What exactly is going on via fornical connections? Aggleton & Brown's target article correctly stresses their importance, but a detailed understanding of their role in memory appears to require fresh research approaches.

Background Dignity is a central human value supported by nurses’ professional ethics. In previous studies, nurses in clinical practice have experienced that dignity increased their work well-being and pride of work. Dignity is also strictly interweaved to professional identity in the different nursing’ roles, but little is known about dignity among public health nurses and primary care settings. Purpose This study aimed to describe the perceptions of nursing's professional dignity of public health nurses in primary care in Finland. Research design (...) An inductive qualitative descriptive approach with semi-structured focus group interviews was utilised. Participants and research context Twenty-seven Finnish public health nurses were interviewed via eight semi-structured focus group interviews in primary health care settings. Ethical considerations Before data collection, research permissions were obtained from participating health care centres. This type of research in Finland, with competent adult participants, does not require ethical pre-assessment but written and oral informed consent obtained before the interviews. Findings Based on our findings, public health nurses perceived that professional dignity was (1) part of their self-respect, an observed daily value based on their acknowledged competence. Besides, they perceived that (2) service users’ trust in public health nurses was a strong expression of professional dignity, and it could be uncovered when recipients of care utilised their services. In addition, public health nurses experienced that (3) professional dignity was an expression of different intertwined interprofessional and social factors. Discussion and conclusion Professional dignity is simultaneously an essential prerequisite and an outcome of public health nurses’ work. In future, more information would be needed to implement strategies in primary health care to foster nurses’ professional dignity also in international public health arenas. (shrink)

In his theory of truthmaker content, Kit Fine has provided many insights concerning the relation of aboutness, allowing us to understand why a unique subject matter can be associated to a sentence, what is the relation between the subject matter of a sentence and its truth conditions, and why necessary sentences can be distinguished with respect to what they are about. The aim of this chapter is to consider these insights critically, compare them to the notion of subject matter developed (...) by Lewis, and put forward a unified account giving us the resources to overcome some of their limits. The resulting theory characterizes the relation of aboutness by combining in a consistent framework Lewis’s intuition on how sentences are related to the questions they possibly answer with Fine’s intuition on how sentences are related to their truthmakers. (shrink)

The value of solidarity, which implies mutual concern and support, is often conveyed in our everyday moral and political language. But what is its conceptual relationship with justice? Influential positions in this debate may argue for the opposition between the two concepts: justice is impartial and universal, while solidarity is partial and limited. The present paper aims to shortly explore a range of theories that may exemplify possible answers to this position, from communitarian and realist views, which ultimately confirm the (...) opposition, to political solidarities, which claim an instrumental need for solidarity as a reaction to injustices. Special attention will be paid to Habermas’s compatibilist account of solidarity as the “reverse side” of justice. The paper contends that a compelling answer should preserve the difference between the two spheres and the essential features of solidarity by also sketching a concept of solidarity as a social duty arising from our moral interdependence. (shrink)

This paper presents a purely pragmatic account of quotation which, it is argued, will be able to accommodate all relevant linguistic phenomena. Given that it is more parsimonious to explain the data by reference to pragmatic principles only than to explain them by reference to both pragmatic and semantic principles, as is common in the literature, I conclude that the account of quotation I present is to be preferred to the more standard accounts (including the alternative theories of quotation, discussed (...) here). (shrink)

In this paper I shall deal with the question of whether a State-granted minimal income (which is not the same as a basic income) is a necessary condition in order for individuals (1) to attain a basic level of autonomy; and (2) to develop capabilities that allow them to improve the quality of their life. As a theoretical basis for my analysis I shall use Honneth’s theory of recognition, Sen’s capability approach (also in the version offered by Nussbaum), and Simmel’s (...) concept of independency as developed in his Philosophy of Money. A minimal income aims at guaranteeing not only the survival of the extremely poor (this could also be achieved by emergency programs), but also – in cooperation with other State programs such as education, medical and legal assistance etc – at enabling these individuals to be more independent from their social environment, where dependence often constitutes a strong obstacle to the development of their autonomy. The social and political inclusion of millions of people, both in threshold countries and in poor countries, depends upon the existence of such programs. (shrink)

