Recent studies on the effects of mandatory online teaching, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, have widely reported low levels of satisfaction, unwillingness to continue online teaching, and negative impacts on the psychological well-being of teachers. Emerging research has highlighted the potential role of psychological need thwarting, in terms of autonomy, competence, and relatedness thwarting, resulting from online teaching. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate and delayed effects of PNT of online teaching on teachers’ well-being, intention to (...) continue online teaching, and job satisfaction. Moreover, data collected from both cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys allowed for a systematic validation of an important instrument in the field of teacher psychology, the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale of Online Teaching, in terms of longitudinal reliability and validity. The data reveal the usefulness of the construct of PNT in terms predicting and explaining teachers’ willingness to continue using online teaching as well as the degree of burnout after a period of 2 months, such that PNT is positively associated with burnout and negatively associated with willingness to continue online teaching. As such, the PNTSOT is recommended for future research evaluating the long-term psychological, affective, and intentional outcomes stemming from teachers’ PNT. Moreover, based on our findings that the impact from PNT of online teaching is persistent and long-term, we suggest that school leaders provide flexible and sustained professional development, model respectful and adaptive leadership, and create opportunities for mastery for the development of community of practice that can mitigate the thwarting of teachers’ autonomy, competence, and relatedness during times of uncertainty. Additionally, in terms of the psychometric properties of the PNTSOT instrument, our empirical findings demonstrate internal reliability, test–retest reliability, measurement invariance, and criterion validity based on cross-sectional and longitudinal data. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic has pressed a pause button on global economic development, and induced significant mental health problems. In order to demonstrate the progressed relationship between the pandemic, economic slowdown, and mental health burden, we overviewed the global-level gross domestic product changes and mental problems variation since the outbreak of COVID-19, and reviewed comprehensively the specific sectors influenced by the pandemic, including international trade, worldwide travel, education system, healthcare system, and individual employment. We hope to provide timely evidence to help (...) with the promotion of policymakers’ effective strategies in mitigating economic losses induced by the pandemic; we suggest different governments or policy makers in different countries to share information and experience in dealing with COVID-19-induced economic slowdown and promote COVID-19 vaccine popularization plan to protect every individual worldwide against the coronavirus essentially; and we appeal international information share and collaboration to minimize stigmatization related to adverse mental consequences of COVID-19 and to increase mental health wellbeings of people all over the world. (shrink)

本书从现代美育理论研究入手、评论著名美学人物、提出把“完美功利主义”作为中国美学现代传统的想法、并对这种现代传统进行阐述。.

本书论述了中国各时代的音乐美学思想,包括:氏族社会时期的音乐审美意识、上古三代的音乐审美意识、汉代的音乐审美艺术等章节。.

本书从时代特征出发,通过大量生动的事实,以及马克思、恩格斯、列宁、毛泽东、邓小平和江泽民同志的著作,论述了马克思主义不断发展的理论。.

L’amitié connaît un regain de faveur dans la Chine ancienne à partir des Song, avec l’attractivité sans précédent du système des examens mandarinaux dans les milieux savants. Mais quoi de plus éloigné, en apparence, du rapport égalitaire auquel nous associons l’amitié que le système foncièrement hiérarchisant que sont les examens? Le cas de la session de 1057 offre une vue exceptionnelle sur les possibilités du déploiement de l’amitié dans un contexte de sociabilité très hiérarchisée, à travers les rapports de l’examinateur (...) en chef Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修 (1007-1072), d’un des sous-examinateurs Mei Yaochen 梅堯臣 (1002-1060) et d’un jeune lauréat, Su Shi 蘇軾 (1037-1101). En croisant les perspectives de l’histoire littéraire, de l’histoire politique et de l’histoire administrative, nous nous demandons d’abord comment les échanges poétiques ont pu créer un cadre amical parmi les examinateurs dans un contexte institutionnel inévitablement tendu, et finalement favoriser une action commune. Nous nous interrogeons ensuite sur les circonstances qui ont permis à l’amitié déjà ancienne de Ouyang Xiu et Mei Yaochen de s’approfondir à la faveur d’un échange poétique, et dans quelle mesure le prestige de cet échange a pu accroître le renom de Mei Yaochen. Quant aux lettres de remerciement de Su Shi, nous examinons comment a pu se créer à travers elles une « affinité élective » entre les deux examinateurs et le jeune lauréat. (shrink)

本书按着人生自然发展的步骤,深刻地分析、研究人生的九个方面。读者可从中学到,应该怎样做人、怎样生活、怎样使自己有价值和留有好的名声,成为一个真、善、美的人。.

