Este artigo, de caráter ensaístico, não se furta a pensar o fenômeno de maior proeminência no momento em que fora escrito, a pandemia desencadeada pelo Covid-19. Partindo literalmente da premissa foucaultiana, segundo a qual a filosofia deve ter como alvo o tempo presente, e abalizado por reflexões recentes de filósofos contemporâneos influenciados por Foucault, como Paul B. Preciado e Roberto Esposito, defendo a hipótese de que o vírus carrega em si, como um espelho, tudo o que ainda não conseguimos deixar (...) de ser. Com efeito, a abordagem aqui adotada lança mão da estratégia, já recorrente na filosofia contemporânea, de ampliar a noção de “vírus” como metáfora pertinente para os mais diversos fenômenos societários. Após introduzir o que está em jogo neste contingente virótico e global, decomponho a reflexão em quatro partes: enquadramento – de uma atmosfera previamente carregada de certos hábitos de exceção e anticorpos fronteiriços; estranhamento – como princípio da imunização e da redistribuição da vulnerabilidade; confinamento – como disciplina assimétrica de sobrevivência e autossacrifício; desaparecimento – como horizonte ontológico de uma existência inerte que nos espelha. O que me interessa aqui é, mais do que delinear uma interpretação filosófica da pandemia, indiciar a lógica insuspeita e virulenta que há décadas nos cerceia enquanto corpos e anticorpos descartáveis. Concluo, à guisa do diagnóstico de Paul B. Preciado, segundo o qual o vírus atua “à nossa imagem e semelhança”, que o fenômeno pandêmico implica o recrudescimento do paradoxo neoliberal segundo o qual, para “sobrevivermos”, devemos sacrificar a nós mesmos. (shrink)

Este estudo delineia coordenadas conceituais para a investigação do discurso e da visualidade em arte e design a partir do ferramental de Michel Foucault. Não é o caso de propor um “modo de usar” a obra desse filósofo e sim uma leitura possível sobre tal arsenal, com vistas a um horizonte que o excede. Após assinalar o caráter dinâmico e correlacional dessa proposição, as coordenadas são ordenadas em: (1) relações de poder, (2) regimes de verdade, (3) discurso e visualidade, por (...) fim, (4) arte e design. Ao final, argumenta-se que a análise das correlações discursivo-visuais permite vislumbrar como as práticas contemporâneas estão sempre enredadas em valores, condutas e modos de olhar. O artigo sugere ainda que a arte e o design poderiam se beneficiar da leitura ora proposta, que abre um novo horizonte interpretativo em torno da contínua (re)elaboração de nossas experiências e subjetividades. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é explorar a relação de complementaridade entre o real e o imaginário, com foco no aspecto estético-hermenêutico que constitui a expressividade das imagens. Partimos da problematização do estatuto epistemológico da imagem no pensamento ocidental, recorrendo a autores que privilegiam a imagem como expressão do real. Por fim, discutirmos a prevalência da “imagem estética”, por meio da qual o mundo explicita-se como aparência de mundo no cenário contemporâneo. Por este caminho, propomos uma abordagem da imagem que possa (...) abranger a intensidade dos fluxos afetivos e, ao mesmo tempo, a pluralidade das interpretações. (shrink)

Este artigo visa refletir sobre a moral contemporânea a partir da ética de Nietzsche, tendo como foco principal a sua _Genealogia da Moral_ e, como contraponto a ser problematizado, o livro _The weariness of the self_ do sociólogo francês Alain Ehrenberg. De início, para analisar alguns tipos morais relevantes na primeira obra, revisamos o itinerário genealógico entre a “vontade de verdade” cristã e o niilismo budista (ou “ceticismo em matéria de moral”), destacando ainda alguns comentários de Nietzsche em torno de (...) Kant e o utilitarismo inglês. A autocrítica kantiana do conhecimento, afinal, manteve intacta a valoração negativa (cristã) da vida ao não questionar o valor em si da verdade. Por sua vez, ao arrogar o bem definitivo à felicidade, o utilitarismo inglês tornou a compaixão cristã compatível com o “ceticismo em matéria de moral”. A partir disso, argumentamos que a nova figura moralmente exemplar — não sendo mais a do cristão, alvo principal da genealogia nietzschiana — é a do budista, uma vez que este adere integralmente o niilismo. Em um segundo momento deste estudo, problematizamos a tese de Ehrenberg segundo a qual a figura do “indivíduo soberano” teria hoje se tornado hegemônica sob a égide da categoria da depressão. Não sendo concebível, sob o prisma nietzschiano, tal “indivíduo soberano” deprimido descrito por Ehrenberg, observamos, por fim, que é o niilismo que efetivamente se prolifera hoje: a partir da ilusão de superação total da moralidade, a moral contemporânea cultiva a fraqueza e o cansaço fisiológico através de um programa de combate irrestrito ao sofrimento. (shrink)

