Robert Alexy has argued that the democratic objection to judicial review of legislation can be successfully addressed by assuming that judges exercise a special form of argumentative representation. In this article we argue that Alexy does not explain (as he should) under what circumstances judicial review tends to produce better decisions than parliamentary procedure, nor does he explain how judicial review can have a greater intrinsic value than parliamentary procedure. Subsequently, we argue that the intrinsic value of argumentative representation depends (...) on the promotion of citizen deliberation, whereas its instrumental value depends on judges being committed to the rights of discrete and insular minorities in the face of hostile majorities. (shrink)

RESUMEN Un atento repaso por la concepción de la violencia chulhaniana en el contexto de las formas tradicionales que han estudiado este fenómeno social permite exponer con mayor detalle y claridad esta propuesta en cuanto a la relación con el otro se refiere. Cuando lo sucedido durante el colonialismo que azotó al mundo en el transcurso de los siglos XVIII y XIX se asumía como las más peligrosas acciones cometidas en procura de la supresión de las características propias de cada (...) uno, en la medida en que los fenómenos de invasión suprimían materialmente la diferencia que poblaba el mundo, apareció la violencia de la positividad como la disposición sistémica que parte de la libertad y el consentimiento individual para, tácitamente, eliminar cualquier tipo de sentido de otredad presente en su constitución. ABSTRACT A careful review of the conception of Chulhanian violence in the context of the traditional forms that have studied this social phenomenon makes it possible to explain in greater detail and clarity this proposal as to the relationship with the other refers. When what happened during colonialism that hit the world during the 18th and 19th centuries was assumed to be the most dangerous actions committed in seeking the suppression of each other's own characteristics to the extent that invasion phenomena materially suppressed the difference that populated the world, the violence of positivity appeared as the systemic disposition that begins with freedom and individual consent to, tacitly, to eliminate any kind of sense of otherness present in its constitution. (shrink)

In this paper I aim to think about a set of different issues in relation to Marx’s philosophy on the light of the experience of Paris Commune. More specifically, I would like to point out that Marx’s experience facing the Commune could be constituted as a revealing indicator of some of the most significant outlines of his philosophy. Firstly, I am proposing an analysis of the letter from Marx to Ruge in Kreuznach with the purpose of thinking over young Marx’s (...) revolution idea by identifying two critical aspects that modify and project it transformed towards the Commune. In second place, I present a re-reading of The Civil War in France crossed by an internal disjunction between the scientific, political and philosophical words that are present in Marx, but that resist to be reappropriated in a single speech. (shrink)

I propose a version of teleosemantics for simple animal representations that combines Millikan’s suggestion that they represent the most crucial “normal conditions” required for them to bring about their beneficial behavioral effects with Neander’s suggestion that they represent their “normal causes”. The content of a simple representation is the most crucial among the normal conditions responsible for its tokens having beneficial behavioral effects that also causes such tokens. I argue that this version delivers more plausible contents than other versions of (...) teleosemantics. Frogs’ prey detectors represent the animals they prey on rather than nutritious or small moving things. (shrink)

The use of batteries became essential in our daily life in electronic devices, electric vehicles and energy storage systems in general terms. As they play a key role in many devices, their design and implementation must follow a thorough test process to check their features at different operating points. In this circumstance, the appearance of any kind of deviation from the expected operation must be detected. This research deals with real data registered during the testing phase of a lithium iron (...) phosphate—LiFePO4—battery. The process is divided into four different working points, alternating charging, discharging and resting periods. This work proposes a hybrid classifier, based on one-class techniques, whose aim is to detect anomalous situations during the battery test. The faults are created by modifying the measured cell temperature a slight ratio from their real value. A detailed analysis of each technique performance is presented. The average performance of the chosen classifier presents successful results. (shrink)

Constantine’s adherence to Christianity was a long process conditioned by personal motivations, as well as cultural and political factors. He observed the heathen cults and he did not recognize himself as a christian until the year 314, in his letter to the bishops met in Arelate. Since 324, after the defeat of Licinius, he declared his faith in the One and Only True God in different official texts. He resolved to receive the baptism a few days before his death, in (...) 337, perhaps in the hope of healing fromhis illness. His concept of Christianity was the one of an utilitarian religion, that offered him protection in war and guaranteed his authority in peace with the support of the Church. (shrink)

La tradición filosófica se ha aproximado al hombre en términos universales y abstractos. Este articulo explora la posibilidad filosófica de tantear al hombre de manera más concreta desde la especificidad de su sexualidad recurriendo al pensamiento de Julián Marías, quien incorpora en la filosofía las categorías y las reflexiones en torno a la condición sexuada y la existencia de la “persona masculina” y la “persona femenina” como dos modos en que deviene la persona.

