Özet Hz. Peygamber’in her hâlini bizzat müşahede edecek kadar yakın ve Kur’ân’ın ilk muhatapları olan sahabe neslinin örnek hayatı ve ilmi kişilikleri hakkında çalışmak, bilgi edinmek, Kur’ân’ı ve Rasûlullah’ı doğru anlamanın temel yöntemini teşkil eder. Abdullah ibn Mes’ûd, ilmi yönden zengin birikime sahip ve yaşantısı bakımından farklı bir kişiliği vardır. Müslüman olduktan sonra Rasulullah’ın yanından hiç ayrılmayan, her türlü hizmetinde bulunan, öyleki ehl-i beytten fark edilmeyecek kadar O’na yakın olan İbn Mesʿud, aynı zamanda hemen hemen bütün savaşlarda Rasulullah’ın yanında bulunmaktan (...) geri durmayan diğer taraftan Resulullh’tan sonra da Kur’ân ve İslâm’a hizmet eden ve müslümanları eğiten bir muallimdir. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’e ve Arapçaya olan vukûfiyeti, başta kıraat olmak üzere tefsir, hadis ve fıkıh ilmine dâir derin bilgisiyle öne çıkmış ve isim yapmış olan Abdullah ibn Mes’ûd Rasulullah’ın övgüsüne mazhar olmuş ashabın büyüklerindendir. Abdullah ibn Mes’ûd’un Kur’ân’ın nüzûlünün neredeyse tamamına şahit olması ve Peygamber’in yakınında bulunması, Kur’ân ve Kıraat ilimler açısından çok önemlidir. Abdullah İbn Mesʿud’un kıraatı iki gruptan oluşmaktadır. Birincisi hemen birçok kıraat-ı aşere imamının senetlerinde yer alan ve üzerinde ittifak edilen sahih kıraatler, ikincisi de müfessirlerin tefsirlerinde ele aldıkları ve tefsir kabilinden izahatları, dil bakımından istişhadda bulundukları, ihticac için kullandığı veya sadece müteradif olarak ele aldığı ifadeleridir. Bu çalışmada kıraatini bizzat Hz. Peygamber’den alan İbn Mes’ûd’un kıraat ilmini elde ettiği yol ve alanları irdelenmiştir. Özellikle onun Hz. Peygamber’den Kur’ân tâʿlimi, Allah Rasûlu ve Cebrail’in katılımıyla gerçekleşen Kur’ân’ın arzına katıldığını söylemesi, genelde İslâmî ilimlere özelde Kıraat’a yaptığı katkı, cem, istinsah ve Mushaflar konusundaki tutumu, ashâbın onun kıraati hakkındaki sözleri ve görüşleri gibi konuları incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak birçok ilim dalında söz sahibi olduğu gibi Kıraat ilminde de imam olan büyük sahabi Abdullah ibn Mesʿdun kıratinin mahiyeti hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. (shrink)

Abstrack In this study, the subject of preference, its conceptual field and its historical process, as well as the methods of determining and choosing different readings of mutawatir recitation imâms are discussed. The different phrasing of the Qur'an began from the revelation period of the revelation. It is seen that there were some discussions about the different readings of the Qur'an among the Companions in the early period, albeit a little. These different recitations of some of the Companions, who see (...) their own reading better or who are not aware of their friends' readings, are the Prophet's. The fact that they took them to the Prophet indicates this. As a matter of fact, Allah's command to "read whatever is easy from the Qur'an" (Muzzammil, 73/20) and the hadith of the Messenger of Allah "read whatever is easy from it", together with the different reading license, also implicate his preference. Arab tribes who used different dialects from the Quraysh dialect during the Medina period and those who converted to Islam from other non-Arab nations faced some difficulties in pronouncing and understanding the Qur'an, which was revealed in the Quraysh dialect. Wanting to solve this serious problem, Hz. Prophet was given the permission to read with seven letters, the differences in recitation began to be seen. The concepts of preference and elder refer to the practices of the imams of recitation in the process of creating their own recitations together with their proofs, which they chose from among the recitations of their predecessors. In the science of hujjat, the most used concepts, along with other concepts, are the concepts of old age, preference and need. Ihticaj is a concept that expresses choosing one among different recitations by citing evidences and proofs. As a matter of fact, when the works of the recitation scholars on this subject are examined, it is seen that the imâms made their choices by citing evidence from the Qur'an, Sunnah, Mushafs and language rules regarding the differences in recitation. In the science of recitation, some other concepts such as ulema, especially proof, and illet and evidence were also used. Whether it is the Qurra that stands out in the field of natural recitation, or the imams of mutawatir recitation, they have formed their preferences by bringing evidence from verses, sunnah, mushaf, saned and language in line with the criteria of sound recitation. (shrink)

