Le missionnaire et ethnologue Maurice Leenhardt affirme que le sujet n’existe pas dans la culture kanak précoloniale de Nouvelle Calédonie, et que seule la conversion au christianisme en assure l’émergence. La faille méthodologique de cet auteur consiste à induire des carences cognitives à partir de faits linguistiques. En réalité, le statut de sujet n’est pas absent de l’univers kanak, mais ce sont ses modalités d’expression et d’assomption qui sont inédites pour un regard occidental.

La polémique de Kierkegaard contre l’Église est menée au nom d’arguments religieux. Voilà pourquoi c’est dans le « christianisme » du philosophe danois, et plus particulièrement dans son ecclésiologie, que nous chercherons les facteurs de cet anticléricalisme spécifiquement chrétien. Nous en dégagerons les grandes lignes d’une pensée religieuse qui se construit sur l’opposition entre « christianisme » et « chrétienté », ainsi que les principes d’une ecclésiologie de conviction, qui laisse peu de place pour les compromis avec le « Monde (...) ». Kierkegaard’s polemic against Church is led in the name of religious arguments. That’s why it is in the « Christianity » of the Danish philosopher, and more particularly in his ecclesiology, that we will look for the factors of this specifically Christian anticlericalism. We will draw the mean lines of a religious thought which builds itself on the opposition between « Christianity » and « Christendom », and the principles of an ecclesiology of conviction, which gives few place to compromises with the « World ». (shrink)

La pensée de Lanza del Vasto a souvent été qualifiée de « pré-moderne », ou d’« anti-moderne » : hostile à la civilisation technique, à la sécularisation, à l’autonomie individuelle et au progrès historique. Cependant, sa critique de la « modernité » ne se rapproche-t-elle pas autant des positions « post-modernes » que « pré-modernes » ? En réalité, l’œuvre de Lanza del Vasto ne peut être réduite à aucune des catégories communes de classification : penseur de l’utopie et de (...) l’uchronie, cet auteur demeure inclassable. La découverte de sa pensée dans toute sa complexité nous conduit à interroger le principe même de l’entreprise taxinomique, et à remettre en question sa pertinence heuristique. The thought of Lanza del Vasto has often be called « pre-modern » or « anti-modern »: hostile to technical civilization, to secularization, to individual autonomy, and to historical progress. Nevertheless, does not his criticism of « modernity » draw as near to « post-modern » positions as to « pre-modern » ones? In fact, the works of Lanza del Vasto cannot be reduced to any of the common categories of classification : as a thinker of utopia and uchronia, this author remains unclassifiable. The discovery of his thought in all its complexity induces us to wonder about the very principle of taxonomic enterprise, and to question its heuristic pertinence. (shrink)

Professeur de philosophie de la religion à la Faculté de théologie protes­tante de notre Université, Frédéric Rognon (FR) présente une analyse de l’œuvre de Jacques Ellul (1912-1994), qui fut longtemps professeur à l’Institut d’Études Politiques de Bordeaux et membre engagé de l’Église Réformée de France. La première partie de l’étude reprend nombre des 58 ouvrages publiés par Ellul en les distribuant successivement entre socio­logie et théologie. La seconde partie en examine d’abord les troi..

At the phenomenal level, consciousness can be described as a singular, unified field of recursive self-awareness, consistently coherent in a particualr way; that of a subject located both spatially and temporally in an egocentrically-extended domain, such that conscious self-awareness is explicitly characterized by I-ness, now-ness and here-ness. The psychological mechanism underwriting this spatiotemporal self-locatedness and its recursive processing style involves an evolutionary elaboration of the basic orientative reference frame which consistently structures ongoing spatiotemporal self-location computations as i-here-now. Cognition computes action-output (...) in the midst of ongoing movement, and consequently requires a constant self-locating spatiotemporal reference frame as basis for these computations. Over time, constant evolutionary pressures for energy efficiency have encouraged both the proliferation of anticipative feedforward processing mechansims, and the elaboration, at the apex of the sensorimotor processing hierarchy, of self-activating, highly attenuated recursively-feedforward circuitry processing the basic orientational schema independent of external action output. As the primary reference frame of active waking cognition, this recursive i-here-now processing generates a zone of subjective self-awareness in terms of which it feels like something to be oneself here and now. This is consciousness. (shrink)

The use of the human microbiome as a subject of study for forensic purposes raises a number of issues, ranging from a challenge to our traditional concept of identity to respect for privacy and the type of consent to be obtained when a microbiome sample is taken. The particular nature of this study requires the joint work of a multidisciplinary team made up of specialists in ethics, forensic science, law, microbiology, philosophy and political science.

