Individuals' capacity to participate in leisure activities is contingent upon their ability to overcome obstacles. It is worthwhile to investigate how individuals perceive constraints on their leisure activities participation during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study demonstrates that the connotation of leisure constraints during pandemic includes personal health concerns, shock on economic revenue, reduced freedom of travel, and inconvenience associated with epidemic prevention. Reduced travel freedom is the most influential factor on participation intentions, followed by personal health concerns. Significant differences in (...) perceptions of constraints are observed between groups with different characteristics. (shrink)

Tow Philosophical book in one. written in Persian(Farsi) language. this book is describing the faces of Metaphysics like Idealism with all branches like Religions, Rationalism, Platoon, Rene Descartes and all other philosophers in group of Rationalism like Alexander Koere, Kant, Socrates, Kierkegaard, Wilhelm Leibniz etc... and their philosophy systems. Writer strongly believe that, the Metaphysics in different ways act against Humanity and all existence, so this book is telling the reader what is Metaphysics and why it's updating itself every minutes (...) against Human in whole of lands and even why it is against Existence? Descartes, Alexander Koyré and Wilhelm Leibniz are just 3 Philosophers in Rationalism group. But it's clear why Alexanders book is translated to Persian with more than 3000 copies in first edition in Iran! and in the same time the religious leader of Iran ordering to take the Philosophy out of Universities! This book can not be publish in Iran as the complete text is describing how and why freedom in Iran has no meaning and thinkers are being executing and terrorizing every day by hand of Metaphysics in this country. in this book we have complete reasons of Idealism with whole of its parts and Religions about existing of God and also philosophical reasons for non existence of God or Gods! possibility of the second Big Bang is one new theory and also another new theory in this book is reasons for that Mind is Material and why whole of Universe is Material and opposite of understanding of Lawrence M. Krauss, Universe came from something ( Material) not Nothing! and this is the exact subject of Sartre Philosopher too. (shrink)

Study on conduct of life of Muslim women and women in Islamic perspective.

This book contributes to both the internal debate in liberalism and the application of political liberalism to the process of democratization in East Asia. Beyond John Rawls’ original intention to limit the scope of political liberalism to only existing and well-ordered liberal democracies, political liberalism has the potential to inspire and contribute to democratic establishment and maintenance in East Asia. Specifically, the book has two main objectives. First, it will demonstrate that political liberalism offers the most promising vision for liberal (...) democracy, and it can be defended against contemporary perfectionist objections. Second, it will show that perfectionist approaches to political Confucianism suffer from practical and theoretical difficulties. Instead, an alternative model of democracy inspired by political liberalism will be explored in order to achieve a multivariate structure for citizens to come to terms with democracy in their own ways, to support a neutral state that ensures the establishment and stability of democracy, and to maintain an active public role for Confucianism to prevent it from being banished to the private sphere. This model represents a more promising future for democracy in East Asia. (shrink)

Michael Sandel has been one of the most powerful critics of liberalism in the past decades. His work, especially in Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, exposes some of the fundamental flaws of Rawlsian liberalism and shows the need for a community-based framework in order for us to adequately understand and appreciate the concept of the individual and just society. Confucians can endorse many of Sandel’s critiques of liberalism. From a Confucian perspective, however, Sandel’s version of communitarianism is nevertheless too (...) thin for a robust communitarian society. Confucians maintain a thick notion of community and take it to be vital to human flourishing. In this essay, I first discuss a key point where Confucians converge with Sandel as an example of the common ground between the two philosophies before turn to one important difference between them. The key point of convergence is about the circumstances of justice; the difference is on harmony. Harmony lies in the very center of the Confucian notion of community, whereas it has been given no place in Sandel’s conception of community. This essay offers a Confucian critique as well as an endorsement of Sandel’s communitarian philosophy. It also extends a friendly invitation to Sandel for him to take harmony into his conception of community. (shrink)

本文对文化的价值多样性进行多元的理解，集中阐述和讨论“文化的价值组合配置”(cultural configurations of values)概念。主要包括以下几个要点：(1)在世界的各种文化中，人类的价值有不同的表现形式，但其基本价值是相似的，甚至相同的。(2)人类的各种基本价值之间不但有互相促进的关系，也有相互矛盾、相互竞 争、相互冲突的关系。(3)一种文化类型提供对相互冲突的价值的一种处理方式。不同的文化形成其各自的价值组合与配置。这种价值的配置与其社会环境相适应，是其文化的核心部分。文化差异性的一个重要方面就是，尽管 所有文化共有这些基本价值，但是他们会给予这些价值不同的权重，形成不同的价值配置形式。(4)有时在同一个社会里，会存在若干“亚文化”，会有不同的价值配置。随着时间的推移，文化和社会都会有改变。虽然它们在 价值组合配置普世化上可能永远无法达成一致，但是它们之间的共同价值为和平共处提供了基础。.