This article is based on the question “How does the current governing party in Turkey, namely Justice and Development Party, reproduce its social power?” In order to answer this question, it is suggested that a combination of the different techniques of governmentality of the ruling party should be analyzed, with particular reference to the policies and institutions reconfiguring the role of the state and the notion of public deliberation in the midst of the rising discontents of neoliberalism in Turkey. As (...) an instance of such a technique of neoliberal governmentality in populist content, the formation of the communication centers by the AKP in Turkey will be investigated. For this purpose, firstly, the rise of the populism will be related to the increasing need for channels of political participation and a solution to public demands in the midst of rising authoritarian tendencies, in order to solve the political legitimacy crisis as well as creating new forms of represen... (shrink)

One of the basic issues of modern times is how to construct a nonviolent and peaceful society and achieve the goal of a one-world community that lives in peace and harmony. Islam and Mahatma Gandhi’s approaches, in this regard, are remarkable. Both share same aims about common ethical concepts such as nonviolent, compassion for all creation, freedom,justice, patience and tolerance. There are remarkable similarities between the ideas of Gandhi and teachings of Islam, particularly in the concepts of peace and nonviolence (...) are concerned. This article, thus, mentions about the concepts of peace and nonviolence (ahimsa) as propounded by them. It handles attributes of ahimsa and satyagraha such as “loving sinners and even your enemy”, “having no intention to harm others”, “rest on God”, “consistency of word and action”, which are held forth by Gandhi. Furthermore, this article deals with similarities of Gandhi’s teachings with “ehsan” (benevolence), “tavakol (trust in God), “al-niyyat” (intent) and “an-nasrha”(sincerity) in Islamic thought. (shrink)

The modern republican history of Turkey and its relation with the question of ethnic diversity could be understood via the tension between the processes of system integration and social integration. This article, based on Jürgen Habermas’ conceptual framework, draws the sources of such tension with reference to the Kurdish identity in Turkey since the early republican era. For this purpose, from the 1920s to the 2000s, policies and discourses of system integration aiming at a certain degree of ethnic homogenization to (...) eliminate ‘possible threats’ to territorial integrity and national unity are discussed in detail. While system integration processes reflect an exclusionary and assimilative-securitist logic of state practices regarding the Kurdish question, this article argues that the Kurdish challenge to republicanism and to its system integration logic promises more for the dynamics of social integration. Especially since the 1990s, while processes of system integration are still in force; national, regional and diasporic achievements of Kurdish politics and its call for a democratic transformation of the republic based on decentralist, participatory and multiculturalist values have become much more visible. This new focus on democratic transformation demands more for social integration through internalization of roles as well as through promotion of an active communication between citizens by raising the claims of active participation to social and political spheres as well as by making identity visible in different aspects of socio-cultural life. Degree of social integration and its success vis-à-vis system integration will be decisive in the democratic transformation of Turkey in the future. (shrink)

Hilmi Omar Budda (1894-1952) has played a significant role in the process of institutionalization of History of Religions in Turkey. He, who was the first academician in the field of History of Religions in Turkey, lectured for many years in Dâru’l-Funûn (Ottoman University) Faculty of Divinity, which was found in 1924. Then he worked in department of Institute of Islamic Sciences, which was a branch of Istanbul University Faculty of Arts, by pursuing his same position and career. After that, Budda (...) lectured in Ankara University Faculty of Divinity, which was found in 1949, as the first academic person of the department of History of Religions. Budda, who wrote many scientific studies and trained a large number of students during his academic life roughly thirty years, filled a gap in the field of History of Religions in the early years of republic period. Even though there are some scientific problems in his writings and views on issues, this article deals with Budda’s contributions to the History of Religions and his role in the formation of such a discipline in Turkey. This study, besides, mentions about Budda’s academic sides by analyzing his scientific writings composed of books, articles and columns. (shrink)

