Although the Refugee Convention 1951 generally provided that contracting states should recognise those who came within its definition as refugees, it did not prescribe how contracting states should determine this in order to enable them to balance this obligation with their national interests. However, evidence from the background and drafting of the Refugee Convention 1951 suggests that the provisions that a contracting states would implement in order to protect its interests would be commensurate with the human rights spirit of the (...) treaty. This implied that contracting states would act fairly in balancing the competing interests in devising status determination policies and would take into account decent considerations. But, from a theoretical viewpoint, it is arguable that some recent asylum determination policies have been based on the threats posed by asylum seekers. Asylum seekers have come to be blamed for contributing to the national issues that some contracting states face and as such, some contracting states have adopted draconian measures as a result. (shrink)

Je li politika identiteta novi emancipacijski potencijal koji u formalizam liberalnih demokracija unosi zbiljski kulturni, socijalni i vrijednosni sadržaj grupnih identiteta ili se pak radi o kategorijalno proturječnom i neodrživom projektu koji razara autonomiju liberalnodemokratskog građanstva?Autor nastoji uravnoteženo odvagnuti značaj, poteškoće i doseg politike identiteta. U prvom dijelu razmatra se slojevitost i dinamičnost osobnih i grupnih identiteta, te političke artikulacije identiteta koje prethode današnjim raspravama. U drugom dijelu razmatraju se zahtjevi i poteškoće politike identiteta. One proizlaze iz njezina ishodišna (...) stajališta o političkom primatu koncepcije dobra pred koncepcijom prava, odnosno jednakom javnom i pozitivnom priznanju te prihvaćanju grupnih identiteta i socijalnih određenosti u političkoj artikulaciji zajednice. Naposljetku, autor ističe osobit značaj i izglede korektivnih vrijednosti politike identiteta za demokratsku pravednost.Is identity politics a new emancipatory potential which brings real cultural, social and value content of group identities into formalism of liberal democracies, or is it a case of categorically contradictory and untenable project which destroys autonomy of liberal-democratic citizenship?The author tries to weigh the importance, difficulties and scope of policy of identity in a balanced manner. The first part deals with the complexity and dynamics of personal and group identities, as well as political articulations of identities that precede the current discussions. In the second part the requirements and difficulties of identity politics are being considered. They arise from its starting position regarding the political primacy of the concept of the good over the concept of right, i.e. equal public and positive recognition and acceptance of group identities and social determination in the political articulation of community. Finally, the author emphasizes the special importance and prospects of corrective values of identity politics for democratic justice. (shrink)

Život -- Nepolitická politika -- Charta 77 -- Intelektual a politika -- Filosof a politika -- Politický realismus: pravda, reflexe a bída -- Morálka, slušnost a etika štědrosti -- Pravá politika -- Dodatek: Filosofie, víra a teologie.

Socialinė politika vaidina svarbų vaidmenį formuojant žmonių gyvenimus. Siekiame išsiaiškinti, kaip posovietinė pertvarka socialinės politikos srityje keičia šiuolaikinėje Lietuvoje gyvenančių žmonių gyvenimo eigą. Siekiant šio tikslo, straipsnyje naudojama L. Leiseringo ir R. Walkerio (1998) pasiūlyta „gyvenimo eigos politikos“ analizės schema. Analizė rodo, kad Lietuva iš savo autoritarinės praeities paveldėjo stiprius gyvenimo eigos struktūravimo, integracijos ir normų formavimo mechanizmus. Vis dėlto šie mechanizmai silpsta arba yra adaptuojami prie šiuolaikinio socialinio, ekonominio ir politinio konteksto. Dėl to šiuolaikinę Lietuvą galima priskirti pofordistiniam (...) gyvenimo eigos režimui, kuris pasižymi gyvenimo eigos destandartizacija, depolitizacija ir didesniu socialinės politikos institucijų lankstumu. Perėjimas prie šio gyvenimo eigos režimo mūsų šalyje įvyko vėliau, palyginti su kitomis Vakarų Europos šalimis. Dabartinį gyvenimo eigos politikos režimą Lietuvoje taip pat galima apibūdinti kaip silpnai integruotą „segmentuoto saugumo“ modelį, kuriam būdingas atotrūkis tarp tų, kurie dalyvauja socialinio draudimo sistemoje, ir tų, kurie yra už jos ribų. (shrink)