A large part of technological advances, especially in the field of industry, have been focused on the optimization of productive processes. However, the detection of anomalies has turned out to be a great challenge in fields like industry, medicine or stock markets. The present work addresses anomaly detection on a control level plant. We propose the application of different intelligent techniques, which allow to obtain one-class classifiers using real data taken from the correct plant operation. The performance of each classifier (...) is assessed and validated with real created faults, achieving successful overall results. (shrink)

Content-based authorship identification is an emerging research problem in online social media networks, due to a wide collection of issues ranging from security to privacy preservation, from radicalization to defamation detection, and so forth. Indeed, this research has attracted a relevant amount of attention from the research community during the past years. The general problem becomes harder when we consider the additional constraint of identifying the same false profile over different social media networks, under obvious considerations. Inspired by this emerging (...) research challenge, in this paper we propose and experimentally assess an innovative framework for supporting content-based authorship identification and analysis in social media networks. (shrink)

Automatic control of physiological variables is one of the most active areas in biomedical engineering. This paper is centered in the prediction of the analgesic variables evolution in patients undergoing surgery. The proposal is based on the use of hybrid intelligent modelling methods. The study considers the Analgesia Nociception Index to assess the pain in the patient and remifentanil as intravenous analgesic. The model proposed is able to make a one-step-ahead prediction of the remifentanil dose corresponding to the current state (...) of the patient. The input information is the previous remifentanil dose, the ANI variable and the electromyogram signal. Modelling techniques used are Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector machines for Regression combined with clustering methods. Both training and validation were done with a real dataset from different patients. Results obtained show the potential of this methodology to calculate the drug dose corresponding to a given analgesic state of the patient. (shrink)

En las últimas décadas, la tendencia a pensar la estética a partir del carácter autónomo de su objeto ha sido dominante en la discusión filosófica alemana. Sin embargo, la crítica a la estética de la autonomía ha cobrado recientemente un nuevo aliento. Uno de los intentos más ambiciosos por destronar la centralidad de este paradigma en la estética actual corresponde al filósofo Georg W. Bertram. El propósito de este artículo es reconstruir la teoría estética de Bertram y exponer cómo ella (...) se inserta en la disciplina estética. Paralelamente, se mostrarán algunas dificultades de la revitalización de una ontología del arte basada en la continuidad entre praxis artística y vida cotidiana. (shrink)

RESUMENEl artículo se propone registrar los puntos principales de la controvertida relación que Theodor Adorno mantuvo, entre 1950 y 1966, con los jóvenes músicos reunidos en torno a los Cursos Internacionales para la Nueva Música realizados en Darmstadt. Se expondrá el modo en que en la música serial, a pesar de su progresismo, que el filósofo medía por el trato con la modernidad radical representada por la escuela vienesa de Schönberg, resonaban elementos que neutralizaban las fuerzas productivas de la nueva (...) música. Al final se elucidará la justificación política que acompañaba a los síntomas estéticos de envejecimiento que Adorno atribuía al círculo de compositores de postguerra.PALABRAS CLAVEADORNO, ESTÉTICA NEGATIVA, RACIONALIZACIÓN, ARTE AUTÓNOMO,MÚSICA SERIALABSTRACTThe paper proposes to record the main points of the controversial relationship Theodor Adorno held, between 1950 and 1966, with the young musicians gathered around the International Courses for the New Music performed in Darmstadt. Here is presented the way in which in serial music, despite its progressivism, which the philosopher measured in the treatment with the radical modernity represented by the Viennese School of Schönberg, resounded elements that neutralized the productive forces of the new music. Finally, I intend to elucidate the political justification that accompanied the aesthetics symptoms of aging that Adorno attributed to the circle of post-war composers.KEYWORDSADORNO, NEGATIVE AESTHETICS, RATIONALIZATION, AUTONOMOUS ART, SERIAL MUSIC. (shrink)