When we look at a single example in the comparison of the West and the East, the ban on minarets in Switzerland or the absence of any churches in Saudi Arabia leads to incorrect conclusions. Such ideological selectivity hinders the model of coexistence. In this research study, we mentioned the possibilities, needs and minimum requirements of a coexistence model beyond the Ummah. We perform firstly (1) the description or diagnosis of the given situation, namely the determination of the problem: the (...) political or historical, theological and cultural sources, and origin of the problem; (2) the expansion of the given situation to the paradigm from the history, the spirit of the times, theological sources and principles; and (3) solution: updating the theological, political and cultural displacements and applying them in the current context. Contribution: This is the thesis of this paper: humans have enough theological, political, cultural and educational possibilities for a new global Convivencia for being able to realise ‘together and common living’. Humans have the theological, political and cultural opportunities to realise a new global Convivencia ‘living together even if not in unison’ for the future. (shrink)

İslami finans, klasik iktisadi düzenin temel taşı sayılabilecek faizi finansal sistemin dışında bırakarak adil, kapsayıcı ve sömürüden uzak alternatif bir finansal sistem olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Sistemin temelinde faizsizlik ve işlemlerin İslam hukukuna uygun şekilde gerçekleştirilmesi yatmaktadır. İslami finans bugün dünya çapında bir finansal büyüklüğe ulaşmış olup bu finansal yapının en büyük birimini de katılım bankaları oluşturmaktadır. Ancak tüm ayrışma çabalarına rağmen katılım bankaları, hem konvansiyonel bankalarla aynı hukuki çerçevede hareket etme zorunluluğu hem de aynı piyasada rekabet etme durumu nedeniyle zaman (...) zaman benzeşmeye çokça yaklaşmaktadır. Bu benzeşme noktalarından biri de katılım bankalarının kullandırdıkları kredilerin geri ödeme sorunları ile karşılaştığı alanlarda gerçekleşmektedir. Bugün katılım bankaları sorunlu kredilerinin çözümü noktasında konvansiyonel bankalara çok benzeyen aksiyonlar almaktadır ki bunlardan biri de sorunlu kredi dosyalarının varlık yönetim şirketlerine satılmasıdır. Bu durum sistemin “İslami” oluşunu tehdit etmektedir. Bu çalışmada ülkemizdeki katılım bankalarında sorunlu krediler ve katılım bankalarının varlık yönetim şirketleri ile ilişkileri incelenmiş olup İslami finansın ana akım finansal sistem olarak kullanıldığı bazı ülkeler ile çeşitli sosyoekonomik kıstaslar açısından ülkemizle benzeşen bazı ülkelerde sorunlu kredilerin nasıl çözümlendiği incelenerek ülkemizdeki uygulamalara yönelik öneriler sunmak amaçlanmıştır. (shrink)

The importance of “brand dilution” is changing with the rise in internet-mediated consumer power and increasing consumer involvement in the brand identity and message creation processes. In light of recent legal rulings, this study re-conceptualizes brand dilution as a matter of counter-posed brand meanings and associations in digital markets. Anti-branding dilution cases from both a blurring and a tarnishment dilution basis are examined through consumer interviews. The results show that consumer anti-branding has less potential for brand dilution, and more potential (...) for brand identity collusion. By addressing both legal and marketing views of the meaning systems associated with the dilution versus collusion perspectives, this study provides an approach for understanding anti-branding dilution discussions and a way to develop better functioning branding exchange systems for digital markets. Consequently, possible changes in future branding ownership issues for digital markets are envisioned. (shrink)