"The extensive attention devoted to abortion has led Christians for too long to overlook much of the exploding bioethics agenda. Moreover, to focus only on 'issues' is to fail to address the profound changes taking place in the very nature of the medical profession. This book signals the commitment of the Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity to help expand the church's bioethical vision and to foster a more substantial Christian contribution to the public debate."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by (...) Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (shrink)

Les penseurs occidentaux du politique affirment volontiers que la démocratie a été inventée par la Grèce antique et redécouverte par l’Europe moderne. Mais cette conception ne participe-t-elle pas d’un vol de l’histoire dont l’Occident se serait rendu coupable en imposant le récit de son passé au reste du monde? Telle est la thèse forte défendue par l’anthropologue britannique Jack Goody. Il y a insisté dans des développements consacrés à l’individualisme, dont la démocratie représente « l’aspect politique » : l’individualisme n’est (...) pas une invention exclusivement européenne ; en d’autres lieux et à d’autres époques, les hommes se sont pensés comme des individus. (shrink)

This set is a carefully balanced selection of writings representing some of the most important currents in the thought of city and regional planning during the period 1870-1940 when urban planning emerged as a serious disciplinary field. The set consists of eight key books from this period, handsomely illustrated and reproduced in their entirety, and a separate volume of fifteen seminal short selections - all by major figures of the time, such as Abercrombie, Geddes, and the Olmsteds. Soria y Mata's (...) writings on the linear city also appear in translation for the first time. In addition to seminal works on city planning, the set covers themes such as neighbourhood, Utopian and visionary planning; planning for parks; housing; transportation systems, and public health. A wide variety of cities feature including Paris, Vienna, Amsterdam, Berlin, London, Manchester, New York and San Francisco, showing a great diversity of cultural styles. Early Urban Planning 1870-1940 is of continued importance today, as it highlights ideals which remain strikingly relevant in development of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. (shrink)

Many criticisms have been made of optimization theory (Laville, 1999a). These objections may be explained by the fact that human rationality is bounded – that decisions are constrained by cognitive limitations (Simon, 1982). In the present paper, I will show that if rationality is bounded, then we must study the processes of decision. My thesis is that cognitive limitations lead to procedural rationality. Although this assertion has already been sustained implicitly by Simon (1959) and explicitly by Mongin (1986), it has (...) not been argued in sufficient depth. (shrink)

Les concepts scientifiques, même usés, même désuets, ne sont jamais définitivement périmés. Ils peuvent toujours faire retour dans les conjonctures théoriques ultérieures. Cela tient à la nature très particulière du concept, irréductible aux descriptions positivistes : issus de l’expérience et ayant vocation à en rendre raison, les concepts représentent autant d’arrachements à l’expérience et de survols explicatifs de l’expérience. Des épistémologues antipositivistes du xxe siècle ont été attentifs à de telles caractéristiques philosophiques. On expose ici leur modèle de la conceptualisation (...) scientifique et on le met au travail sur un cas, le concept de tendance, dont on montre il survit à la période de sa première formulation et il mérite de revenir dans les débats psychophysiologiques contemporains. (shrink)

Avec des textes de D. Armstrong, M.Esfeld, K. Fine, D. Lewis, H. Mellot, K. Mulligan, M. Rea, P. Unger, P. van Inwagen, D. Zimmerman. L’ontologie est la partie de la métaphysique qui traite de l’être en général, et non d’un être en particulier, et son domaine d’enquête excède même le monde actuel puisqu’elle porte sur l’ensemble du possible, sur les objets possibles et réels ainsi que sur leurs propriétés ou sur leurs structures ultimes. Ce volume fournit les textes fondamentaux pour (...) réfléchir aux principales notions de l’ontologie contemporaine. Y sont abordés les problèmes de la composition matérielle des objets, de la causalité, de la nature du temps et des relations en général. Les questions de méthode portent sur le lien avec la logique et les sciences tout autant que sur le recours aux catégories conceptuelles et aux intuitions. (shrink)

This volume brings together contributions from leading researchers in the field of agent-based modelling and simulation. This approach has grown out of some recent and innovative ideas in the social sciences, computer sciences, life sciences, physics and game theory. It is proving helpful in understanding complexity in many domains. The opportunities it offers to explore the experimental approach to social and human behaviour is proving of theoretical and empirical value across a wide range of fields. With contributions from researchers whose (...) work has served to define this new field such as Nigel Gilbert, Robert Axtell (in economics and social science) and Jacques Ferber (in multi-agent systems), as well as practitioners who are working at the cutting edge of the new domain, this collection of essays has been assembled by two of its leading exponents: Frédéric Amblard and Denis Phan. The research, case studies and theoretical approaches discussed in this book are designed to introduce beginners and experts alike to the current state of play in this new and exciting field of social science. (shrink)

Bioethics, Volume 36, Issue 2, Page 111-112, February 2022.

