La morbidez es el rasgo propio de la postmodernidad. La liberal y vanguardista sociedad postmoderna es una entidad enferma; mental, emocional, física y ambientalmente patológica. Paradójicamente, en la época que más se pondera, reclama, promueve y comercializa la felicidad en cuanto destino humano, los trastornos emocionales del padecer y el sufrimiento se han convertido en el habitus propio de la vida contemporánea; donde el acontecer social se resuelve en la patológica dialéctica de monstruos victimarios y víctimas ofendidas. Parafraseando a Galeano (...) (De la Cruz, 2012), bien es posible sentenciar: »La neutralidad es imposible, somos monstruos o víctimas«. (shrink)

The paper presents a teaching experience implemented in two Sociology of Work courses at two Spanish universities. The teaching practice consists of the leisurely, reflective and critical reading of a classic text of the Sociology of Work, after which the students must prepare a mind map, that is, a graphic representation in which ideas are schematically organized and associated. The analysis of the students’ responses to a questionnaire allows us to affirm that the practice of mind maps is a creative, (...) visual and useful method of synthesizing and memorizing a classic sociological text. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to present a formalization of the language, semantics and axiomatization of justification logic in Coq. We present proofs in a natural deduction style derived from the axiomatic approach of justification logic. Additionally, we present possible world semantics in Coq based on Fitting models to formalize the semantic satisfaction of formulas. As an important result, with this implementation, it is possible to give a proof of soundness for $\mathsf{L}\mathsf{P}$ with respect to Fitting models.

As brands have emerged as key organizational assets and primary capital, branding has become the essence of many businesses. Companies and their brands are evermore expected to behave in a responsible way towards society. This article develops a model that allows companies that are interested in brand building towards social values to identify which kinds of public services are better for them to associate with in order to develop a socially responsible strategy.

Texto presentado en el Congreso Internacional “Recepciones de Ortega y Gasset en Chile” celebrado en el Centro Cultural de España en Santiago durante los días 30 y 31 de mayo de 2018, en Santiago de Chile. Forma parte de la compilación recogida en número especial de la Revista de Filosofía Otrosiglo, en junio del 2023.

BackgroundComorbidity between diabetes mellitus and depression is highly prevalent. The risk of depression in a person with diabetes is approximately twice that of a person without this disease. Depression has a major impact on patient well-being and control of diabetes. However, despite the availability of effective and specific therapeutic interventions for the treatment of depression in people with diabetes, 50% of patients do not receive psychological treatment due to insufficient and difficult accessibility to psychological therapies in health systems. The use (...) of information and communication technologies has therefore been proposed as a useful tool for the delivery of psychological interventions, but it continues to be a field in which scientific evidence is recent and controversial. This systematic review aims to update the available information on the efficacy of psychological interventions delivered through ICTs to improve depressive symptomatology in patients with diabetes.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed following the PRISMA guidelines and using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases to search for randomized clinical trials of eHealth treatments for patients with diabetes and comorbid depression from 1995 through 2020. In addition, studies related to follow-up appointments were identified. Inclusion criteria were as follows: randomized clinical trials ; patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes; adult population over 18 years of age; presence of depressive symptomatology assessed with standardized instruments; treatments for depression based on established psychotherapeutic techniques and principles; delivered through eHealth technologies. We did not limit severity of depressive symptomatology, delivery setting or comparison group. Two coauthors independently reviewed the publications identified for inclusion and extracted data from the included studies. A third reviewer was involved to discuss discrepancies found. The PEDro scale was used to assess the quality of the RCTs. No meta-analysis of the results was performed. The protocol used for this review is available in PROSPERO.ResultsThe initial search identified 427 relevant scientific publications. After removing duplicates and ineligible citations, a total of 201 articles were analyzed in full text. Ten articles met the criteria of this review and were included, obtaining very good scientific quality after evaluation with the PEDro scale. The main results show that the eHealth psychological intervention for depression in patients with diabetes showed beneficial effects both at the end of treatment and in the short and long term for the improvement of depressive symptomatology. The methodology used was very heterogeneous. However, all studies were based on cognitive-behavioral tools and used standardized assessment instruments to evaluate depressive symptomatology or diagnosis of MDD. Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin, but no benefits were found in improving glycemic control. Only four studies included psychoeducational content on diabetes and depression, but none used tools to improve or enhance adherence to medical prescriptions or diabetes self-care.ConclusionsICT-based psychological interventions for the treatment of depression in people with diabetes appear to be effective in reducing depressive symptomatology but do not appear to provide significant results with regard to glycemic control. Nonetheless, the scientific evidence reported to date is still very limited and the methodology very diverse. In addition, no studies have implemented these systems in routine clinical practice, and no studies are available on the economic analysis of these interventions. Future research should focus on studying and including new tools to ensure improvements in diabetes outcomes and not only on psychological well-being in order to advance knowledge about these treatments. Economic evaluations should also be undertaken to analyze whether these treatment programs implemented using eHealth technologies are cost-effective. (shrink)