Mental illness stigma is imposed on patients in mental illness stigma mark, mainly referring to the disease and psychological stereotypes lead to the loss of social status and discrimination. Study confirmed the existence of stigma would prevent the patient's treatment and rehabilitation, stigma issues resulting widespread concern in the world health community, which is a hotspot of research on the impact of stigma. Labeling theory and theories of stigma affect the correct label for the analysis of the mechanism; stigma of (...) mental illness and related populations of the various effects can be measured in two ways: public stigma and self-stigma; protest, education and exposure is to reduce the stigma effective way. Chinese culture in the future to carry out the stigma of mental illness, should be closely combined with the stigma of traditional culture analysis of the impact mechanism, and should explore the feasibility of stigma strategies. Mental illness stigma is an ashamed mark attached to people with mental illness, which is the status loss and discrimination triggered by negative stereotypes about people labeled as having mental illness. Some researches have showed that stigma may impede the treating and rehabilitating process of clients. The effect of mental illness stigma is currently a hot subject of research. Labeling theory and modified labeling theory are both the theories of the mechanism of the effect of stigma. Researchers investigate the effects of stigma and the ways of diminishing it from two aspects: public- stigma and self-stigma. The future research orientations in China should be combined with culture analysis. (shrink)

Is it possible, given culturally incongruent perspectives, to validate any common standards of behavior? Is it possible to implement human rights in societies without incorporating the idea into their fabric of culture? Is it possible for cultural communities to survive in the contemporary world without rights protection? This book addresses questions like these in the light of an inventive and original understanding of culture.

100個故事，帶您進入哲學的深邃思想領域，讓您更深層的了解人生！ 羅馬的哲人西塞羅（Cicero）說：「哲學！人生之導師，至善之良友，罪惡之勁敵，假使沒有你，人生又值得什麼！」 本書將帶您步入100個哲學故事，在使您在領略哲學理論的同時，又能真切體味到哲學的韻味。從而使您享受到思想之光的照耀。 書中的每個故事都饒有趣味，極具經典性和代表性，它們濃縮了哲學的精髓。閱讀這些故事，挖掘、汲取含蘊於其中的哲理智慧，不僅可以對哲學的歷史、思想和人物有更真切的理解，還能獲得啟迪，對事業、生活和感情有所幫 助。 本書透過頗具文化韻味的設計、豐富的圖片、簡約大方的版式等各種要素的有機配合，營造了一個輕鬆有趣且充滿文化氣息的閱讀空間，使讀者能感受到文化與藝術的雙重薰陶，獲得一種難以言傳的美妙感受。 無論您是疲倦時，還是休閒時，打開本書，它都將給您最溫馨的感受、智慧的啟迪，在撫慰您精神的同時，讓您的思想得當進一步的昇華。.

华夏美学是指以儒家思想为主体的中华传统美学。作者认为,儒家因有久远浓厚的社会历史根基,又不断吸取,同化各家学说而丰富发展,从而构成华夏文化的主流、基干。.

Unter dem umfangreichen schriftlichen Nachlass von Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz besitzt die im Jahre 1714 in Wien entstandene so genannte Monadologie ohne Zweifel einen herausragenden Stellenwert. Seit ihrer Entstehung und bis in die Gegenwart hinein ist die geradezu hingeworfene Gelegenheitsschrift einer der wirkmachtigsten Schlusseltexte der Leibniz'schen Philosophie geblieben. Ziel dieses Bandes ist es, die Interpretation, Rezeption und Transformation der Monadologie erstmals zu bundeln und ins Verhaltnis zueinander zu setzen. Im Fokus stehen diejenigen Prozesse und Reflexionen, die die Leibniz'sche Monadenlehre im Besonderen (...) und die monadistischen Denkstrukturen im Allgemeinen unter anderem in den Disziplinen Psychologie, Soziologie, Poetik und Kunst nach sich gezogen haben. (shrink)

本书以《墨子》为基础，以浅显的道理，朴实的语言，去阐述墨子话语中所蕴含的深刻哲学，对于现代人生活有着重大的启示，对大家提升自己的做人之道，大有禆益。.

本书为“中华文化人学书系”中之一部,明代中叶以来,中国社会正孕育着巨大的变化,表现在思想领域,则出现种种反抗思潮和极端情绪,明清之间的政权更迭,使得人们加深了对于封建文化的怀疑。.

I at ○ ○四年been published "Philosophy of Thomas Aquinas," the meaning of existence and importance of "a text, and start thinking about writing" from and see "exist" and "personality" "article, a total divided into three: First, the concept of things like the meaning and importance of taking the second, by the natural, cultural, religious" realms that "the meaning of I Ching philosophy, three by of the structure of personality form and develop. Due to space constraints, therefore, published only the first (...) paragraph and second paragraph of this article. Since "'The Meaning and Importance of Being' in Thomas Aquinas's Philosophy" was published in 2004, the writer has been thinking about and writing this article, "On Being and Personality in the Light of Yi-Jing and Yi-Zhuan." This paper comprises of three parts: first, the meaning and importance of "taking in images in contemplation of the outside world;" second, on the immanence of the Zhou-Yi philosophy through the doctrine of three realms-nature, humanism and religion; and third, on the formation and cultivation of personality in terms of the structure of Yi-Jing. (shrink)

本书以儒家经学基本价值观的确立与演变为根本线索，考察秦汉时期价值观变迁的历程，将其概括为秦及西汉初年基本价值观的建构、“独尊儒术”与儒家经学基本价值观的确立、两汉之际儒家经学基本价值观的修正与批评、东 汉后期价值观的变易与多元呈现等不同的发展阶段，就基本价值观逐渐确立到内部修正再到走向衰微的历程作了细致考察。.

本书是作者的一些理论文章的汇集。内容有《应该怎样评价洛克的物性论》、《第三大人学问题》等文章。.

本书是作者的一些理论文章的汇集。内容有《应该怎样评价洛克的物性论》、《第三大人学问题》等文章。.