According to several late medieval logicians, the use the universal quantifier ‘omnis’ creates the requirement that the sentence refers to at least three items—the principle of sufficientia appellatorum. The commitment is such that, when the quota is not fulfilled, one has to import the missing items from the realm of the nonexistent. While the central argument for this principle, whose origin is Aristotle’s De Caelo, stems from the contrast between unrestricted universal quantifiers and binary quantifiers, the discussion is often mixed (...) with another issue, concerning the requirement of a plurality of referents for universals. In this paper, we try to distinguish those different issues and map the reactions of xiii th authors to the principle of sufficientia appellatorum. (shrink)

The tourism industry is a significant driver of the global economy and impacts societies all over the world that are currently experiencing radical change. Responding to these changes requires economic paradigms and educational systems based on new foundations. Humanistic tourism proposes a values-based disciplinary perspective for tourism at the intersection between humanistic and tourism management, and is rooted in human dignity and societal wellbeing. Integrating humanistic management principles into higher education tourism management programs, and changing the nature of what is (...) taught and how, would benefit students, future managers and all stakeholders. This paper aims at improving higher education tourism programs by combining humanistic management education and the Tourism Education Futures Initiative’s values-based tourism education. It draws on an integrated Humanistic Tourism Education framework to help develop future tourism managers’ skills and abilities to adopt alternative leadership models within the sector and to foster critical and responsible tourism thinking and practice. With best-practice examples from three universities in three different countries, this study illustrates new pedagogical approaches and proposes recommendations for implementing humanistic tourism management in higher education with the aim of training ethical and responsible managers equipped with an awareness of the social, cultural, and environmental challenges – and possible solutions to these – in their respective destinations. (shrink)

Georges Bataille is remarkably absent from Gilles Deleuze’s oeuvre, even though early commentators like Michel Foucault, in his ‘Theatrum Philosophicum’, recognised an obvious affinity between the two thinkers. Direct references to Bataille in Deleuze’s published works are few and far between, and most of them are barely more than offhand remarks. In these few comments, Deleuze’s treatment of Bataille seems to oscillate between contempt and admiration. In an astonishing footnote within the Anti-Oedipus, Bataille’s concept of ‘sumptuary, non-productive expenditure’ is equated (...) with Deleuze’s and Guattari’s concept of the ‘production of consumption’. Taking this passing remark seriously would mean finding Bataille at the very heart of Deleuze’s thought. This paper, therefore, seeks to investigate the traces of Bataille in Deleuze’s work, in order to evaluate the footnote in question. I will show that the equivocation of ‘sumptuary, non-productive expenditure’ and ‘production of consumption’ is indeed warranted and that Deleuze’s thought is far closer to Bataille’s than Deleuze ever cared to admit. Bataille emerges as a great precursor to the thought of immanence, difference, and the event. (shrink)

Varietas identitate compensata, la variété compensée par l'identité : cette expression définit le concept d' harmonie que Leibniz forme dès ses premiers travaux philosophiques et qu'il maintient par la suite, avec quelques variations. Cette étude porte sur l'émergence progressive et les déterminations de l' harmonie universelle, la valeur de l' harmonie dans le droit et les sciences, ainsi que la situation de l' harmonie préétablie. Le statut des dissonances pose un problème de cohérence de la doctrine qui oblige à distinguer (...) deux types de beauté. En contrepoint, nous envisageons ainsi quelques aspects de l' « esthétique » leibnizienne, dont nous tentons de montrer qu'elle échappe à l'intellectualisme qu'on lui oppose classiquement. Varietas identitate compensata, diversity compensated by identity: this phrase defines the concept of harmony which Leibniz conceived in his very first philosophical works and upheld afterwards with some variations. This article deals with the progressive emergence and the factors of universal harmony, the value of harmony in law and sciences and the status of preestablished harmony. Then the status of dissonances raises the question of the consistency of Leibniz's doctrine, which leads me to distinguish two types of beauty. I examine some aspects of Leiniz's "aesthetics" and try to show that it eludes the intellectualism it is classicaly opposed to. (shrink)

