Results for 'A. Spearing'

958 found
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  1.  49
    A Multiple Identity Approach to Gender: Identification with Women, Identification with Feminists, and Their Interaction.Jolien A. van Breen, Russell Spears, Toon Kuppens & Soledad de Lemus - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  2.  10
    Photoconductivity and recombination in doped amorphous silicon.D. A. Anderson & W. E. Spear - 1977 - Philosophical Magazine 36 (3):695-712.
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  3.  35
    Ontogeny of memory.Byron A. Campbell & Norman E. Spear - 1972 - Psychological Review 79 (3):215-236.
  4.  20
    Discussion Edited with an Introduction.Frederick A. Spear, Georges May, John Pappas, Aram Vartanian & Herbert Dieckmann - 1973 - Diderot Studies 17:65 - 106.
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  5.  5
    Canace and Machaire.A. C. Spearing - 1990 - Mediaevalia 16:211-221.
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  6. Bibliographie de Diderot: Supplément no 2 in A la mémoire de JR Loy (1918-1985).Frederick A. Spear - 1986 - Diderot Studies 22:107-126.
     
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  7.  24
    Repeated isolation experience during the preweanling period: Effects on behavioral ontogeny.Patricia A. Caza, W. Douglas Tynan, Gayle Solheim & Norman E. Spear - 1982 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 20 (2):115-118.
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  8. (1 other version)Epistemic dimensions of gaslighting: peer-disagreement, self-trust, and epistemic injustice.Andrew D. Spear - 2018 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 62:1-24.
    ABSTRACTMiranda Fricker has characterized epistemic injustice as “a kind of injustice in which someone is wronged specifically in her capacity as a knower” (2007, Epistemic injustice: Power & the e...
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  9.  14
    Sandra Pierson Prior, The Fayre Formez of the Pearl Poet. (Medieval Texts and Studies, 18.) East Lansing, Mich.: Michigan State University Press, 1996. Pp. xiv, 222; 17 black-and-white figures. $37.95. [REVIEW]A. Spearing - 1999 - Speculum 74 (1):240-241.
  10. Gaslighting, Confabulation, and Epistemic Innocence.Andrew D. Spear - 2020 - Topoi 39 (1):229-241.
    Recent literature on epistemic innocence develops the idea that a defective cognitive process may nevertheless merit special consideration insofar as it confers an epistemic benefit that would not otherwise be available. For example, confabulation may be epistemically innocent when it makes a subject more likely to form future true beliefs or helps her maintain a coherent self-concept. I consider the role of confabulation in typical cases of interpersonal gaslighting, and argue that confabulation will not be epistemically innocent in such cases (...)
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  11. Tommaso Piazza, A Priori Knowledge: Toward a Phenomenological Explanation.Andrew D. Spear - 2009 - Philosophy in Review 29 (2):127.
     
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  12. Additively-separable and rank-discounted variable-population social welfare functions: A characterization.Dean Spears & H. Orri Stefansson - 2021 - Economic Letters 203:1-3.
    Economic policy evaluations require social welfare functions for variable-size populations. Two important candidates are critical-level generalized utilitarianism (CLGU) and rank-discounted critical-level generalized utilitarianism, which was recently characterized by Asheim and Zuber (2014) (AZ). AZ introduce a novel axiom, existence of egalitarian equivalence (EEE). First, we show that, under some uncontroversial criteria for a plausible social welfare relation, EEE suffices to rule out the Repugnant Conclusion of population ethics (without AZ’s other novel axioms). Second, we provide a new characterization of CLGU: (...)
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  13. Functions in Basic Formal Ontology.Andrew D. Spear, Werner Ceusters & Barry Smith - 2016 - Applied ontology 11 (2):103-128.
    The notion of function is indispensable to our understanding of distinctions such as that between being broken and being in working order (for artifacts) and between being diseased and being healthy (for organisms). A clear account of the ontology of functions and functioning is thus an important desideratum for any top-level ontology intended for application to domains such as engineering or medicine. The benefit of using top-level ontologies in applied ontology can only be realized when each of the categories identified (...)
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  14.  13
    Truth and Method. Elements of a Philosophical Hermeneutics.Otto Spear - 1969 - Philosophy and History 2 (1):15-17.