Mereological atomism is the thesis that everything is ultimately composed of atomic parts, i.e., parts without proper parts. Typically, this thesis is characterized by an axiom stating that everything has atomic parts. The present paper argues that the success of this standard characterization depends on how the notions of sum and composition are defined. In particular, we put forward a novel definition of mereological sum that: (i) is not equivalent to existing definitions in the literature, if no strong decomposition principle (...) is assumed; (ii) can be used to argue that the standard characterization of atomism fails, because having atomic parts is not sufficient to be a sum of atoms; and (iii) provides a purely mereological distinction between structured and unstructured wholes, contributing to the ongoing debate on this crucial topic. (shrink)

The expressive nature of musical improvisation is dissected, navigatingbetween two predominant theses: The Transparency Thesis (1) which proposes thatexpressiveness in improvisation transparently reflects the musician’s subjectiveaffectivity, and the Objective-Generic Expressiveness Thesis (2) asserting that ithinges only on the musicpractice’s objective components. This article challenges boththeses, arguing against (1) by emphasizing that musical expressivity transcends a merenatural outburst, and counteracting (2) by highlighting that it is not merely anenactment of objective expressive topoi. Introducing a novel perspective through theconceptual pair of (social) (...) Habitusand (individual) habit, a third stance is defended:the specific expressiveness in improvised music is significantly impacted by itsimprovisational quality, whereby the expressiveness emerges from the manipulationand transformation of an expressive Habitus within the musical performance’scontingent situation. (shrink)

En février 2024, le Parlement européen a voté l’autorisation partielle d’utilisation des NGT ( New Genomic Techniques ). À la différence des OGM, interdites, les NGT ne visent pas à injecter dans une plante les gènes d’une autre, mais à modifier le séquençage de son propre génome en imitant l’évolution génétique « spontanée » qui ne prend plus des milliers d’années, mais quelques minutes. Du coup, elles sont peu « traçables ». Les techniques d’hybridation ont, depuis les années 50, été (...) imposées aux agriculteurs du Nord puis du Sud au prétexte de meilleurs rendements pour nourrir le monde et, aujourd’hui, de la protection de l’environnement. En fait, les semences hybrides sont brevetées et constituent une rente exceptionnelle pour les industries chimiques et pharmaceutiques, tout en maintenant dans la dépendance de leur utilisation les paysans du monde entier astreints à l’industrialisation agricole, ce qui provoque de profondes inégalités. Il s’agit de briser le lien mortel qui soumet les États (qui leur accordent un soutien massif) aux entreprises privées qui s’approprient les brevets. (shrink)

The essay deals with the debate between neo-republicans and liberals. It discusses particularly the positions of Quentin Skinner, Philip Pettit and Maurizio Viroli. While not operating an exhaustive critical examination of the positions of these three thinkers, it focusses an aspect they have in common: the idea that the republican tradition stays in an irreducible conflict with the liberal tradition and with a certain conception of democracy. The essay analizes briefly the three main concepts of republicanism also in order to (...) point out to some historical and theoretical problems. It further compares the position of republican thinkers with the position of the liberal-democratic tradition which is their main target of their critics. In this context the essay introduces a further position which the neo-republicans quite curiously leave aside: constitutionalism. (shrink)

El texto versa sobre la crisis de la democracia y examina las posibilidades de la teoría de la reciprocidad para hacer frente a la misma. La teoría de la reciprocidad tiene un pie en el trabajo filosófico de Kant. Presentamos primero la relación entre crisis y crítica presente en su obra, para pasar a la rearticulación de la crítica en la teoría de la reciprocidad. Con ello, la democratización se presenta como un camino para hacer frente a la crisis. Puesto (...) que en tal terreno tienen un lugar central las redes de confianza y el don, examinaremos las capacidades que tales elementos ofrecen para hacer frente a la crisis. (shrink)

In order to rebuild a useful theory that can aid in producing a profound change from the bottom up, it is fundamental to return to some of Habermas' greatest texts from his first thirty year of research and teaching, written by the Habermas who neo-reactionary and opportunitst Karl Marx considers dangerous because his ideas are too extreme and left-wing"--Page 4 of cover.

