo. Il singolo viene presentato dallo stesso Kierkegaard (...) come la mia categoria. Sta di fatto che si può intendere l'intera produzione kierkegaardiana come un pensare soggettivamente il singolo. Pensiero etico carico di conseguenze pratiche, giacchè il danese non pretendeva fondare una scuola filosofica ma soltanto rendere attenti, svegliare le coscienze. (shrink)

La encarnación del Verbo de Dios, que culmina en el misterio pascual de la muerte y resurección de Jesucristo, es el hecho fundamental y la novedad radial del Cristianismo. En la encarnación del Verbo, el Dios infinito y creador se autocomunica amorosamente a lo otro creado, para redención y divinización del hombre, para recapitulación del cosmos.

The crisis of subjectivistic anthropocentrism makes a new interpretation of the weird category of the demonic feasible today. The demonic presents itself as the realm of influences, of connections, of the necessary hybridizations. The essay will try to indicate a path that leads to such hybridizations starting from the category of temporality, confronting itself with an active and subjectivistic interpretation, hybridized in the relationship between science and writing, such as that of Gaston Bachelard.

Il saggio segue la metamorfosi dell’immagine edificante dello spettacolo della natura, metafora della pietade illuminata nell’opera dell’Abate Pluche e segno di un relativismo umanistico e prospettico negli Entretiens sur la pluralité des mondes del Fontanelle, fino a circoscrivere lo scenario del Dialogo di un Folletto e di uno Gnomo, che dà luogo a un originalissimo ribaltamento dell’immagine dello spettacolo. Le forme di tale torsione insieme poetica e di pensiero, che coinvolge l’orizzonte del sapere naturalistico leopardiano nella rappresentazione desolata e straniante (...) di una cruda verità cosmica, attestata dalla scienza e dalla filosofia naturale, sono descritte con l’adesione a puntuali riferimenti testuali, nella trama di letture giovanili richiamate da Leopardi nella produzione matura. (shrink)

A forgotten document by the young Leopardi: the Disputatio and its relation to the Dissertazioni filosofiche - In this essay we look at the Disputatio, a forgotten document by the young Leopardi. It consists of a list of sixty questions, thirty written in Latin and thirty in Italian. These were the questions that Leopardi had to answer in his last public examination, held on the 20 July 1812. In the first part, the authors and sources used by Leopardi in the (...) preparation of the exercise will be studied and compared with the text of the Disputatio. The second part is a comparison between the text of the Disputatio and that of the Dissertazioni filosofiche of 1811-1812. This comparison and consideration of the order in which the subjects are presented reveal that the Dissertazioni filosofiche were written when the poet was preparing for the above-mentioned examination, and that in the Disputatio there are thinkers and subjects, such as La Mettrie and Holbach, that were important for the development of Leopardi’s mature philosophy. (shrink)

In memoriam José Arrazola Ramírez The logic $\textbf{G}^{\prime}_3$ was introduced by Osorio et al. in 2008; it is a three-valued logic, closely related to the paraconsistent logic $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$ introduced by Osorio et al. in 2014. The logic $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$ is defined in terms of a multi-valued semantics and has the property that each theorem in $\textbf{G}^{\prime}_3$ is a theorem in $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$. Kripke-type semantics has been given to $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$ in two different ways by Borja et al. in 2016. In this work, we (...) continue the study of $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$, obtaining a Hilbert-type axiomatic system and proving a soundness and completeness theorem for this logic. (shrink)