En este trabajo abordamos la relación entre escepticismo, materialismo y clandestinidad en los primeros escritos de Denis Diderot. A partir del estudio de las referencias al escepticismo encontradas en su traducción de An Inquiry Concerning Virtue or Merit de Shaftesbury y analizando las posiciones sostenidas posteriormente en dos obras de su propia autoría -Pensamientos filosóficos y El paseo del escéptico -, intentamos mostrar: a) qué significado tiene el escepticismo en tanto actitud filosófica en la obra del joven Diderot, y b) (...) cómo se configuró la transformación de mitad de siglo en el movimiento ilustrado y qué papel cumplió nuestro autor en la misma. In this paper, we study the connections between skepticism, materialism and clandestinity in Denis Diderot' first writings. Leaning on the references found in his translation of Shaftesbury's An Inquiry Concerning Virtue or Merit in the first place and, secondly, analyzing what Diderot says as an author in two of his works -Philosophical Thoughts and The Skeptic's Walk - we try to show: a) what's the meaning of skepticism as a philosophical attitude in young Diderot's writings; b) how transformation at the Enlightenment movement in the second half of the Eighteenth Century was configured, and what was Diderot's role in that transformation. (shrink)

En más de doscientas páginas, el lector encontrará cinco artículos: las palabras pronunciadas por el profesor Carlos Gaviria Díaz el día en que se realizó el evento "Hans Kelsen: una teoría pura del derecho ", las ponencias escritas de los profesores Óscar Mejía Quintana, Thomas Bustamante y el suscrito, Édgar Hernán Fuentes Contreras, mas una contribución invaluable e inédita para este texto del profesor Mario Alberto Montoya Brand. Una antología de textos disímiles, pero con la rigurosidad académica propia de (...) cada uno de los autores y que pone en discusión, en términos actuales, las construcciones metodológicas y teóricas del profesor austríaco Hans Kelsen. Un recorrido sobre interpretaciones, críticas, profundizaciones, posturas, complementos y dilucidaciones que, de seguro, pondrán una vez más a los lectores en la necesidad de repensar lo que hasta ahora se ha dicho sobre Kelsen. (shrink)

Nowadays, the quality standards of higher education institutions pay special attention to the performance and evaluation of the students. Then, having a complete academic record of each student, such as number of attempts, average grade and so on, plays a key role. In this context, the existence of missing data, which can happen for different reasons, leads to affect adversely interesting future analysis. Therefore, the use of imputation techniques is presented as a helpful tool to estimate the value of missing (...) data. This work deals with the academic records of engineering students, in which imputation techniques are applied. More specifically, it is assessed and compared to the performance of the multivariate imputation by chained equations methodology, the adaptive assignation algorithm based on multivariate adaptive regression splines and a hybridization based on self-organisation maps with Mahalanobis distances and AAA algorithm. The results show that proposed methods obtain successfully results regardless the number of missing values, in general terms. (shrink)

Volver objeto temático la herencia de la teoría crítica es interrogar nuevamente por la capacidad de discernimiento de la praxis humana que se ejerce bajo el supuesto de que algo existente no debería ser como es, porque se han incumplido sus aspiraciones normativas o porque ellas mutan en dispositivos de control. Al mismo tiempo, la pregunta enfática por la crítica implica algo diferente al examen de los criterios de legitimidad de los distintos saberes críticos y su relación con el poder. (...) La pregunta también interpela a la propia constitución de la crítica como capacidad de discernimiento. A partir del diagnóstico del régimen poscrítico, se propone aquí un desplazamiento en la formulación del problema de la crisis de la crítica. Con este desplazamiento no se aboga por un abandono radical de la crítica, ni se defiende su función provisoria en vistas de su consumación práctica en una sociedad verdadera; tampoco al orden de la regulación normativa que permite determinar, evaluar y jerarquizar su propio desempeño. Lo que nos interesa explorar es aquello que se sustrae de la regulación normativa del juicio sobre lo adecuado y lo inadecuado. El tema de reflexión es lo que la crítica designa en su diferencia irreductible con ella misma. El presente trabajo indaga entonces esa diferencia bajo el nombre de «crítica reticente». Para ello se vale de la noción de Adorno de «lo añadido». La tesis general sostiene que la crítica reticente refiere a un «momento estético» que le impide autoconstituirse, como quería Kant, en tribunal absoluto al que todo debe someterse. (shrink)