A fine Settecento, quando l’ingresso della musica nel «sistema delle arti» era un evento ancora recente, il fondatore della Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung, Friedrich Rochlitz, individuava il motivo della maggiore discrepanza nei giudizi in materia musica le rispetto alle altre arti nel fatto che essa sarebbe priva di punti di riferimento visibili. «La musica», egli affermava, «nulla ha divisibile (Sichtbares) cui si possano confrontare le sue opere, o da cui possa scaturire una qualche concordanza nelle valutazioni». Mentre per esempio possiamo valutare (...) la differenza di valore tra due raffigurazioni di una rosa perché abbiamo visto la rosa reale, nella musica, argomentava Rochlitz, dobbiamo affidarci alla nostra sensibilità introspettiva, il che rende il compito del giudizio assai difficile. Non intendo qui commentare questo argomento. Piuttosto mi interessa mettere in discussione l’idea che la musica non abbia a che fare con la dimensione del visibile. Anche dando per scontata l’idea che la musica sia un’arte, o un campo di pratiche, legato in modo fondamentale ai suoni e all’ascolto, non è inutile interrogarsi sul contributo della dimensione visiva all’esperienza musicale. Questo articolo presenterà quindi alcune considerazioni circa gli aspetti visivi della produzione e della ricezione della musica. La prima parte concerne la possibilità di visualizzare l’opera intesa come tipo ideale strutturale. La seconda parte discute il ruolo della visione nell’esecuzione delle opere musicali. La terza parte si sofferma brevemente sul ruolo della visualizzazione immaginativa e del vedere performativo nelle pratiche dell’improvvisazione. La conclusione propone un rapido riferimento all’iconologia musicale. (shrink)

A Física aristotélica é questionada em diversos de seus princípios por autores dos séculos XIII e XN, embora eles ainda a aceitem enquanto todo. Ao tratar do problema do poder absoluto de Deus, Ockham afasta-se tanto do "princípio de plenitude" do mundo neoplatônico, como também do "mundo fechado" de Aristóteles.

Pierre Dubois, um dos legistas de Filipe,o Belo, em seu tratado Sobre a recuperação daTerra Santa produziu um texto que não possuigrande importância filosófica. Entretanto, suaspropostas políticas apresentam-no como um homemcom algumas propostas interessantes, baseadasem Síger, R Bacon e R. Lullio. A necessidadeda paz, a reforma da Igreja, a unidade da fé,uma Europa de nações são alguns dos temas desenvolvidos.

The crisis of paradigms, regardless of them being scientific, social and religious, had during the 20th century an interesting reception. Totalitarian systems emerged, relativism in philosophy and science, and exhaustion of representative democracy. The conception of revolt in Camus covers all these concerns and tries to recuperate a kind of humanism that seeks to answer to these entire crises. This article intends to investigate the Camusian conception of revolt as a critique to State violence and a struggle to establish an (...) ethics of otherness. (shrink)

O artigo trata de um déficit teórico presente no pensamento neo-republicano dos últimos anos, a saber a falta de qualquer discurso relativo à concentração de poder econômico e político nas mãos de uma minoria. Depois de uma breve exposição de algumas variantes do republicanismo contemporâneo , se analisam algumas críticas formuladas por Robert Dahl e Kenneth Baynes . Finalmente, são consideradas as posições de Robert Putnam e Benjamin Barber, a fim de desenvolver algumas considerações sobre a questão de se a (...) responsabilidade pela crise atual da democracia deva ser procurada nas atitudes e nos hábitos individuais, ou, antes, em fatores impessoais como os arranjos institucionais e o contexto social, econômico e político no qual os indivíduos se encontram .This paper is about a theoretical deficit in the neo-republican thought of the last years, namely: the lackof any consideration for the concentration of economic and political power in the hand of a minority.After a short exposition of some versions of contemporary republicanism , the paper will analyzesome critiques advanced by Robert Dahl and Kenneth Baynes . Finally it will consider the positionsof Robert Putnam and Benjamin Barber in order to develop some remarks on the question whether theresponsibility for the present crisis of democracy is to be sought in individual attitudes and habits orrather in impersonal factors such as institutional arrangements and the social, economic, and politicalcontext individuals live in. (shrink)

A teoria habermasiana do direito reivindica uma terceira via entre a normatividade das teorias “abstratas” da justiça e o funcionalismo de teorias como a de Luhmann. Na verdade, a posição de Habermas é normativa num sentido forte e, apesar do funcionalismo de sua reivindicação, enfoca apenas o direito positivo moderno, na medida em que não distingue claramente entre direito e moralidade. Outrossim, termina por incorrer nesta aporia, culminando numa espécie de legalização da moralidade.

Armut hat viele Aspekte, unter denen materielle Entbehrung wohl den offensichtlichsten und allgemein anerkanntesten darstellt. Mit ihr verbunden sind aber andere Sorten von Mangel: an Würde, Selbstvertrauen, Selbstrespekt und auch an Autonomie, wie mehrere Autor*innen schon betont haben. Die Beziehung zwischen individueller Autonomie und Armut wird nichtsdestotrotz von den meisten Sozialprogrammen zur Armutsbekämpfung kaum thematisiert. Ein Grund dafür ist womöglich im Umstand zu finden, dass Autonomie kein leicht zu definierender Begriff ist.