Este trabajo intenta analizar la concepción, naturaleza jurídica y garantía de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales, en América Latina, así como las condiciones y medidas que pueden contribuir a su efectividad. Presenta tambien una propuesta de indicadores que pueden utilizarse en la supervision de la efectividad de esos derechos y de la proteccion que ellos han alcanzado, proporcionando información sobre la situactón latinoamericana y caribeña actual.

Este trabajo intenta analizar la concepción, naturaleza jurídica y garantía de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales, en América Latina, así como las condiciones y medidas que pueden contribuir a su efectividad. Presenta también una propuesta de indicadores que pueden utilizarse en la supervisión de la efectividad de esos derechos y de la protección que ellos han alcanzado, proporcionando información sobre la situación latinoamericana y caribeña actual.

An e-mail interview made by Francisco Guzmán. April 2010.

El ensayo rememora las raíces fenomenológicas que comparten las obras Filosofía para hacer las paces de Vicent Martínez Guzmán, La paz imperfecta de Francisco Muñoz y la filosofía de las paces transracionales en la que se enfoca la escuela de Estudios de Paz de la Universidad de Innsbruck. Sobre esta base me refiero después a la aplicación pedagógica y didáctica de dichas raíces en la educación académica para la paz. Este trabajo hace referencia a las experiencias metodológicas del (...) aprendizaje académico en grupos, y sus consecuencias para el desarrollo del currículo de los Estudios de Paz, entendiendo estos como una formación en la construcción estratégica de capacidades y relaciones. Finalmente resalto las etapas del aprendizaje, en el sentido de ‘pelar la cebolla del Ego’ y de proveer el marco para el desarrollo libre de los grupos y los temas.This essay retraces the shared phenomenological root of Vicent Martínez Guzmán’s Filosofía para Hacer las Paces, Francisco Muñoz La Paz Imperfecta and the Innsbruck School’s Transracional Peace Philosophy. From there it forges ahead to the pedagogical and didactical application of these roots in academic peace education. It refers to the methodological experiences of academic learning in T-groups and its consequence for curricula development if Peace Studies is understood as Strategic Capacity and Rela-tionship Training. Finally, it highlights the stages of learning in the sense of `Peeling the Ego’s Onion´ and providing the frame for the team’s and the theme’s free development. (shrink)

Entre los documentos del exjesuita peruano Juan Pablo Viscardo y Guzmán que el venezolano Francisco Miranda recibió del plenipotenciario norteamericano en Inglaterra, Rufus King, se encontraba la "Carta dirigida a los españoles americanos". Este pieza documental, considerada "la primera proclama de la independencia" hispanoamericana, había sido escrita originalmente en francés hacia 1792 como testimonio de protesta de la situación de vejación y sometimiento que tenía España a sus colonias americanas, para ser presentada ante las autoridades inglesas. El entusiasmo (...) que despertó la "Carta" del fallecido jesuita en el temible e infatigable conspirador Miranda, fue inequívoca, al punto que no sólo se dispuso a traducirla y publicarla (Londres, 1801), sino la presentó, en su frustrada expedición de Coro en agosto de 1806, como portaestandarte de la cruzada libertadora. [Fragmento]. (shrink)