Tomando como ponto de partida a célebre sentença "torna-te o que tu és”, do poeta grego Píndaro, este estudo aborda as relações entre arte, hermenêutica e autoformação, na esteira da filosofia nietzschiana. Para tanto, o ato poético é entendido como indissociável da experiência vivida e, sobremaneira, do movimento do vir a ser, com o entendimento da arte como um modo de vida. Essa abordagem é levada a cabo tendo em vista as implicações educacionais de um tal princípio ético pautado na (...) transformação de si como chave para a compreensão e releitura do mundo. (shrink)

My goal is to define intending. I defend the view that believing and desiring something are necessary for intending it. They are not sufficient, however, for some things we both expect and want (e.g., the sun to rise tomorrow) are unintendable. Restricting the objects of intention to our own future actions is unwarranted and unhelpful. Rather, the belief involved in intending must be based on the desire in a certain way. En route, I argue that expected but unwanted consequences are (...) not intended, examine the two senses of "desire," distinguish intending from being willing, and relate intending to a variety of other propositional at? titudes. (shrink)

From the diverse work and often competing insights of women's human rights activists, Brooke Ackerly has written a feminist and a universal theory of human rights that bridges the relativists' concerns about universalizing from particulars and the activists' commitment to justice. Unlike universal theories that rely on shared commitments to divine authority or to an 'enlightened' way of reasoning, Ackerly's theory relies on rigorous methodological attention to difference and disagreement. She sets out human rights as at once a research ethic, (...) a tool for criticism of injustice and a call to recognize our obligations to promote justice through our actions. This book will be of great interest to political theorists, feminist and gender studies scholars and researchers of social movements. (shrink)

Moral education through service learning at post-secondary level is an important but under-researched field. Most existing studies center on its learning outcomes like academic progress, personal development, communication, and leadership skills, with only a few evaluating the moral development of college students participating in service-learning projects. The lack of study on moral development in service learning indicates a need for clarification of the theoretical underpinnings of service learning, John Dewey's ideas on moral growth, in particular his model of moral imagination (...) and the implications thereof, for current service-learning research and practice. We argue that Dewey's work here can help strengthen .. (shrink)

Because metaphysics aims for absolute generality, its primary job is to tell us what are the fundamental particulars, of which one may say that is ultimately all there is, and yet be assured of an unabridged version of reality. It should be clear that such a search for the fundamental particulars is totally different from the enterprise of determining which particulars are basic from the point of view of particular-identification, which though it has recently been labeled "metaphysics," albeit "descriptive metaphysics," (...) might less confusingly be called "descriptive epistemology.". (shrink)

In this paper we examine the functional anatomy of volition, as revealed by modern brain imaging techniques, in conjunction with neuropsychological data derived from human and non-human primates using other methodologies. A number of brain regions contribute to the performance of consciously chosen, or ‘willed', actions. Of particular importance is dorsolateral prefrontal cortex , together with those brain regions with which it is connected, via cortico-subcortical and cortico-cortical circuits. That aspect of free will which is concerned with the voluntary selection (...) of one action rather than another critically depends upon the normal functioning of DLPFC and associated brain regions. Disease, or dysfunction, of these circuits may be associated with a variety of disorders of volition: Parkinson's disease, ‘utilization’ behaviour, ‘alien’ and ‘phantom’ limbs, and delusions of ‘alien control’ . Brain imaging has allowed us to gain some access to the pathophysiology of these conditions in living patients. At a philosophical level, the distinction between ‘intentions to act', and ‘intentions in action’ may prove particularly helpful when addressing these complex disturbances of human cognition and conscious experience. The exercise and experience of free will depends upon neural mechanisms located in prefrontal cortex and associated brain systems. (shrink)

We introduce an abstract framework for general rough set theory from a mereological perspective and consider possible concepts of ’a priori’ granules and granulation in the same. The framework is ideal for relaxing many of the relatively superfluous set-theoretic axioms and for improving the semantics of many relation based, cover-based and dialectical rough set theories. This is a relatively simplified presentation of a section in three different recent research papers by the present author.

Lectures based on the commentaries on Brahmasūtra of Bādarāyaṇa.