Divine revelation, as a Qur'anic and religious concept in exegetical sources, is usually mentioned together with the institution of Prophethood. Revelation came to its end with the end of Prophethood. Therefore, although some have evaluated inspiration and true dream within the this context of revelation, according to most of Islamic scholars, it is not permissible to refer to the recevings of the divinely saints as revelation. Revelation, for which the holy Qur'an designates three pattern of descension, is discussed also in (...) three categories throughout the history of Islamic intellectual thought. Scholars of tafsir and theologians, philosophers, and mystics, all hold and bolster different views on the nature of revelation. Claims in Sufi literature that inspiration can descend to divinely saints -beyond immediate delivery to the heart- through direct or indirect divine communication from behind a veil and through angles can be evaluated as an effort to create a conception of revelation that corresponds to the three modes of revelation, adressed in Qur’an, peculiar to prophets. With regard to the issue of continuity of divine revelation, a thorough examination of the Sufi literature leads to the conclusion that revelation continues to decsend in its verbal form as inspiration but also, according to some Sufi authorities, in its noun forms unaniously considered as peculiar to the prophets. Therefore, especially since the period of Sufism’s intermingling with philosophy, the issues of accommdating sainthood within the framework of general prophethood, the distinction between revelation and inspiration and its continuity appear as a very complex, unframed and unlimited field. This can be observed in the instances addressed in this study. (shrink)

This essay is a think piece that takes a labor and capital perspective on science to discuss two chief concepts: credit and exploitation. Credit, as the symbolic currency of science, has been central to how we understand the moral workings of science in the twentieth century. But our lived experience of changes in the political economy of science also alerts us to the notion that credit may not be applicable to a robust analysis of science in the past and in (...) the present. Scientific exploitation, the evidence of which usually prompts an effort to redistribute credit, may offer only a partial picture of the labor structure of science. Self-exploitation, an implicit understanding of how scientists may approach their work, has never been fully articulated but is nevertheless a useful descriptive notion. (shrink)

I. Dünya Savaşı’nın başlaması üzerine İngiltere, ülkesinde bulunan Müttefik Devletler’in vatandaşlarını tutuklamaya başlamış, ardından da bunları sivil esir olarak çeşitli yerlere sevk etmişti. Tutukluların sayısı artınca modern dünyanın ilk ve en büyük sivil esir kampı olan Knockaloe oluşturulmuştu. Söz konusu kampta tutuklu bulunan kişilerden biri de Londra Sefareti Eski Kâtibi Reşid Sadi Bey idi. Londra’daki İsveç Elçisi Herman Wrangel, aldıkları dilekçelerde esirlerin kötü muameleye maruz kaldığını ve ekonomik da olarak her geçen gün biraz daha zorlandıklarını Osmanlı hükümetine bildirmişti. Bunun üzerine (...) Osmanlı Hariciye Nezareti, İsveç Sefareti vasıtasıyla vatandaşlarının sorunlarıyla ilgilenirken mütekabiliyet ilkesini uygulamaktan geri durmamıştır. Bu çalışmadaki amaç: uluslararası literatürdeki “sivil esir” kavramının İngiltere tarafından başlatıldığını vurgulayıp bu bağlamda Reşid Sadi Bey’in esaret öyküsünü değerlendirmektir. Ayrıca siyasi tarih perspektifinden Knockaloe’daki sivil Osmanlı esirlerini ve Londra Sefareti Eski Kâtibi Reşid Sadi Bey’in serbest bırakılması için yürütülen diplomasi faaliyetlerine yer vermektir. (shrink)