美感教育的實施，不可避免必須面對「不同主體之間的美感」可能存在殊異性的問題，本書試圖立於互為主體性的基礎，論述一種「共鳴美感」的新視野，並描繪出臺灣美感教育的未來可能新願景。首先，筆者先透過美感教育相 關議題之探討，析論推動美感教育可能面臨的潛在難題與挑戰，其次，針對問題而論述出一種「共鳴美感經驗」之理念，以作為解決構想；最後，透過實際個案來闡述「共鳴美感」在課程教學中的可能樣貌，包含：以「共鳴」的 「共感性」作為「美育課程實踐」的核心；以「共鳴」的「協同性」作為「教學藝術體現」的策略；以「共鳴」的「他者性」作為形塑「自我主體認同」之途徑。.

本书把对儒道释修养和境界的研究深入到中国古代诗歌意境的生成问题和艺术的结构生成问题之上、从而将人生境界与艺术境界进行有机联系,展示了修养美学“天人合一”的、及“乐天、同天”的人生境界。.

本书共十章。主要章目:形式美在思想教育中的功能,用美的形态陶冶军人情操,建立思想政治工作和谐的审美关系、美学与两个文明建设。.

Ben shu shi cai yuan pei xian sheng guan yu gong min dao de xiu yang fang mian de dai biao zuo, Zhu yao shou lu ta zui wei zhong yao de dao de si xiang dai biao zuo pinzhong xue xiu shen jiao ke shu hehua gong xue xiao jiang yi, Bing shou lu cai yuan pei qi ta you guan dao de xiu yang de ling san wen zhang, Chong fen ti xian le cai yuan pei (...) xian sheng dui yu xian dai zhong guo ren ying ju you de dao de su yang de zong ti gou xiang. (shrink)

이 글은 금문독존이라는 프리즘을 통해 하휴가 금문독존을 지향하는 이유와 그의 공양학 계승 및 그의 대표이론인 삼과구지설을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 삼는다. 그리고 그와 동시에 하휴 금문독존의 정치적 의미를 찾아보는 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 얻은 결론은 다음 세 가지로 정리할 수 있다.BR첫째, 하휴가 금문독존에 골몰한 이유는 『춘추곡량전』과 『춘추좌씨전』의 계속된 도전으로 쇠퇴일로를 걷고 있던 금문경학을 지켜내어야 할 학파적 의무 때문이었다. 춘추공양학의 주류를 계승한 그가 기존 공양학의 단점, 즉 사법(師法)과 가법(家法)으로 인한 경직화와 번쇄화를 호무생과 동중서의 공양학을 통해 극복하고자 한 것도 그의 자각적인 학파적 의무 (...) 때문이었다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 동시에 금문독존을 지향하는 것이 유학의 종사인 공자의 정신과 사상을 수호하는 길이라 보았기 때문이다. 고문경학이 주공을 추종하는데 비해 금문경학은 공자를 육경의 저작자요, 수명한 소왕(素王)으로 여겨 존숭하기 때문이다.BR둘째는 하휴의 공양학 계승 부분으로, 하휴도 이전 공양학자들처럼 철저하게 존왕론을 견지했음을 확인할 수 있었다. 게다가 그가 존왕론의 핵심인 대일통도 계승하여 천하가 천자를 중심으로 하는 일원화된 체제를 갖추는 것이 이상적이라 생각했음도 알 수 있었다. 외척과 환관의 정권농단과 군벌들의 발호로 혼란한 정국을 타계하는 유일한 길이 황권의 회복에 있었다고 보았기 때문이다. 하휴가 공양학파의 존왕론과 대일통 이론을 계승한 이유가 여기에 있다.BR셋째는 하휴의 핵심 이론인 삼과구지설에 관한 것으로, 하휴는『춘추공양전』과 호무생의 조례 및 동중서의 공양학을 종합하여 기존의 삼통설과 삼세설 및 이 내외설을 하나의 체계 속에 통합시켰다. 그리하여 삼통설을 통해서는 역사와 왕조의 순환원리를 구축했고, 또 이를 통해 _춘추_를 신왕에 배치시켜 이상적인 통치 모델을 만들었다. 또 삼세설을 통해서는 공자가 직접 본 정공과 애공 시대를 중심으로 『춘추』의 서법을 통해 포폄을 진행하고 있었다. 그리고 이내외설을 통해서는 역사는 쇠란→승평→태평으로 진행되면서 발전한다는 진보적 역사관을 구축했다.BR그러나 그럼에도 불구하고 하휴가 처한 동한 말의 상황은 하휴가 구축한 이론과 정반대 상황이었다. 그러므로 하휴의 역사진화발전사관은 일종의 문치태평(文致太平)이라 할 수 있다. 실제적인 역사가 그렇다는 것이 아니라 마땅히 그러해야 한다는 당위였던 것이다. 이렇게 볼 때 하휴의 금문독존은 철저하게 공자의 정신을 지키고 발양하고자 한 것이라 평가할 수 있다. 그리고 동시에 황제를 중심으로 하는 일원화된 통치질서를 구축함으로써 그가 직면하고 있는 사회정치적 혼란을 극복하고자 한 것이라 말할 수 있다. 그가 구축한 ‘삼과구지설’ 등 다양한 이론들은 이를 위한 힘겨운 노력이라 할 수 있다. (shrink)