After Agathon's speech in Plato's Symposium, Socrates takes a little time to make some comments about it. One of these comments is that the speech brought Gorgias to his memory (198 c 2-5). In this article we intend to track down in three complementary levels the diverse reasons why this recollection took place: (A) regarding the form of the speech, we will try to show that there is an equivalence in how both Gorgias in his Encomium to Helen and the (...) character of Agathon in the Symposium construct their respective logoi; (B) regarding the style of writing, we will see the frequent use in the poet's speech of the rhetoric resource of "saying things alike'' (isa legein) usually ascribed to Gorgias; (C) finally, regarding the contents of both speeches we will try to show that many of the elements used by the sophist to praise the logos in his Encomium to Helen may be found, more or less, in Agathon's praise of Eros. The article will try to show, thus, which are the precise elements that may have made Socrates remember Gorgias after listening to the tragic poet. (shrink)

En el presente artículo analizaremos el rol de la autobiografía en Tiempo y narración, intentando comprender los motivos por los que este género literario no tiene tanta relevancia en la obra de Ricoeur. En lo referente a su relación con la identidad narrativa,sostendremos que, a pesar de lo que se podría suponer, la identidad narrativa es una derivación del análisis de la autobiografía y no a la inversa. Invertido este vínculo, nuestro segundo paso consistirá en deslindar el tipo de relación (...) que tienen las ficciones literarias y los relatos de vida en la identidad narrativa. (shrink)

Resumen Es por demás conocida la crítica que Aristóteles presenta en el libro VII de Ética nicomaquea al así llamado "intelectualismo socrático", según el cual nadie actúa de modo tal que su acción resulte en un mal a sabiendas, es decir, voluntariamente. Si algo así ocurriere, se explicaría porque el agente ignoraba que estaba haciendo un mal. Aristóteles objeta, como es sabido, la incompatibilidad que tal teoría presenta con losAristotelian criticism of the so called "Socratic intellectualism" in Nicomaquean Ethics VII (...) is well known. However, on many occasions Aristotle gives part of reason to the Socratic position. The aim of this work is twofold: to review a specific aspect of the way in which Aristotle may have understood Socratic intellectualism specially regarding someone who is actually knowing that what he or she is aboutto do is wrong; to review why, in that specific aspect, Aristotle's own position is not, as is often said, so distant from the Socratic. (shrink)

En ¿La lección de Auschwitz¿ se encuentran sintetizados buena parte de los momentos centrales del pensamiento filosófico-educativo de Joan-Carles Mèlich. Podría servir, en este sentido, para tener una visión de conjunto de su producción de los últimos años. La presente nota, sin ser muy pretenciosa con respecto a este presupuesto, se detiene en ir glosando algunas reflexiones especialmente significativas del libro sin renunciar en algunos momentos a la intuición que reclama casi visceralmente una mayor radicalidad trágica en estos mismos planteamientos.

En este trabajo se pretende mostrar el sentido político que adquirió la defensa de la teoría por parte de Adorno en los últimos años de su vida. él empleó esta defensa como una respuesta a los imperativos de los estudiantes de izquierda de plegar la teoría crítica a la intervención práctica inmediata. Para justificar esta tesis se atiende no sólo a lo que decía, sino también, en un nivel discursivo diferente, a lo que estaba haciendo cuando empleaba concentraciones de términos (...) y enunciados densos y eruditos para manifestarse. Esto lleva a incluir las reflexiones y valoraciones de Adorno referentes a la actitud teorética y a la praxis, principalmente aquellas esbozadas en Dialéctica negativa, en un contexto más amplio. This work pretends to show the political sense that the defense of the theory by Adorno acquired in the last years of his life. He used this defense as an answer to the students's imperatives of applying the critical theory to the immediate practical intervention. In order to justify this thesis will be considered not only what Adorno said, but also, in a different discursive level, what he was doing on having used concentrations of terms and dense and erudite declarations. This entails, then, to relate Adorno's reflections and assessments concerning to the theoretical and practical approach -specially those outlined in Negative Dialectic- to a broader contextual framework. (shrink)