Este artículo se centra en el concepto de marginación. Al hacerlo, cuestiona el paradigma dualista dominante en la filosofía política contemporánea, centrado sobre dicotomías como nacional/extranjero, ciudadano/migrante, a este lado de la frontera/del otro lado de la frontera, y adopta un paradigma global centrado en la dialéctica centro/periferia, retomando ideas centrales de las teorías de la dependencia y del sistema-mundo. Defiende que no son sólo las fronteras nacionales las que dividen a la población mundial según criterios arbitrarios y que las (...) fronteras de clase desempeñan el mismo papel dentro de las sociedades nacionales. En ambos casos, los individuos no son excluidos del ámbito económico, político y social, sino que son empujados a sus márgenes. La descripción de la vida a los márgenes nos debería ayudar a repensar la organización global de la economía capitalista y de las relaciones entre centro y periferia. (shrink)

The paper is a commentary on Christoph Horn’s paper The Concept of Justice. It criticizes Horn’s claim that justice is overrated in contemporary philosophical debate by discussing Horn’s arguments. In doing so, it questions (1) the idea that we can easily distinguish between morally central and peripheral questions, as Horn claims; it points out (2) that this distinction is based on the values held by those who are drawing it; and finally (3) it stresses the centrality of the feeling of (...) outrage provoked by the action whose acceptability is being challenged. Finally, it claims that morality arises from the experience of injustice and, therefore, that questions of justice are not only morally central; they are, rather, essential to morality. (shrink)

O artigo discute o papel da solidariedade na sociedade pós-convencional, mostrandocomo ela se entrelaça com a noção de uma autonomia individual amparada em direitosfundamentais. Para este fim, serão considerados dois experimentos mentais pensados porJoel Feinberg e Eamonn Callan, em seguida, se passará à definição que Jürgen Habermas eAxel Honneth deram do conceito de solidariedade e, finalmente, serão apresentadas algumasconsiderações sobre o conceito de autonomia individual.

That each individual acts according to his own interests, that he is the best judge of these interests, whether economic or political, and that democratic government, given representative mechanisms that allow citizens to choose among different political offerings, is automatically the most efficient one possible for satisfying people's interests — this is a series of assumptions that lies behind a lot of common-sense opinions that lead people to prefer democracy over other forms of government. A general theory of government rests (...) on these same assumptions, elaborated by a vast, specialized literature. Already it seems to dominate totally the academic scene in Anglo-Saxon countries, is spreading also to Scandinavia, Germany, and Switzerland, and is even being discussed in Italy. (shrink)

The practice of the Western medicine often identifies the symptom with the disease itself, but a current of thought and medical practice considers it as the important message of an organic imbalance. In fact, in standard therapies symptoms are usually suppressed, thus interrupting a normal physiological process and risking severe reactions due to the organic imbalance. Dr. Hahnemann, the father of homeopathy, founded his diagnostic and therapeutic model on the interpretation of the symptoms and maintained that symptoms are an expression (...) of altered physiology. The same concept is to be found in Dr. Reckeweg's “reactivity” and homotoxicology; he believed that diseases are the expression of the struggle of the body against toxins. Reckeweg's contribution was particularly important in considering the inflammation process as a biologic process through which the body restores its health. Also PNEI proposes a model where the symptom is interpreted as information and as the res... (shrink)

Este ensayo se ocupa de discutir el renacimiento de la tradición republicana en los últimos años, particularmente gracias a pensadores como Quentin Skinner, Maurizio Viroli y Philip Pettit. Se aborda esta tradición en sus principales elementos constitutivos, a saber: 1) el concepto de república propiamente dicho; 2) el papel central de las virtudes cívicas; 3) la concepción republicana de libertad; y 4) el concepto de gobierno de las leyes. Se desarrolla, en primer lugar, un breve análisis de estos cuatros elementos, (...) al mismo tiempo que se ponen en evidencia algunos problemas históricos y teóricos. A continuación, se compara la posición de los teóricos republicanos, tanto clásicos como contemporáneos, con la propia de la tradición liberal-democrática, que, para aquéllos, constituye el principal blanco de esta polémica. Finalmente, se introduce una nueva corriente de pensamiento que los neo-republicanos dejan, curiosamente, de lado: el constitucionalismo. (shrink)