ABSTRACT Recently, the content/force distinction has had a bad press. It has been argued that the distinction is not properly motivated and that it makes the problem of the unity of the proposition intractable. I will argue that Frege’s version of the content/force distinction is immune from these objections. In order to do so, I will reconstruct his argument that ‘the nature of a question’ requires a distinction between force and content. I will answer the concern about the unity of (...) the proposition by outlining how the distinction can be combined with a Fregean account of the unity of thought. (shrink)

Abstract:This paper outlines three conceptions of the relationship between normative and empirical business ethics, views we refer to asparallel, symbiotic, andintegrative. Parallelism rejects efforts to link normative and empirical inquiry, for both conceptual and practical reasons. The symbiotic position supports a practical relationship in which normative and/or empirical business ethics rely on each other for guidance in setting agenda or in applying the results of their conceptually and methodologically distinct inquiries. Theoretical integration countenances a deeper merging ofprima faciedistinct forms of (...) inquiry, involving alterations or combinations of theory, metatheoretical assumptions, and methodology. This paper explicates these positions, summarizes arguments for and against each, and considers their implications for the future of business ethics research. (shrink)

Separability is roughly the principle that, in comparing the value of two outcomes, one can ignore any people whose existence and welfare are unaffected. Separability is both antecedently plausible, at least as a principle of beneficence, and surprisingly powerful; it is the key to some of the best positive arguments in population ethics. This chapter surveys the motivations for and consequences of separability. In particular, it presents an ‘additivity theorem’ which explains how separability leads to total utilitarianism and closely related (...) axiological views. It then examines systematically how this family of views can avoid the Repugnant Conclusion by incorporating lexicality, a critical level, or a neutral range. (shrink)

본 논문의 목적은 서양 고대 철학에는 ‘심신 문제’가 없었다는 통론에 반대하여, 플로티누스가 자연과 영혼을 구분함으로써 일종의 심신 문제에 직면할 수밖에 없었음을 보이는 것이다. 플로티누스는 몸의 생명을 책임지는 업무에서 면제된 영혼 개념을 제시하면서, 그러한 영혼을 다양한 심리적 활동을 수행하는 의식의 주체와 동일시한다. 이를 통해 그는 생명의 원리로서의 영혼이라는 고대적 관념에 종언을 고하고, 의식의 주체로서의 마음이라는 근대적 관념의 탄생을 예고한다. 플로티누스의 철학에서 몸을 살게 하는 생명의 원리는 이제 자연이다. 필자의 해석에 따르면, 플로티누스의 자연과 영혼의 구분은 생리와 심리의 분리를 함축하고, 이것이 결국 심신 (...) 문제의 발생으로 귀결된다. 하지만 이에 대해서는 플로티누스가 자연을 일종의 영혼으로 간주했다는 반론이 제기될 수 있다. 실제로 그는 자연을 종종 세계영혼의 최하위 부분으로 다룬다. 하지만 ‘최하위 부분’으로 불리는 자연은 결국 ‘최상위 부분’으로 불리는 이성의 모상으로 밝혀진다. 플로티누스는 참된 영혼을 이성적 영혼과 동일시하면서 영혼의 모상과 구분한다. 우리의 몸을 살게 하는 자연은 영혼의 모상이지만, ‘우리’는 참된 영혼이다. 자연을 ‘영혼의 모상’으로 묘사함은 자연이 영혼을 닮았지만, 더 이상 영혼이 아님을 뜻한다. (shrink)

Homologous recombination (HR) is required to protect and restart stressed replication forks. Paradoxically, the Mrc1 branch of the S phase checkpoints, which is activated by replicative stress, prevents HR repair at breaks and arrested forks. Indeed, the mechanisms underlying HR can threaten genome integrity if not properly regulated. Thus, understanding how cells avoid genetic instability associated with replicative stress, a hallmark of cancer, is still a challenge. Here I discuss recent results that support a model by which HR responds to (...) replication stress through replicative and repair activities that operate at different stages of the cell cycle (S and G2, respectively) and in distinct subnuclear structures. Remarkably, the replication checkpoint appears to control this scenario by inhibiting the assembly of HR repair centers at stressed forks during S phase, thereby avoiding genetic instability. (shrink)