Concept of ethics in Ādi-Granth, Sikh canon.

v. 1. La tópica horaciana en Europa -- v. 2. Teoría poética del Siglo de Oro.

Upshot: We focus on the following issues: our intentions behind establishing the new Research Through Design conference series; epistemological concerns around “research through design”; and how we might find a balance between openness and specificity for the conference series going forward.

The relation between Church and state is nowadays at stake. This article concerns the relation between Church and state from an ecclesiastical and canonical point of view. It makes clear, how the ecclesiastical doctrine reacts to social developments in relation to the national state in order to safeguard the independence of the Church. The 19th century ecclesiastical doctrine on the Church as a societas perfecta reacts on doctrines on the national states, which claimed absolute sovereignty and by that subordinated the (...) Church to the civil government and civil law. With societas perfecta doctrine the Church defends its sovereignty in the domain of the spiritual good of men. In this way the Church defines and protects its divine origin and independence from the national state. In the first half of the 20th century the democratic and constitutional national states were developed, which acknowledges religious freedom on a constitutional level as a human and a civil right. Because of this progress the Second Vatican Council could formulate its doctrine on religious freedom based on the traditional ecclesiastical teaching of the freedom of the religious act. By then, the independence of the Church is founded and defended on the freedom of the Church, which is guaranteed in national states, which acknowledge religious freedom as a human and civil right. Although one can say that there is discontinuity in the ecclesiastical teaching on the Church as a societas perfecta and the ecclesiastical doctrine on religious freedom, there exists also continuity, because both ecclesiastical doctrines intend to safeguard the independence of the Church in human society. (shrink)

Description from a book review by J. G. Beebe-Center: "Mr. Allen's book develops in detail the view that pleasure and unpleasure are essentially manifestations of the progression and thwarting of impulses. Part one is a brief summary of the principal theories of feeling. Part two is devoted to "sensory" or "bodily" pleasure and unpleasure. These forms of feeling, it is argued, 'depend on an analogue of conation existing in the organism, a nisus to maintain, or to carry out to the (...) full extent, the functioning proper to the bodily system.' Part three -- the piece de resistance (about half the book) -- deals with the relation of pleasure and unpleasure to the main instincts. Parts four, five and six take up a number of classical problems: the relation of pleasure and unpleasure to sensation, their relation to desire, the relativity of feelings, the qualitative variety of feelings, and the psychology of values. The author shows throughout a rare combination of historicophilosophical sophistication and of first-hand familiarity with the modern experimental literature.". (shrink)

Svoeobrazie nravstvennykh vozreniĭ K.N. Leontʹeva. Istoki ėticheskikh vzgli︠a︡dov K.N. Leontʹeva ; Fenomen "ėsteticheskogo amoralizma" -- Fenomen ėskhatologicheskoĭ ėtiki. Vizantizm kak nravstvennyĭ ideal ; Pravovoĭ ideal K.N. Leontʹeva v kontekste ėskhatologicheskoĭ ėtiki.

Heleno Saña aborda los interrogantes y arcanos de la condición humana en sus más diversas manifestaciones. Ofrece una vasta síntesis de lo que ha sido el Hombre desde sus orígenes hasta nuestros días. Esta perspectiva integral le permite a la vez explicar el desarrollo de la Humanidad y de la historia universal en su conjunto. La nueva obra de este reputado filósofo constituye una excelente guía no sólo para descifrar las profundidades y misterios del alma humana, sus conflictos y sus (...) dramas internos, sino también para superarlos. Quien se asome a las páginas de este libro estará en condiciones de conocerse a sí mismo y de dar a su vida el mayor sentido posible, a partir del sólido apoyo de la reflexión filosófica y antropológica. (shrink)

Developing a Center for Teaching Excellence: A Case Study Using the Integrated Readiness Matrix builds on the 2015 text, Integrating Pedagogy and Technology: Improving Teaching and Learning in Higher Education with a focus on teaching in higher education. Developing a Center for Teaching Excellence is premised on our contention in the first book that, while individual faculty members can independently begin to use the IRM to improve their pedagogical and technological skills in their content areas, an organizational structure is needed (...) to sustain ongoing improvement. In addition, while the first book provided a primer on learning theory as it relates to pedagogy, Developing a Center for Teaching Excellence plumbs this topic more deeply from the perspective of the college instructor. Further, the second book is dedicated to demonstrating how the IRM can be institutionalized as the foundation for providing the structure and support to faculty and how they can help shape centers for teaching excellence by becoming more familiar with relevant learning theories and related pedagogical and technological approaches. (shrink)