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  15. Husserl on Intentionality and Intentional Content.Andrew D. Spear - 2011 - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Edmund Husserl (1859—1938) was an influential thinker of the first half of the twentieth century. His philosophy was heavily influenced by the works of Franz Brentano and Bernard Bolzano, and was also influenced in various ways by interaction with contemporaries such as Alexius Meinong, Kasimir Twardowski, and Gottlob Frege. In his own right, Husserl is considered the founder of twentieth century Phenomenology with influence extending to thinkers such as Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and to contemporary continental philosophy generally. (...)
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  16.  23
    Pre in a t-Maze brightness discrimination within and between subjects.Norman E. Spear & Joseph H. Spitzner - 1967 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 73 (2):320.
  17.  14
    Transfer as a function of time to mediate.Norman E. Spear, Peter J. Mikulka & Marvin Podd - 1966 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 72 (1):40.
  18. Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology.Robert Arp, Barry Smith & Andrew D. Spear - 2015 - Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    In the era of “big data,” science is increasingly information driven, and the potential for computers to store, manage, and integrate massive amounts of data has given rise to such new disciplinary fields as biomedical informatics. Applied ontology offers a strategy for the organization of scientific information in computer-tractable form, drawing on concepts not only from computer and information science but also from linguistics, logic, and philosophy. This book provides an introduction to the field of applied ontology that is of (...)
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  19.  64
    The Effects of Instructor Fear Appeals and Moral Appeals on Cheating-Related Attitudes and Behavior of University Students.Jennifer Akeley Spear & Ann Neville Miller - 2012 - Ethics and Behavior 22 (3):196 - 207.
    Little attention has been paid in academic dishonesty literature to empirically testing the effectiveness of different instructor communication strategies to minimize cheating. Using a quasi-experimental design, we compared the effectiveness of instructor fear appeals and moral appeals on student cheating-related attitudes and behavior. Cheating was most strongly associated with neutralizing attitudes in the moral appeal condition. Also, the relationship between observation of others cheating and self-reported cheating behaviors was stronger in both treatment conditions than in the control condition. Although a (...)
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  20.  62
    Breaking the epistemic pornography habit.Andrew D. Spear - 2019 - Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 18 (1):83-104.
    Purpose This paper aims to analyze some of the epistemically pernicious effects of the use of the internet and social media. In light of this analysis, it introduces the concept of epistemic pornography and argues that epistemic agents both can and should avoid consuming and sharing epistemic pornography. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on research on epistemic virtue, cognitive biases, social media use and its epistemic consequences, fake news, paternalistic nudging, pornography, moral philosophy, moral elevation and moral exemplar theory to analyze (...)
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  21.  17
    A Spear ‘like a ball’: A note on sophocles, fr. 781.Bob Corthals - 2018 - Classical Quarterly 68 (1):326-329.
    Etymologicum Magnum s.v. ἔγχος :ὁ δὲ Σοφοκλῆς τὴν σφαῖραν ἔγχος κέκληκεν, οἶον ‘τὸ δ’ ἔγχος ἐν ποσὶ κυλίνδεται’.Sophocles has called a ball egkhos, as in ‘and the egkhos rolls to feet’. The quoted fragment is generally assigned to Sophocles' Nausicaa. This suggestion dates back to nineteenth-century scholarship, is found in the editions of Pearson and Radt, and has been accepted by LSJ. Certainly, the Nausicaa will have included a version of the famous scene in which the Phaeacian princess and her (...)
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  22. What calibrating variable-value population ethics suggests.Dean Spears & H. Orri Stefánsson - 2024 - Economics and Philosophy 40 (3):673-684.
    Variable-Value axiologies avoid Parfit’s Repugnant Conclusion while satisfying some weak instances of the Mere Addition principle. We apply calibration methods to two leading members of the family of Variable-Value views conditional upon: first, a very weak instance of Mere Addition and, second, some plausible empirical assumptions about the size and welfare of the intertemporal world population. We find that such facts calibrate these two Variable-Value views to be nearly totalist, and therefore imply conclusions that should seem repugnant to anyone who (...)
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  23.  57
    Returning Genetic Research Results to Individuals: Points‐to‐Consider.Gaile Renegar, Christopher J. Webster, Steffen Stuerzebecher, Lea Harty, Susan E. Ide, Beth Balkite, Taryn A. Rogalski‐Salter, Nadine Cohen, Brian B. Spear & Diane M. Barnes - 2006 - Bioethics 20 (1):24-36.