Either God or nothing – Nihilism and transcendental Idealism. By the time of the “Atheism-Controversy” (Atheismusstreit) Jacobi wrote a “Letter to Fichte” (Brief an Fichte) in which he described the doctrine of science as Nihilism and not as Atheism. According to Jacobi, the doctrine of science would incur in to an emptiness of meaning and in to an artificial belief. Nevertheless, Fichte’s first and immediate position towards those critiques was not one of perplexity, because according to him the critiques Jacobi’s (...) on the doctrine of science were in fact to be understood as a confusion between life and philosophy. The aim here is to discuss the distinction Fichte’s between the point of view of life and the one of the philosophy. This contribution isn’t however based only on texts that approach this distinction, but also analyses it in an illustrative way by interpreting some speculative writings of Fichte himself, specially the published exposition of his doctrine of science: the Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre. Those texts apparently reinforce Jacobi’s position, but show in fact that Fichte is right. This way it may possible to reach a clear description of transcendental idealism, or at least as it was presented by Fichte in his Jena-period (1794–99). Anlässlich des Atheismusstreits schreibt Jacobi einen Brief An Fichte, in dem er die Wissenschaftslehre nicht als Atheismus, sondern als Nihilismus darstellt. Jacobi zufolge würde die Wissenschaftslehre an eine Sinnentleerung und an einen künstlichen Glauben verfallen. Die erste und unmittelbare Stellungnahme Fichtes gegenüber diesen Kritiken ist allerdings nicht durch Betroffenheit gekennzeichnet, weil diese Kritiken Jacobis an der Wissenschaftslehre, so Fichte, sich durch eine Verwirrung zwischen Leben und Philosophie erklären lassen. Hier geht es folglich darum, diese methodologische Unterscheidung zwischen dem Standpunkt des Lebens und dem der Philosophie zur Diskussion zu stellen. Dieser Beitrag lässt sich aber nicht nur durch eine Bezugnahme auf die Texte, die sich allein mit dieser Unterscheidung auseinandersetzen, begründen, sondern auch illustrativ, d.h. durch die Bewertung einiger spekulativen Texte Fichtes, im Besonderen seine veröffentlichte Darstellung der Wissenschaftslehre: die Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre. Solche Texte bestärken nur anscheinend Jacobis Position, deuten aber tatsächlich, dass Fichte eigentlich Recht hat. Dadurch lässt sich vielleicht eine hervortretende Beschreibung des transzendentalen Idealismus gewinnen, wenigstens wie er sich bei Fichte in der Jenaer Zeit (1794–99) darstellte. (shrink)

L'opera è uno studio sugli aspetti teologici,metafisici, etici e politici della dottrina di Tommaso D'Aquino. Partendo dall'aspetto metafisico i principi della natura e l'ente e l'essenza scritti tra il 1252 e il 1256. L'opera verte sul rapporto tra l'ordine metafisico e quello logico. Affronta una serie di questioni centrali nel pensiero tomista: il principio di individuazione, il problema degli universali, il rifiuto dell'ilemorfismo universale, l'indefinibilità formale di Dio.

Los recientes acontecimientos económicos y su trascendental repercusión a nivel mundial, tienen entre alguna de sus más notables consecuencias la caída generalizada en los niveles de consumo. Paralelamente otro de los fenómenos cuasi-globales, el consumo masivo de objetos, se caracteriza cada vez más por la frugalidad de dichos objetos de consumo y la necesidad de sustituirlos por otros que aporten alguna novedad; lo que implica que el consumidor no pueda descansar en sus ansias consumistas. A partir de la unión de (...) estos dos aspectos, crisis económica y consumo posmoderno, se plantea un análisis social de algunos de los aspectos que caracterizan a la sociedad de consumo española en el momento presente y su repercusión en la distribución del gasto. (shrink)

Self-confidence is associated with many positive outcomes, and training programs routinely seek to build participants’ self-efficacy. In this article, however, we consider whether self-confidence increases unethical behavior. In a series of studies, we explore the relationship between negotiator self-efficacy—an individual’s confidence in his or her negotiation ability—and the use of deception. We find that individuals high in negotiator self-efficacy are more likely to use deception than individuals low in negotiator self-efficacy. We also find that perceptions of the risk of deception (...) mediate this relationship. By identifying negotiator self-efficacy as an antecedent to unethical behavior, our findings offer important theoretical and empirical insights into the use of deception, the role of individual differences in ethical decision making, and the broader consequences of self-confidence in business and society. (shrink)