Cet article explore la question du travestissement et de la représentation du corps dans trois livres de Monique Wittig : Virgile, non, Les Guérillères, Le Corps lesbien. Dans Virgile, non, l’apparence féminine est un accoutrement humiliant, signe de servitude, qui efface le corps de chaque individu au nom du mythe de la femme. Les lesbiennes qui ont fui l’enfer hétérosexuel, comme les héroïnes des Guérillères cherchent une apparence qui donne à voir qu’elles ne sont ni des femmes ni des hommes. (...) Mais cet au-delà des sexes impensable ne peut prendre forme que dans la littérature. Il prend forme notamment dans le texte le plus poétique de Monique Wittig, Le Corps lesbien, qui fait voler en éclat les représentations traditionnelles du corps féminin et lui substitue un corps en mutation constante, polysémique, au-delà de l’unité comme du binaire. (shrink)

This is an important new book about human motivation, about the reasons people have for their actions. What is distinctively new about it is its focus on how people see or understand their situations, options, and prospects. By taking account of people's understandings, Professor Schick is able to expand the current theory of decision and action. The author provides a perspective on the topic by outlining its history. He defends his new theory against criticism, considers its formal structure, and shows (...) at length how it resolves many currently debated problems: the problems of conflict and weakness of will, Allais' problem, Kahneman and Tversky's problems, Newcomb's problem, and others. The book will be of special interest to philosophers, psychologists, and economists. (shrink)

Our intuitive assumption that only organisms are the real individuals in the natural world is at odds with developments in cell biology, ecology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and other fields. Although organisms have served for centuries as nature’s paradigmatic individuals, science suggests that organisms are only one of the many ways in which the natural world could be organized. When living beings work together—as in ant colonies, beehives, and bacteria-metazoan symbiosis—new collective individuals can emerge. In this book, leading scholars consider the (...) biological and philosophical implications of the emergence of these new collective individuals from associations of living beings. The topics they consider range from metaphysical issues to biological research on natural selection, sociobiology, and symbiosis. -/- The contributors investigate individuality and its relationship to evolution and the specific concept of organism; the tension between group evolution and individual adaptation; and the structure of collective individuals and the extent to which they can be defined by the same concept of individuality. These new perspectives on evolved individuality should trigger important revisions to both philosophical and biological conceptions of the individual. -/- Contributors: Frédéric Bouchard, Ellen Clarke, Jennifer Fewell, Andrew Gardner, Peter Godfrey-Smith, Charles J. Goodnight, Matt Haber, Andrew Hamilton, Philippe Huneman, Samir Okasha, Thomas Pradeu, Scott Turner, Minus van Baalen. (shrink)

On commémore largement le centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale en 2014. Il importe d'offrir pour cette occasion une réflexion de fond sur les mutations des réalités militaires, et partant, des modalités de construction de la paix, depuis un siècle et tout particulièrement depuis la fin de la guerre froide. Tel est l'objet de cet ouvrage, issu d'un Séminaire et d'un Colloque qui ont rassemblé à Strasbourg plusieurs des principaux spécialistes de ces questions. Ce livre est l'occasion de croiser les (...) regards et les disciplines : histoire, sciences politiques, études stratégiques, polémologie et irénologie, médiation internationale, droit, philosophie, théologie, éthique... Un véritable dialogue interdisciplinaire s'est ainsi instauré entre les vingt-quatre contributeurs, qui livrent ici le fruit de leurs recherches en cours, dans un domaine qui demeure encore en grande partie en friche. (shrink)

(2005). Between Critique And Metaphysics. Angelaki: Vol. 10, continental philosophy and the sciences the french tradition issue editor: andrew aitken, pp. 39-57.

The idea that deep brain stimulation (DBS) induces changes to personality, identity, agency, authenticity, autonomy and self (PIAAAS) is so deeply entrenched within neuroethics discourses that it has become an unchallenged narrative. In this article, we critically assess evidence about putative effects of DBS on PIAAAS. We conducted a literature review of more than 1535 articles to investigate the prevalence of scientific evidence regarding these potential DBS-induced changes. While we observed an increase in the number of publications in theoretical neuroethics (...) that mention putative DBS-induced changes to patients’ postoperative PIAAAS, we found a critical lack of primary empirical studies corroborating these claims. Our findings strongly suggest that the theoretical neuroethics debate on putative effects of DBS relies on very limited empirical evidence and is, instead, reliant on unsubstantiated speculative assumptions probablyin lieuof robust evidence. As such, this may reflect the likelihood of a speculative neuroethics bubble that may need to be deflated. Nevertheless, despite the low number of first-hand primary studies and large number of marginal and single case reports, potential postoperative DBS changes experienced by patients remain a critical ethical concern. We recommend further empirical research in order to enhance theoretical neuroethics work in the area. In particular, we call for the development of better instruments capable of capturing potential postoperative variations of PIAAAS. (shrink)