    This paper is intended to stimulate debate amongst stakeholders in the international research community on the topic of returning individual genetic research results to study participants. Pharmacogenetics and disease genetics studies are becoming increasingly prevalent, leading to a growing body of information on genetic associations for drug responsiveness and disease susceptibility with the potential to improve health care. Much of these data are presently characterized as exploratory (non‐validated or hypothesis‐generating). There is, however, a trend for research participants to be permitted (...)
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  24.  47
    Returning genetic research results to individuals: Points-to-consider.Gaile Renegar, Christopher J. Webster, Steffen Stuerzebecher, Lea Harty, I. D. E. E., Beth Balkite, Taryn A. Rogalski-salter, Nadine Cohen, Brian B. Spear, Diane M. Barnes & Celia Brazell - 2005 - Bioethics 20 (1):24–36.
    ABSTRACT This paper is intended to stimulate debate amongst stakeholders in the international research community on the topic of returning individual genetic research results to study participants. Pharmacogenetics and disease genetics studies are becoming increasingly prevalent, leading to a growing body of information on genetic associations for drug responsiveness and disease susceptibility with the potential to improve health care. Much of these data are presently characterized as exploratory (non‐validated or hypothesis‐generating). There is, however, a trend for research participants to be (...)
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  25.  29
    The Asymmetry of population ethics: experimental social choice and dual-process moral reasoning.Dean Spears - 2020 - Economics and Philosophy 36 (3):435-454.
    Population ethics is widely considered to be exceptionally important and exceptionally difficult. One key source of difficulty is the conflict between certain moral intuitions and analytical results identifying requirements for rational (in the sense of complete and transitive) social choice over possible populations. One prominent such intuition is the Asymmetry, which jointly proposes that the fact that a possible child’s quality of life would be bad is a normative reason not to create the child, but the fact that a child’s (...)
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  26.  75
    Can induced reflection affect moral decision-making?Daniel Spears, Yasmina Okan, Irene Hinojosa-Aguayo, José César Perales, María Ruz & Felisa González - 2021 - Philosophical Psychology 34 (1):28-46.
    Evidence about whether reflective thinking may be induced and whether it affects utilitarian choices is inconclusive. Research suggests that answering items correctly in the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) before responding to dilemmas may lead to more utilitarian decisions. However, it is unclear to what extent this effect is driven by the inhibition of intuitive wrong responses (reflection) versus the requirement to engage in deliberative processing. To clarify this issue, participants completed either the CRT or the Berlin Numeracy Test (BNT) – (...)
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  27. Share the Sugar.Christian Tarsney, Harvey Lederman & Dean Spears - manuscript
    We provide a general argument against value incomparability, based on a new style of impossibility result. In particular, we show that, against plausible background assumptions, value incomparability creates an incompatibility between two very plausible principles for ranking lotteries: a weak "negative dominance" principle (to the effect that Lottery 1 can be better than Lottery 2 only if some possible outcome of Lottery 1 is better than some possible outcome of Lottery 2) and a weak form of ex ante Pareto (to (...)
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  28.  80
    Percentage of reinforcement and reward magnitude effects in a T maze: Between and within subjects.Norman E. Spear & William B. Pavlik - 1966 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 71 (4):521.
  29. Conditions of Cognitive Sanity and the Internalist Credo.Andrew D. Spear - 2015 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 97 (3):300-321.
    BonJour has proposed background conditions on internalist justification, which Kornblith argues are inconsistent with a core internalist ‘credo’ – that subjects internally alike are justificationally alike – signaling the ‘death’ of internalism. The funeral arrangements are premature, though more systematic consideration of background conditions is needed. The majority of BonJour's conditions are not background conditions as their failure makes an epistemically relevant internal difference. This neutralizes Kornblith's criticisms and reveals how the proposed conditions are not departures from internalism. BonJour's background (...)
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  30.  40
    Extinction in a runway as a function of acquisition level and reinforcement percentage.Winfred F. Hill & Norman E. Spear - 1963 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 65 (5):495.
  31.  39
    Resisting Hyper-Partisan Silencing: Arendt on Political Persuasion through Exemplification and Truth-Telling as Action.Andrew D. Spear - 2021 - HannahArendt. Net 10 (1):37 – 69.
    A central frustration of recent political discourse is the consistent reduction of politically relevant factual and critical speech to mere expression of partisan commitment. Partisans of “the other side”—members of the other tribe—are viewed as de facto wrong, because partisans, even when their speech invokes mere facts or purportedly shared political principles. Ideally, democratic political discourse operates along at least two central dimensions: a dimension of shared factual, historical, and political assumptions, and a more contested dimension of interpretation, prioritization, and (...)