本书以律师法制建设为主题,围绕律师角色定位、辩护律师权利、律师执业道德与责任这一主旨,收录了40多篇论文,包括“控辩和谐论”、“论辩护权的存在根据”、“论律师对法庭的真实义务”等文章。.

Ben shu yi jian ming e yao de bi chu xiang du zhe ti gong le yi fu quan jing shi de xi fang mei xue li shi hua juan.Qi nei rong han gai cong gu xi la,Luo ma zhi dao 20 shi ji de xi fang mei xue si xiang he li lun cheng guo,Qi zhong yi li lun xing tai de mei xue si xiang wei zhu gan,Tong shi she ji wen xue yi shu yi ji she (...) hui feng shang suo ti xian de shen mei yi shi. (shrink)

This essay examines the multifaceted roles of drinking parties in early Greece and in medieval China. It takes as paradigm examples descriptions of ritual intoxication in Plato’s Laws and in the poetry of Ouyang Xiu and Mei Yaochen, arguing that these divergent cultural and philosophical traditions can be both related and made distinct through concepts of pleasure, creativity, and social harmony.

Ben shu gong you ba jiang zu cheng, fen bie shi sheng ren bi ke xue er zhi, Wang Yangming de xin xue ti xi, shi gong yu bing xue, wen xue si xiang yu shi wen chuang zuo, jiao yu si xiang yu shi jian, Yangming hou xue, Yangming xue zai jin xian dai de ying xiang, Yangming wen hua yu Guizhou lü you. Mei ge lun ti lun shu ji zhong, shen du shi zhong, xu shu (...) xing yu yan tong su liu chang, gu shi xing qiang, hen shi he da zhong du zhe yue du. wei qi fa du zhe si kao, zeng qiang yue du xiao guo, zai mei yi jiang zhi hou shi liang she zhi le yi xie ming ci jie shi, jian da tao lun ti. ling pei he xiang guan wen zi, she zhi le yi xie tu pian, bei ke he Yangming shu fa zuo pin deng, ju you ji jia de guan shang xing. (shrink)

Ben shu yi Ming ru Li Cai de jiang xue huo dong yu xue pai jian gou wei zhong xin, tan tao cong shi liu shi ji chu dao shi qi shi ji mo li xue qun ti zhong xin xing xue shuo he xue pai de chan sheng, chuan bo, kuo zhan yu chuan cheng de mo shi, bing zhuo zhong cong si xiang shi de jiao du jie shi zhe zhong mo shi chan sheng he yun xing de (...) si xiang gen yuan yu nei zai dong li. Quan shu zheng wen gong qi zhang, zhu yao nei rong fen wei shang xia liang bian, shang bian yi hong guan zong lun de fang shi, cong li xue jing dian "Da xue" de wen ben bian dong he quan shi jing zheng qie ru, tan tao zhong wan Ming li xue xue shuo he xue pai jian gou de li lun gen ju; xia bian yi Li Cai de "zhi xiu" xue shuo ji qi jiang xue huo dong zuo wei ge an yan jiu, tan tao li xue xue shuo he xue pai de chuan bo ji chuan cheng de she hui hua tu jing. (shrink)