There is an essentialist view that requires one to specify the set of necessary and sufficient properties of the things that exist when establishing definitions. The endorsement of essentialism for definitions in economics has been largely motivated by the Taxonomic Tower of Babel (TTB), which encompasses two intellectual fears. The fear of scientific aphasia is the fear that scientific progress is hampered because economists do not agree on the definitions they use. The fear of nihilism refers to the fear of (...) the advent of an unmanageable proliferation of definitions of the same term. We advocate the abandonment of essentialism by offering three arguments. First, essentialism seems impracticable in economics because essences are either mostly unavailable or useless. Second, the TTB, rather than a bug, is a feature of economics. Third, the TTB does not necessarily display the negative implications presumably associated with its existence. (shrink)

The standard strategy involves evaluating whether economic classifications meet criteria derived from a general theory of natural kinds. The first objective of this article is to show the implementation of this strategy by various relevant authors. We argue that the standard strategy has failed due to its lack of a greater sensitivity to the role played by human interests in the design of different types of natural kinds. The second objective is to outline a new strategy for investigating economic classifications. (...) Our departure from the standard strategy can be described as a shift from assessing economic classifications based on general theories of natural kinds to examining specific cases with the aim of theorizing about their design and application. The cases of the cost-of-living index and race are used to succinctly discuss the objectivity of economic classifications and implications for the relationship between science and democracy. (shrink)

A reality-design gap in the conceptualization and practice of digital agriculture has been systematically reported in the literature. This condition is favored by the lack of understanding and inclusion of local worldviews around digital technologies. Informed by Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach, this study looks to bring stories of local appropriation to the spotlight. Based on a qualitative approach that included data collected through interviews with 73 households, the authors explored the way in which two selected communities of Colombian coffee growers (...) are engaged in the use of digital technologies in material and symbolic ways. Three emergent themes—a relational way of farming, (dis)connected machines, and nurtured families and communities – articulate multiple interactions between farmers, farms, institutional programs, and technologies, that originate local forms of digitalization (and non-digitalization). This study points out the relevant role of situated ideas of development in positioning technologies in or out of the farm, and broader digitalization agendas in or out of farmers’ life projects. At the same time, it presents a critique of notions of universality that drive unquestioned quests for technification. In contrast, building on a relational perspective, this study calls for embracing a perspective of multiplicity within notions of development and innovation. (shrink)

También una filosofía de la Historia (1774) representa un hito central, no sólo en el desarrollo del pensamiento de J.G. Herder, sino también en la génesis del historicismo en cuanto Weltanschauung. La visión herderiana de la Historia combina ingredientes extraídos de la ¿teología de la Historia¿ cristiana con otros procedentes de las doctrinas ¿cíclicas¿ de la Antigüedad. Junto a tales elementos heredados, se abre paso un acento relativista estrictamente novedoso: cada cultura, cada pueblo, representa una esfera autocentrada, que sólo puede (...) ser juzgada ¿desde dentro¿, desde sus propios valores. Todas las épocas han sido imprescindibles, y carece de sentido establecer jerarquías o comparaciones entre ellas. (shrink)

In line with the book On the Essence by Xavier Zubiri, this paper examines his metaphysical approach to the essence. The project explaines what is meant by the essence being unfounded, founding the rest of the notes, needing the non-essential or being closed. This reflection is carried out from two perspectives: the first considers the essence in itself and the second considers the relation of the essence with the rest of the notes. The analysis reaches its height with the characterization (...) of the essential unity and the description of its function in the construct state. On the one hand, this project proves that the theory of substantivity must be crowned and sustained by the essential unity; on the other hand, it shows that the characterization of the essential subsystem and the constitutional system are not contradictory if we keep in mind the criteria used to assert their closure. (shrink)

Teaching through discussion is perhaps the most fundamental pedagogical technique of philosophy. When done well, discussion can promote long-term, durable learning. It supports an active-learning classroom, sparks higher-order cognition, and helps students construct their own understanding of the material. Yet it is often not done well: it is easily dominated by a few students; it can waste time on tangents and minutiae; it can fail to motivate students to prepare adequately; and it is not easily scalable. In this paper we (...) present a technique, the random discussion leader (RDL), which addresses all of these shortcomings of traditional discussion. Qualitative and quantitative evidence from our quasi-experimental study (n = 279) suggests that RDL leads to better preparation, better engagement with the material, more equitable participation, and higher quality discussions. Additionally, we provide a toolkit for instructors interested in trying RDL, showing how the technique can be adapted to various course settings and materials. (shrink)