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  32.  31
    Roland Breeur, Lies – Imposture – Stupidity. Vilinius: Jonas ir Jokūbas 2019.Andrew D. Spear - 2021 - HannahArendt. Net 10 (1):174 – 176.
    As the title suggests, Breeur’s project is to discuss three key ideas: lies, stupidity, and imposture. The book is organized into two parts of two chapters each, followed by an appendix. The individual chapters and sub-sections are well-written and philosophically sophisticated. However, the reader will be disappointed if they expect a sustained analysis of the relations among the book’s titular ideas or a unified account of their role in the breakdown of respect for truth more broadly. Breeur’s approach is more (...)
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  33. Egyptians, Aliens, and Okies: Against the Sum of Averages.Christian Tarsney, Michael Geruso & Dean Spears - 2023 - Utilitas 35 (4):320-326.
    Grill (2023) defends the sum of averages view (SAV), on which the value of a population is found by summing the average welfare of each generation or birth cohort. A major advantage of SAV, according to Grill, is that it escapes the Egyptology objection to average utilitarianism. But, we argue, SAV escapes only the most literal understanding of this objection, since it still allows the value of adding a life to depend on facts about other, intuitively irrelevant lives. Moreover, SAV (...)
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  34.  27
    Albert Schweitzer—Greatness and Limitations. A Critical Appraisal of his Scholarship and Thought. [REVIEW]Otto Spear - 1975 - Philosophy and History 8 (2):189-191.
  35.  43
    Cumulative change in scientific production: Research technologies and the structuring of new knowledge.Joseph Howard Spear - 2004 - Perspectives on Science 12 (1):55-85.
    : This paper seeks to contribute to the development of a sociological understanding of scientific change. It first presents a conceptual framework for defining and understanding the conditions that give rise to episodes of cumulative change (both as the selective reconstruction of events and as the patterned structuring of innovations over time and across different settings). It argues that one of the most powerful structuring mechanisms is the existence of standardized research technologies. Then, the development of electroencephalography (EEG) is presented (...)
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  36. Attenuation of the cs-preexposure effect after a retention interval in preweanling rats.Pj Kraemer, H. Hoffmann & Ne Spear - 1986 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 24 (5):335-335.
     
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  37.  35
    A replication of overlearning and reversal in a T maze.Winfred F. Hill & Norman E. Spear - 1963 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 65 (3):317.
  38.  25
    Quantifying India’s Climate Vulnerability.Mark Budolfson, Melissa LoPalo, Dean Spears & Kevin Kuruc - 2020 - In Mark Budolfson, Melissa LoPalo, Dean Spears & Kevin Kuruc, India Policy Forum, NCAER.
    This paper asks about the climate damages that Indian policymakers can expect. What is the likely magnitude of climate damages, and how sensitive are they to the level of warming? How much worse would climate damages be for Indians under, say, 5° of warming rather than 3°? Understanding the magnitude of climate damages and how rapidly they increase as temperature change increases is critical for finding the right climate mitigation policy. This paper provides projections of India’s climate vulnerability on the (...)
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  39.  11
    Consumer Protection: Online Sale of Prescription Drugs to Minors Not Unconscionable.Charlotte Spears - 2002 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 30 (2):315-317.
    In Stovall v. Confimed.com, the Kansas Supreme Court held that an out-of-state medical doctor who sold a prescription drug to a Kansas minor over the Internet did not commit an unconscionable act under the Kansas Consumer Protection Act. The Shawnee Country District Court had enjoined the doctor from prescribing or dispensing prescription medicine within the state of Kansas, and the doctor appealed the injunction to the Kansas Supreme Court. The Supreme Court affirmed the district court's decision to grant injunctive relief, (...)
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  40.  37
    Resistance to extinction as a joint function of reward magnitude and the spacing of extinction trials.Winfred F. Hill & Norman E. Spear - 1962 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 64 (6):636.
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  41. Social structure and the effects of conformity.Kevin James Spears Zollman - 2010 - Synthese 172 (3):317-340.
    Conformity is an often criticized feature of human belief formation. Although generally regarded as a negative influence on reliability, it has not been widely studied. This paper attempts to determine the epistemic effects of conformity by analyzing a mathematical model of this behavior. In addition to investigating the effect of conformity on the reliability of individuals and groups, this paper attempts to determine the optimal structure for conformity. That is, supposing that conformity is inevitable, what is the best way for (...)