Ben shu shou lu le zi 1500 nian yi lai, Zhongguo, Riben, Hanguo he Ou Mei di qu gong kai chu ban, fa biao de Yangming xue ji qi xiang guan xue shuo de wen xian mu lu, gong ji 5 wan yu tiao. Quan shu fen wei 10 juan. Qi zhong, di yi, er juan shou lu Zhong,Ri, Han san guo ji Ou Mei di qu yan jiu Yangming xue de zhong yao wen xian, bing an zhao (...) yu yan lei xing, fen wei Zhong wen wen xian, Ri wen wen xian, Han wen wen xian he Ying wen wen xian si ge bu fen; Di san zhi shi juan shou lu Zhongguo yan jiu Yangming xue de xiang guan wen xian, bing an nian du he xue ke fen lei cheng juan. (shrink)

本书收入其论著22种. 主要有《经学通论》, 《中国文学史略论》, 《三礼述要》, 《旧唐书札迻》等.

Sustainable development of enterprises has attracted the attention of scholars and practitioners. Green entrepreneurship, as an important way to provide eco-friendly products and solve environmental problems, is a key way for the sustainable development of enterprises. However, due to the disadvantage faced by enterprises in pursuing costly sustainable actions, existing research on whether green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) can bring about sustainable performance improvement has not yet reached a consensus, and the path and mechanism of transforming GEO into sustainable performance also (...) need further exploration. Based on the Natural-Resource-Based View (NRBV), Entrepreneurial Orientation Theory and Dynamic Capability View (DCV), this study examines the impact of GEO on sustainable performance, the mediating role and chain mediating role of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition (EOR), and business model innovation (BMI). The results based on 207 agricultural enterprises reveal that: (a) GEO positively influences economic performance, environmental performance, and social performance; (b) EOR and BMI play mediating roles in the above relationships; (c) GEO can also indirectly affects sustainable performance through the chain mediating effect of EOR and BMI. The research results provide a new theoretical perspective for understanding the key antecedents of sustainable performance of enterprises, further open the “black box” of the mechanism between GEO and sustainable performance, expand the NRBV, Entrepreneurial Orientation Theory and DCV, and provide practical implications for green transformation in the agricultural sector and promoting its sustainable development. (shrink)

While the argument of Plato’s Cratylus supports both the claim that there is a natural correctness of names and the claim that correct names need not be descriptions or imitations of their referents, the protagonists of the Cratylus find it infeasible to reconcile these two claims. In my paper, I account for this puzzling observation by elaborating a novel interpretation of the Cratylus. I show that the protagonists of the Cratylus are unable to make sense of the results of their (...) joined investigation because they rely on a mistaken preconception of what a correct name is. Based on this diagnosis, I contend that Plato wants his readers to comprehend and overcome the dialectical predicament of his protagonists. I thus illuminate both the internal logic of the Cratylus and the philosophical agenda Plato pursues in staging a dialogue with this particular internal logic. (shrink)

As the medium of human-computer interaction, it is crucial to correctly and quickly interpret the motion information of surface electromyography. Deep learning can recognize a variety of sEMG actions by end-to-end training. However, most of the existing deep learning approaches have complex structures and numerous parameters, which make the network optimization problem difficult to realize. In this paper, a novel PSO-based optimized lightweight convolution neural network is designed to improve the accuracy and optimize the model with applications in sEMG signal (...) movement recognition. With the purpose of reducing the structural complexity of the deep neural network, the designed convolution neural network model is mainly composed of three convolution layers and two full connection layers. Meanwhile, the particle swarm optimization is used to optimize hyperparameters and improve the autoadaptive ability of the designed sEMG pattern recognition model. To further indicate the potential application, three experiments are designed according to the progressive process of body movements with respect to the Ninapro standard data set. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed PLCNN recognition method is superior to the four other popular classification methods. (shrink)