The article considers the Greek ideal of moderation, most often expressed through the notion of the Mean. It is not merely a pangreek ideal, but an ancient and everlasting inheritance, which converged to the education in the unity of ‘goodness and beauty’. It is lived in the polis, as it was also a personal aspiration of the inner soul. In Aristotle’s politics, the source of moderation is primarily connected to the balance of political orders, however there is another perspective in (...) which it is more about the virtue and moral qualities of aristocracy, which identifies the good man and citizen. That approach is more akin to research conducted in Aristotle’s texts on ethics. Careful analysis of these distinctions from the book Politics is concluded with insights on education and virtue as complementary aspects of practical philosophy. (shrink)

V tretji knjigi Politike, ene najpomembnejših in vplivnejših politično-filozofskih razprav sploh, se Aristoteles ukvarja z nekaterimi temeljnimi pojmi svojega političnega raziskovanja, npr. z opredelitvijo državljanstva, upravljanjem mesta kot celote, različnimi vrstami ustave, razlikovanjem med krepostjo dobrega človeka in vrlino dobrega državljana ter z razmerjem med političnimi skupnostmi, krepostjo in pravičnostjo. Zlasti prvo in drugo poglavje proučujeta pomen izraza 'državljan', upoštevajoč različne oblike državljanove prisotnosti pri oblasti in odločitvah. Analiza pokaže, da mora dober državljan biti sposoben bodisi vladati bodisi biti vladan, (...) isto pa pričakujemo tudi od dobrega človeka. In the third book of Politics, one of the most important and influential treatises on political philosophy ever written, Aristotle deals with some basic concepts of his political investigations, such as the definition of citizenship, the government of a city as a whole and the different types of regimes, the distinction between the virtue of a good man and the virtue of a good citizen, as well as the relation between political communities, virtue and justice. Particularly the first and second chapter examine the meaning of the word ‘citizen’, considering different kinds of citizen’s commitment to power and general decisions. The analysis shows that the good citizen will need to know both how to rule and to be ruled, and the good person is expected to have this very same capacity as well. (shrink)

Tématem studie je dosud neprobádaná oblast vnějších dějin vzniku sociologie vědeckého poznání. Jejím záměrem je analýza vnějších faktorů, které se podílely na vzniku této disciplíny, a to za účelem nalezení odpovědi na otázku, proč vznikla právě v sedmdesátých letech minulého století na Oddělení pro studium vědy při Edinburské univerzitě a právě v podobě tzv. silného programu sociologie vědění. Skrze postavu zakladatele edinburského Oddělení pro studium vědy C. H. Waddingtona se studie zaměřuje konkrétně na dvě epizody, a to na vznik politicky (...) angažovaného hnutí britských levicových vědců ve třicátých letech prosazujících myšlenku sociální funkce vědy a na politizaci tzv. problému dvou kultur v poválečné Velké Británii, která vedla ke změně britské vědní politiky a k reformám britského systému vzdělání. Závěrečná část studie pak věnuje pozornost individuálním zájmům těch členů edinburského Oddělení pro studium vědy, kteří stáli za bezprostředním vznikem silného programu. (shrink)

Studie nejprve stručně rekapituluje obsah knihy Mariana Kuny (Etika a politika v perspektivě Alasdaira MacIntyra) a snaží se ji kriticky zhodnotit. Poté se krátce věnuje dvěma tématům, klíčovým jak pro MacIntyra, tak pro jmenovanou knihu: otázce „univerzálních ctností“ a otázce pravdy. Zdá se totiž, že právě tyto dvě oblasti nejsou ani u jednoho ze zmiňovaných autorů uspokojivě řešeny.The study summarizes the book by Marian Kuna (Etika a politika v perspektivě Alasdaira MacIntyra) and aims to critically evaluate it. Then (...) it gives a brief account of two topics crucial to both MacIntyre and Kuna: the problem of “universal virtues” and the problem of truth. It seems that neither of these is handled adequately in the works of the mentioned authors. (shrink)

K. Lüscher, M. Sánchez, A. Klimczuk, Generations, intergenerational relationships, generational policy: A multilingual compendium, 12 languages, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz 2016, 300pp.

In this article, we trace the diversification of Ottoman political vocabulary from the eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth in a time of dynastic restoration and administrative modernization. We focus particularly on the transformation of the concept siyâset (rule, politics) which had been in use in Muslim polities for centuries, and the emergence, in the late eighteenth century, of the word politika which has come to be used alongside siyâset since then. In making sense of this bifurcation, we demonstrate that (...) the Ottoman elite conceptions of politics were not simply replaced by the European conceptions. Rather, the equivalence of siyâset and politika was clearly contested by Ottoman statesmen, and the political terminology of rule and administration evolved in tandem with the material transformation of the Ottoman dynasty and state. (shrink)