Divine revelation (waḥy), as a Qur'anic and religious concept in exegetical sources, isusually mentioned together with the institution of Prophethood (nubuwwa). Revelation came to itsend with the end of Prophethood. Therefore, although some have evaluated inspiration (ilhām) andtrue dream (ruʾyā sādiqa) within the this context of revelation, according to most of Islamic scholars,it is not permissible to refer to the recevings of the divinely saints as revelation. Revelation, for whichthe holy Qur'an designates three pattern of descension, is discussed also in (...) three categoriesthroughout the history of Islamic intellectual thought. Scholars of tafsir and theologians,philosophers, and mystics, all hold and bolster different views on the nature of revelation. Claims inSufi literature that inspiration can descend to divinely saints -beyond immediate delivery to theheart- through direct or indirect divine communication from behind a veil and through angles can beevaluated as an effort to create a conception of revelation that corresponds to the three modes ofrevelation, adressed in Qur’an, peculiar to prophets. With regard to the issue of continuity of divine revelation, a thorough examination of the Sufiliterature leads to the conclusion that revelation continues to decsend in its verbal form asinspiration but also, according to some Sufi authorities, in its noun forms unaniously considered aspeculiar to the prophets. Therefore, especially since the period of Sufism’s intermingling withphilosophy, the issues of accommdating sainthood (walāya) within the framework of generalprophethood (nubuwwa ʿāmme), the distinction between revelation and inspiration and itscontinuity appear as a very complex, unframed and unlimited field. This can be observed in theinstances addressed in this study. (shrink)

“Jesus” constitutes the main element of Christian life. Therefore, Christianity is perceived as a Jesus-centered religion. This perception, from the birth of Jesus to his resurrection, clearly reveals itself both in the Christian faith, Christian worship and Iconography. Because, according to Christians, the birth of Jesus is the beginning of the salvation of mankind. The birth of Jesus, which contains a process, was celebrated as a Christmas Festival in Christianity. Christmas is a combination of the words “Noiono, Noio, Neos” and (...) the concepts “hed, hel, Helios”. These words mean “first day, new day of the month” or “new sun”. Today, Christmas has an important place in Christian life as folkloric. In this component, Santa Claus, pine tree and turkey have an important role. The birth of Jesus was reflected in iconography. The birth scene of Jesus was included in the iconography, and it was one of the icons of the twelve yortou (dodekaorthon). In this context, icons are important (especially for Orthodox Christians). The concept of icon comes from the Greek words “eikon, eikein”. In the iconography the birth of Jesus have the birth of Mary, the visit of Elizabeth, the dream of Joseph and the angel to Joseph, the census, the birth of Jesus, the good news of the shepherds and the worship of Kings. The concepts related to icons within these stages were analyzed. In this article, the importance of birth of Jesus in Christian life and iconography is revealed. Then, the birth of Jesus as a holiday has been discussed. And this birth was interpreted in iconographic terms. (shrink)

Philosophy courses are compulsory in all high schools and vocational schools in Turkey. These courses give students a vision by showing how problems have developed historically and been discussed systematically. Since 2006, a new course, called “Education of Thinking” has been introduced as an elective course for 6th, 7th and 8th grade students. This course provides more opportunities for philosophical development in children’s activities. The aim of this course is to enable students to be “ a subject” and “ a (...) critical thinker” by doing philosophy and practising thinking skills.Education in philosophy is in fact the education of thinking. As indicated by Lipman, for the improvement of thinking in the schools, the most important dimensions of thinking to be cultivated are the critical, the creative, and the caring. Success in this education can be ensured by educating children in philosophy. In this paper, I will examine and share the benefits of doing philosophy in the classroom in Turkey. (shrink)

Bu makalede Necmeddin Kâtibî ile Nasreddin Tûsî arasında teselsülün imkânı/imkânsızlığı konusunda gerçekleşen yazılı bir münâzara analiz edilmiştir. Bu münâzarada, klasik dönemde teselsülün imkânsızlığına dair İslam düşünürleri tarafından öne sürülen en meşhur delillerden üçü ele alınmıştır. Bu deliller klasik İslam düşüncesinde burhân-ı arşî, burhân-ı tatbîk ve burhân-ı tezâyüf adıyla bilinen delillerdir. Kâtibî, bu delillere karşı itirazlarını ortaya koymak için hocası Tûsî’ye bir mektup yazmış, bu mektubunda öncelikle teselsülün imkânsızlığına dair öne sürülen bu delilleri takrir etmiş, daha sonra bu delillere karşı itirazlarını (...) sıralamıştır. Bunun üzerine Tûsî, Kâtibî’nin bu itirazlarına oldukça doyurucu ve ikna edici cevaplar vermiştir. Hocasının açıklamaları neticesinde ikna olan Kâtibî, münâzara sonucunda teselsülün imkansızlığına dair klasik dönemde ortaya koyulan bu delillerin geçerliliğini Tûsî’nin açıklamaları bağlamında kabul etmiş ve son bir itiraf mektubu yazarak bu kabulünü dile getirmiştir. Tûsî’nin bu itirafa cevap olarak teşekkür ve takdir sadedinde yazdığı son mektupla münâzara sona ermiştir. (shrink)