Resumen: This is the first part of a three-part paper on incommensurability. Although incommensurability between theories has been object of study during many years, there does not seem to be a clear consensus regarding the notion of meaning according to which it should be characterised. Based on the notion of incommensurability proposed here, the common ground between incommensurable theories is neither determined by the sense nor by the reference of the relevant terms, but by a given phenomenon type, which fixes (...) the subject matter of inquiry. Phenomenon types are understood as expressions that are associated with some phenomenon and describable or understandable in some language. In this proposal, two theories can refer to a same phenomenon type even if they are mutually incommensurable about the concepts used in them to grasp it. This possibility may serve as a way of fixing the subject matter of an investigation and, thus, to characterise the common ground between incommensurable paths of inquiry.: This is the first part of a three-part paper on incommensurability. Although incommensurability between theories has been object of study during many years, there does not seem to be a clear consensus regarding the notion of meaning according to which it should be characterised. Based on the notion of incommensurability proposed here, the common ground between incommensurable theories is neither determined by the sense nor by the reference of the relevant terms, but by a given phenomenon type, which fixes the subject matter of inquiry. Phenomenon types are understood as expressions that are associated with some phenomenon and describable or understandable in some language. In this proposal, two theories can refer to a same phenomenon type even if they are mutually incommensurable about the concepts used in them to grasp it. This possibility may serve as a way of fixing the subject matter of an investigation and, thus, to characterise the common ground between incommensurable paths of inquiry. (shrink)

This book is the first in the field of paraconsistency to offer a comprehensive overview of the subject, including connections to other logics and applications in information processing, linguistics, reasoning and argumentation, and philosophy of science. It is recommended reading for anyone interested in the question of reasoning and argumentation in the presence of contradictions, in semantics, in the paradoxes of set theory and in the puzzling properties of negation in logic programming. Paraconsistent logic comprises a major logical theory and (...) offers the broadest possible perspective on the debate of negation in logic and philosophy. It is a powerful tool for reasoning under contradictoriness as it investigates logic systems in which contradictory information does not lead to arbitrary conclusions. Reasoning under contradictions constitutes one of most important and creative achievements in contemporary logic, with deep roots in philosophical questions involving negation and consistency This book offers an invaluable introduction to a topic of central importance in logic and philosophy. It discusses the history of paraconsistent logic; language, negation, contradiction, consistency and inconsistency; logics of formal inconsistency and the main paraconsistent propositional systems; many-valued companions, possible-translations semantics and non-deterministic semantics; paraconsistent modal logics; first-order paraconsistent logics; applications to information processing, databases and quantum computation; and applications to deontic paradoxes, connections to Eastern thought and to dialogical reasoning. (shrink)

En este artículo exploro algunos de los tópicos vinculados tradicionalmente con el problema de la normatividad del derecho: autonomía, racionalidad, relevancia práctica, razones para la acción y autoridad. Trataré de construir un marco conceptual que refleje la complejidad teórica del problema y las posiciones filosóficas desde los cuales puede ser abordado. Particularmente, me centraré en el análisis de las asunciones filosóficas relacionadas con ciertas posturas y la revisión de su coherencia mutua.

In Sophocles’ Ajax, a recurring conflict between two axiological systems gets thematized: the archaic, in which agonal values and personal excellence predominate, and the enlightened, which corresponds to the demands of already-developed cities and their values of equality and communal deliberation. This conflict is developed from a topic typical of the practical ideology of the time: the problem of measure and excess. The present work will account for the peculiar Sophoclean treatment of this problem through the analysis of the lexicon (...) in different passages of the work. As will be seen, characters as antagonistic as Ajax, Menelaus, and Agamemnon nonetheless concord in word choice when substantiating their decisions regarding how to act in situations of conflict. These words define common concepts typical of the archaic heroic code. On the contrary, other characters such as Tecmesa, the sailors’ choir, Odysseus himself, and Athena take different perspectives that are linked to enlightened demands._ _. (shrink)

This paper is on the paradox of a right, the right to education that is almost universally declared as compulsory. The reason for the compulsion seems to be in its nature as a right. Within a Hohfeldian framework, any claim-right has a corresponding duty. Given that making education compulsory equates to establishing a duty, the possible candidates to the duty generating right-bearers are considered.The rationales for compulsion from the points of view of positive (for one’s own good), negative (no compulsion (...) at all), and republican liberty (society right) are analyzed, and the conclusion is reached that none of the three can produce sufficient justification for compulsion. The main conclusion is that education is a right, not an obligation. Therefore, neither the children nor their families can be legally forced to an unrestricted exercise of this right without even being heard. The law must reflect, in its progressive flexibility, the growing possibilities of choice for right-holders who are adults ‘in fieri’. (shrink)