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  42.  27
    Servant-Leadership and Community: Humanistic Perspectives from Pope John XXIII and Robert K. Greenleaf.Dung Q. Tran & Larry C. Spears - 2020 - Humanistic Management Journal 5 (1):117-131.
    The aim of this paper is to show the relationship between John XXIII and Robert K. Greenleaf’s understanding of leadership. By taking into consideration Greenleaf’s theory of servant-leadership – from conceptualization to model development – and Larry Spears’ influential rubric of ten servant-leadership characteristics, we will show how servant-leadership theory goes in line with that of John XXIII when both are based on a notion of the common good and human dignity.
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  43. 基于基本形式化本体的本体构建.Robert Arp, Barry Smith & Andrew D. Spear - 2020 - Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House.
    In the era of “big data,” science is increasingly information driven, and the potential for computers to store, manage, and integrate massive amounts of data has given rise to such new disciplinary fields as biomedical informatics. Applied ontology offers a strategy for the organization of scientific information in computer-tractable form, drawing on concepts not only from computer and information science but also from linguistics, logic, and philosophy. This book provides an introduction to the field of applied ontology that is of (...)
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  44.  42
    “Fury, us”: Anger as a basis for new group self-categories.Andrew G. Livingstone, Lee Shepherd, Russell Spears & Antony S. R. Manstead - 2016 - Cognition and Emotion 30 (1):183-192.
  45. The Hidden Zero Problem: Effective Altruism and Barriers to Marginal Impact.Mark Budolfson & Dean Spears - 2019 - In Hilary Greaves & Theron Pummer, Effective Altruism: Philosophical Issues. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    In this chapter, Mark Budolfson and Dean Spears analyse the marginal effect of philanthropic donations. The core of their analysis is the observation that marginal good done per dollar donated is a product (in the mathematical sense) of several factors: change in good done per change in activity level of the charity in question, change in activity per change in the charity’s budget size, and change in budget size per change in the individual’s donation to the charity in question. They (...)
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  46. December 8, 2004 Philosophy of Science Dr. Shanahan “Phil-Sci Suicide: The Deflation of a Debate and Silence For the Rest of It”. [REVIEW]Bret Spears - forthcoming - Philosophy of Science.
  47.  21
    Student Teachers in Primary Schools: the views of mentors and headteachers.Norman D. Lock & Margaret Spear - 1997 - Educational Studies 23 (2):253-261.
    Four year initial teacher education courses have recently undergone radical reform, in particular in relation to the time that students spend in schools. Through the introduction of mentorship programmes, teachers have become very much more involved in training the students whilst they are in school. How do teachers view the changes that have been introduced? Do they agree with the principles and models that guided the developments? Headteachers and class teachers who acted as mentors for students from the University of (...)
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  48. Why the Repugnant Conclusion is Inescapable.Mark Budolfson & Dean Spears - unknown
    The spectre of the repugnant conclusion and the search for a population axiology that avoids it has endured as a focus of population ethics. This is in part because the repugnant conclusion is often interpreted as a defining problem for totalism, while the implications of averagism and related views are taken to illustrate the theoretical cost of avoiding the repugnant conclusion. However, we show that this interpretation cannot be sustained unless one focuses only on a special case of the repugnant (...)
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  49. Particularism and the spatial location of events.Marjorie Spear Price - 2008 - Philosophia 36 (1):129-140.
    According to the Particularist Theory of Events, events are real things that have a spatiotemporal location. I argue that some events do not have a spatial location in the sense required by the theory. These events are ordinary, nonmental events like Smith’s investigating the murder and Carol’s putting her coat on the chair. I discuss the significance of these counterexamples for the theory.
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  50.  83
    Does the Repugnant Conclusion have important implications for axiology or for public policy?Mark Budolfson & Dean Spears - 2022 - In Gustaf Arrhenius, Krister Bykvist, Tim Campbell & Elizabeth Finneron-Burns, The Oxford Handbook of Population Ethics. Oxford University Press. pp. 350–C15.P105.
    Formal arguments have proven that avoiding the Repugnant Conclusion is impossible without rejecting one or more highly plausible population principles. To many, such proofs establish not only a deep challenge for axiology, but also pose an important practical problem of how policymaking can confidently proceed without resolving any of the central questions of population ethics. Here we offer deflationary responses: first to the practical challenge, and then to the more fundamental challenge for axiology. Regarding the practical challenge, we provide an (...)
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