Global justice or the lack thereof has internal connections with global poverty. Global justice is an ideal pursuit of cosmopolitanism, which regards basic human needs as its rightful object. The right to life, from the point of view of global justice, is the most fundamental in the list of Human Rights. International anarchy and the current international economic order, however, cast a utopian shadow on the realization of this right when we consider the de facto institutions and the ostensible goal (...) of impartial love for everyone. Humanitarian aid is another approach to the problem of contemporary global poverty. Its difficulty lies first in people’s different conceptions of obligation and donation. They consider the former as duty while the latter is seen to lie beyond the call of duty. Second, in terms of a correlation between right and duty, since everyone has the right to life, the duty falls accordingly upon organizations or individuals. Meanwhile, donation as duty is not perfect obligation, thus is not compulsory either. Finally, international humanitarian aid is constrained by nationalism and partial love. Hence, in the light of either government or individual, the humanitarian aid approach is beset with challenges. Global justice has gained academic importance worldwide since John Rawls’ later works. By contrast to domestic justice, it is a theory of justice that proposes to include all human beings. Global justice stands for a kind of utopian justice in regard to both the institutional path and the humanitarian aid approach. I shall examine the theory of global justice under these two aspects. (shrink)

This book provides a novel interpretation of the Aristotelian understanding of work in light of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. In a world of changing work patterns and the global displacement of working lifestyles, the nature of human identity and work is put under great strain. Modern conceptions of work have been restricted to issues of utility and necessity, where aims and purposes of work are reducible to the satisfaction of immediate technical and economic needs. Left unaddressed is the larger (...) narrative context in which humans naturally seek to understand a human contribution to and responsibility for themselves, others and being as a whole. What role does human work play in the development of the world itself? Is it merely a functional activity or does it have a metaphysical and ontological calling? "Heidegger, Work, and Being" elucidates Heidegger's philosophy of work, providing a novel interpretation of the Aristotelian understanding of work in relation to Heidegger's ontology and notion of thanking. Todd S. Mei employs Heidegger's hermeneutical approach to a critique and reconstruction of an understanding of work to show that work, at its core, is an activity centred on thanking and mutual recognition. "Continuum Studies in Continental Philosophy" presents cutting-edge scholarship in the field of modern European thought. The wholly original arguments, perspectives and research findings in titles in this series make it an important and stimulating resource for students and academics from across the discipline. (shrink)

This chapter argues about the distinction of Ricoeur's hermeneutical philosophy as it bears on questions of socio-political import. In particular it examines how Ricoeur's dialectical approach is able to maintain a theoretical balance between antinomies, such as universality and particularity, tradition and emancipation, and relativism and absolutism. The chapter also provides an overview of each chapter contribution and how the book contents contribute to an overall thesis on Ricoeur's socio-political thought.

Meaningful work refers to the idea that human work is an integral part of the way we think of our lives as going well. The concept is prevalent in sociology and business studies. In philosophy, its discussion tends to revolve around matters of justice and whether the State should take steps to eradicate meaningless work. However, despite the breadth of the recent, general literature, there is little to no discussion about how it is in fact the case that work is (...) meaningful. There is a basic assumption that certain facts about work make it meaningful. After noting the shortcomings in the literature, this essay argues that we can better understand the production of meaning in work by an analogy to speech acts. Using Paul Ricoeur’s theory of action as discourse, one can see how meaning is predicated in the performance of work in ways that are locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. (shrink)

This paper reports part of a longitudinal research project, which sought to capture students’ conceptualization of caring practice as they progressed to different levels of study in a nursing diploma programme in Hong Kong. Model emulation was found to be an effective means of focusing students’ learning processes on the moral aspects of nursing practice. The theory of model emulation from a Chinese perspective and how it is applied to create a learning context to allow students to acquire a moral (...) sense of nursing are discussed. The participating students are invited to be sincere enquirers in the pursuit of the good embedded in practice through introspective self-examination and dialogue. They are asked to describe and share their experience of positive and negative examples of nursing in written accounts. Van Kaam’s phenomenological method was adopted to explicate the good and bad constituents of nursing from these examples, with the students assuming an active role in the explication process. The explication reveals that the students were able to articulate the good and bad practices in a variety of patient care situations. (shrink)