Le terme grec sympatheia (co-afffection) a permis aux stoïciens de décrire l'observation commune des interactions entre les éléments de l'univers sans trahir le fait qu'il n'existe ultimement, dans leur physique, qu'une seule cause : le souffle divin. La sympnoia (communauté de souffle) explique ainsi ce que la sympatheia décrit, et toutes les parties du monde se trouvent à la fois séparées et unies par l'action d'un même souffle, seule cause de la cohésion intime d'un tout organique composé de parties distinctes. (...) Ce souffle, que Sénèque identifie à l'air qui pénètre toute chose depuis les hauteurs de l'éther jusqu'aux minéraux, apparaît également comme l'agent des échanges entre les parties du cosmos. (shrink)

Le présent article concerne un dispositif particulier de placement pour les mineurs pris en charge par les services départementaux de l’Aide sociale à l’enfance, le dispositif de placement dit « externalisé ». Fondé sur des expériences cliniques de terrain auprès des familles et des intervenants élaborées dans le cadre d’une recherche universitaire, cet article propose un modèle de ce dispositif dans lequel une approche et une intervention cliniques peuvent s’articuler aux approches et interventions éducatives et sociales. Il vise aussi à (...) présenter certaines conditions et certaines des limites du dispositif. Il met l’accent sur la nécessité de l’évaluation initiale, continue et pluridisciplinaire, incluant l’approche clinique, afin de travailler l’indication de ce dispositif qui ne peut convenir à toutes les problématiques familiales. (shrink)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, or drones, are increasingly employed for military purposes. They are extolled for improving operational endurance and targeting precision on the one hand and keeping drone crew from harm on the other. In the midst of such praise, what falls by the wayside is an entangled set of concerns about the ways in which the relationship between the pilots and their operational environment is being reconfigured. This paper traces the various manifestations of this reconfiguration and goes on to (...) situate our being-with drones in a broader set of sociotechnical practices that shape our understanding of visual technologies. Our inquiry is grounded in technical reports of performance, media coverage of accidents, as well as a detailed first-person account of a former drone pilot. Our analysis suggests that being-with drones is disciplining our perception in subtle ways that remain underexplored. We conclude that when it comes to appraising technologies that interface with the human sensorium, functionalist claims of enhancement are inadequate to the task and propose that phenomenology’s commitment to the phenomena themselves can serve as a useful corrective. (shrink)

Richard Posner, Not a Suicide Pact: The Constitution in a Time of National Emergency New York: Oxford University Press, 2006, 208 pp.

A bold argument that constitutional states are not weaker because their powers are divided -- they are often stronger because they solve collective action problems rooted in speech and communication.

Karl Jaspers’ Axial Age concept is used to depict the way humans interact with their environment. The first Axial Age (800-200 BC) can be typified among others as the age in which humans started to objectify nature. Nature was dispossessed of spirits, gods and vital forces that humans previously feared and used as explanation for the origin of things. Secularised and objectified nature became a source of wealth for humans to use and abuse as they like. This has peaked in (...) the post-industrial era which also introduced the Second Axial Age in which we presently live. The Second Axial Age can be typified by a new approach to nature mediated among others by insights from the side of the natural sciences, especially developments in cosmology, our understanding of the quantum world and new insights into the nature of consciousness. Another development in the Second Axial Age is the emergence of the nonhuman turn, new materialism, panpsychism, the notion of the post-human and theological concepts like the ‘entangled God’. These developments are discussed with reference to leading thinkers. The nonhuman turn is welcomed as it introduces respect for nature which may contribute to the survival of our planet. (shrink)

Separate and Dominate is Delphy's manifesto, lambasting liberal hypocrisy and calling for a fluid understanding of political identity that does not place different political struggles in a false opposition. She dismantles the absurd claim that Afghanistan was invaded to save women, and that homosexuals and immigrants alike should reserve their self-expression for private settings. She calls for a true universalism that sacrifices no one at the expense of others. In the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo massacre, her arguments appear more (...) prescient and pressing than ever.--Provided by publisher. (shrink)