The Twenty-first Century will be the age of information, a century only those societies that reach to and produce information can achieve success. The individuals of this century must have along with the basic skill, the new and significant qualifications of problemsolving, learning how to think, creative thinking, decision-making, research and assume responsibility of one’s knowledge as active subjects. Therefore we have to teach our students how to think. Education of thinking is the education of philosophy. One has to be (...) taught in philosophy in order to learn thinking. Only an adequate philosophy education can create individuals with above qualifications. Such an education has to be supported by both the curricular and extra-curricular activities. This article will review these two dimensions of the philosophy education in particular on Turkey example and assert the contribution thereof on the philosophy education. (shrink)

Bu araştırmanın amacı İlahiyat Fakültesi öğrencilerinin epistemolojik inançları ve akademik erteleme durumlarını incelemektir. Araştırmada İlahiyat Fakültesi öğrencilerinin epistemolojik inançları ve akademik erteleme durumları cinsiyet, sınıf, mezun olunan ortaöğretim kurumu ve öğretim durumu değişkenleri açısından incelenmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların epistemolojik inançları ile akademik erteleme durumları arasındaki ilişki de irdelenmiştir. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli benimsenmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında Deryakulu ve Büyüköztürk tarafından Türk kültürüne uyarlanan ‘Epistemolojik İnanç Ölçeği’ ile Çakıcı tarafından geliştirilen ‘Akademik Erteleme Ölçeği’ kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini Türkiye’de farklı İlahiyat Fakültelerine devam eden öğrenciler (...) arasından kolay erişilebilir örneklem tekniğiyle seçilen 357 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 27 programı kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların ölçeklerden aldıkları puan ortalamalarını karşılaştırmak üzere ikili gruplarda Bağımsız Örneklemler t Testi, ikiden çok grupta Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi testi kullanılmıştır. Çoklu gruplarda farklılaşmaların kaynağını tespit etmek amacıyla post hoc testlerinden LSD kullanılmıştır. Ölçek puanları arasındaki ilişkilere Pearson Korelasyon Analizi ile bakılmıştır. Tüm analizlerde.05 anlamlılık düzeyi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların Epistemolojik İnanç Ölçeği’nde en yüksek ortalamayı “Tek Bir Doğrunun Var Olduğuna İnanç” alt boyutunda, en düşük ortalamayı “Öğrenmenin Çabaya Bağlı Olduğuna İnanç” alt boyutunda elde ettikleri görülmüştür. Ölçekler ile ölçek alt boyut puanlarında cinsiyet, sınıf, mezun olunan ortaöğretim kurumu ve öğretim durumu değişkenleri açısından anlamlı bir farklılaşma gözlenmemiştir. Araştırmada, epistemolojik inanç alt boyutları ile akademik erteleme olgusu arasında negatif yönde, zayıf fakat anlamlı ilişkiler bulgulanmıştır. Bu sonuç, epistemolojik inançlarda güçlenme arttıkça akademik erteleme eğiliminin azalabildiği şeklinde yorumlanmıştır. Eğitim sürecinde, öğrencilerin öğrenmeye dönük kişisel ilgi ve çabaları geliştirilirse akademik erteleme eğilimleri azalabilir. (shrink)

As a result of its failure to embrace the increasingly visible social and political diversity in the country, Kemalism, the founding ideology of modern Turkey, is currently facing its severest legitimacy crisis. Through interviews with representatives of leading voluntary Kemalist associations, this article inquires whether there are attempts to reinterpret the doctrine in order to offer an alternative, credible vision in harmony with the existing social, political and economic realities of Turkey.