The neurodiversity movement has so far been dominated by autistic people who believe their condition is not a disease to be treated and, if possible, cured, but rather a human specificity (like sex or race) that must be equally respected. Very few studies have been conducted to examine the significance of the neurosciences and the cerebralization of autistic culture for promoting these ideas. The article explores the role of the brain and the neurosciences in projects of identity formation as illustrated (...) in the case of the emergence of the neurodiversity movement. The movement is driven by so called high functioning autistic individuals, who argue that autism is not a disease, but a form of human difference. The article examines the development of autistic individuals and autistic socialities as well as social and community networks. It also addresses the emergence of autistic cultures and various issues concerning autistic identities. It shows that the formation of identities is associated with the cerebralization of the condition. Facts about the brain are mobilized to depict autism positively. The move toward neurosciences has to be understood in a wider social context in which a brain-based vocabulary disseminates outside the lab and penetrates different domains of contemporary societies. This vocabulary is taken up by individuals and groups to speak about themselves and their relation with others as well as in their identity claims and fights for rights. (shrink)

En el artículo se estudia la relación entre estos dos términos en algunos diálogos de Platón. Se indica cómo ambos suponen un temple de ánimo, el cual, siendo diferente, no es siempre excluyente. La actitud de juego fue vinculada, en algunos casos, a una disposición no deseable para la indagación filosófica; la actitud seria fue reconocida como reguladora de esa misma actividad. Sin embargo la dialéctica es presentada en diversas ocasiones como un "juego difícil". Evidentemente Platón reconocía una dimensión lúdica (...) en el lenguaje, muy visible en la escritura, sin la cual era imposible el esfuerzo para acercarnos a la cosa, pero al mismo tiempo planteó su limitación por medio de la disposición seria propia de la Filosofía. (shrink)

Este artigo trata da eventual volta,em Foucault, do sujeito.Vários argumentos são fornecidos para mostrar que tal volta não existe.

Alison L. Spedding es la antropóloga y novelista que fue arrestada en marzo de 1998 por las autoridades bolivianas bajo el cargo de tráfico de drogas, que ella niega fuertemente. Al momento de ser impreso este número, se había eliminado el cargo de tráfico por falta de evidencia, pero se estaba ..

O artigo volta-se a uma atualização da questão das relações entre o gênero faroeste e o mito antigo, recolocando-a diante do assim chamado metawestern e das retomadas irônicas à lá Tarantino. Os referenciais teóricos revisitam as teses clássicas de Mircea Eliade sobre a persistência do sagrado mitológico nas culturas modernas e detêm-se nas reflexões igualmente clássicas de André Bazin sobre a índole mitológica do western, enfatizando a tese elegante do autor segundo a qual essa índole se preserva nas muitas transformações (...) do gênero, quando ele se estetiza e passa a se envergonhar de si. (shrink)

Currently, students in basic secondary school in Colombia have a low performance in reading comprehension at the inferential level. This pedagogical proposal aimed to strengthen the level of inferential reading of students who attend elementary school, through the application of a didactic sequence from the cognitive-discursive perspective. Theoretically, the concepts proposed by Cisneros, Olave and Rojas regarding four types of inferences were assumed. Likewise, the theoretical orientations of Van Dijk (1978), Solé (1992) and Martínez (2002) were taken into account to (...) support the cognitive-discursive perspective adopted in the study. Methodologically, the qualitative approach was used with the action research method, and techniques such as observation, questionnaire, field diary and didactic sequence were used. In relation to the results, it is evident that the participants in the closing questionnaire increased significantly compared to the four types of inference evaluated, thus demonstrating greater interpretation when facing the texts. (shrink)

A world without individual entities? An advice to not to extract immediate ontological consequences from quantum theory. Should we assume a world without individual entities? I pledge not to extract immediate ontological consequences from quantum theory. My intention is to focus on the complexity of ontological concepts commonly associated with quantum theory. Using as an example the compatibility of EPR correlations with the existence of individual entities, it is shown that an absolute rejection of an ontological category, based on some (...) aspects of the formalism of quantum theory, does not seem reasonable. A consequence of this argument is that the common sense view – the world is composed of individual entities – can be maintained, despite of the particularities of quantum mechanics. (shrink)