Gene expression network is also a type of complex network. It is challenging to analyze the gene expression network through relevant knowledge and algorithms of a complex network. In this paper, the existing characteristics of genes are analyzed from various indexes of the gene expression network to analyze key genes and TOP genes. Firstly, gene chip data are screened, gene data with obvious characteristics are selected, and relevant clustering characteristics are analyzed. Then, the complex gene network structure is established, and (...) gene networks with different threshold shapes and different sizes are selected. Finally, the relevant indexes and PR values after the PageRank algorithm are analyzed for complex networks under different thresholds, thus establishing the TOP gene and PR sequence. (shrink)

The study is based on validating and exploring the effects of a mega project plan on infrastructure development and Sustainable Project Management. The CPEC has great importance to infrastructure development and economy-boosting. The current study's primary aim is to deal with environmental protection, economic boost up, international relations influencing to the Project's success. The paper also addressed project management as a moderator between environmental protection, economic boost up, international relations, and the CPEC project's success. The primary data has been gathered (...) by using questionnaires, and PLS-SEM has been employed for the analysis. The results revealed that environmental protection, economy boost up, and international relations have a positive association with the success of CPEC. The outcomes also exposed that project management moderating among the nexus of economy boosts up the international relations and success of CPEC. The present study results guided how Pakistan and China make the CPEC project stronger with the efficient implementation of practices required for protecting the environment, with the economic growth and boost up, and good strong relations with foreign countries. This study was an attempt to validate the different factors to check their association with each other in a new environment, resulting in a leading edge for the success of mega projects that influence project management. (shrink)

While previous studies have examined front-line teachers’ written feedback practices in second language (L2) writing classrooms, such studies tend to not take teachers’ language and sociocultural backgrounds into consideration, which may mediate their performance in written feedback provision. Therefore, much remains to be known about how L2 writing teachers with different first languages (L1) enact written feedback. To fill this gap, we designed an exploratory study to examine native English-speaking (NES) and non-native English-speaking (NNES) (i.e., Chinese L1) teachers’ written feedback (...) practices in the Chinese tertiary context. Our study collected 80 English as a foreign language (EFL) students’ writing samples with teacher written feedback and analyzed them from three aspects: Feedback scope, feedback focus, and feedback strategy. The findings of our study revealed that the two groups of teachers shared similar practices regarding feedback scope and feedback strategies. Both NES and NNES EFL teachers used a comprehensive approach to feedback provision, although NNES teachers provided significantly more feedback points than their NES peers and they delivered their feedback directly and indirectly. However, their practices differed greatly with regard to feedback focus. Specifically, when responding to EFL students’ writing, NES teachers showed more concern with global issues (i.e., content and organization), whereas NNES teachers paid more attention to linguistic errors. With a surge in the recruitment of expatriate NES and local NNES English teachers in China and other EFL countries, our study is expected to make a contribution to a better understanding of the two groups of EFL teachers’ pedagogical practices in written feedback provision and generate important implications for their feedback provision. (shrink)

本卷收入胡适哲学与文化方面的论文、函牍、讲演、札记80余篇。其中包括实验主义、我们对于西洋近代文明的态度等重要文章。所收文章全面反映了胡适哲学思想、学术主张和对于中西文化的态度,对于了解和研究胡适本人 以及现代中国学术史、现代中国启蒙运动等内容。.

Although the efficacy of teacher written feedback has been widely investigated, relatively few studies have been conducted from feedback practitioners' perspectives to investigate teachers' beliefs regarding it, particularly compare beliefs held by teachers with different sociocultural and linguistic backgrounds. Consequently, much remains to be known about teachers' conceptions about written feedback, who has different first languages. To bridge such a gap, we conducted this qualitative study to examine the similarities and differences between native English-speaking and non-native English-speaking teachers' beliefs in (...) Chinese University EFL settings. We analyzed the in-depth interviews with eight teachers through thematic analysis. The findings showed that NES and NNES teachers espoused a range of beliefs in relation to the five themes of written feedback: Purpose, scope, focus, strategy, and orientation. While they shared similar beliefs with regard to feedback focus, their beliefs differed in terms of feedback scope. Important implications are discussed for educational practices. (shrink)

In recent years, while extensive researches on various networks properties have been proposed and accomplished, little has been proposed and done on network robustness and node vulnerability assessment under cascades in directed large-scale online community networks. In essential, an online directed social network is a group-centered and information spread-dominated online platform which is very different from the traditional undirected social network. Some further research studies have indicated that the online social network has high robustness to random removals of nodes but (...) fails to the intentional attacks, particularly to those attacks based on node betweenness or node directed coefficient. To explore on the robustness of directed social network, in this article, we have proposed two novel node centralities of ITG and I M p v. These two new centrality models are designed to capture this cascading effect in directed online social networks. Furthermore, we also propose a new and highly efficient computing method based on iterations for I M p v. Then, with the abundant experiments on the synthetic signed network and real-life networks derived from directed online social media and directed human mobile phone calling network, it has been proved that our ITG and I M p v based on directed social network robustness and node vulnerability assessment method is more accurate, efficient, and faster than several traditional centrality methods such as degree and betweenness. And we also have proposed the solid reasoning and proof process of iteration times k in computation of I M p v. To the best knowledge of us, our research has drawn some new light on the leading edge of robustness on the directed social network. (shrink)

ZusammenfassungDas Verhältnis zwischen Fichtes WL und Schleiermachers Reden wurde heftig diskutiert. Dieser Aufsatz hält den Einfluss von Fichtes Wissenschaftslehre auf Schleiermacher für nicht stichhaltig. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass es verschiedene Modelle der Beziehung zwischen dem Gefühl und dem Absoluten bei Fichte und bei Schleiermacher gibt: Fichte betrachtet das „Gefühl der Abhängigkeit“ vom Absoluten oder vom absoluten Sein als eine Selbstvernichtung der formalen Freiheit, während Schleiermacher zufolge das Individuum mit dem Absoluten im Gefühl vereinigt wird.

本书分为神话与诉讼,历史与诉讼,故事与诉讼,制度法理,学术争鸣,法学教育,治学人生等八辑,收录了剧与诉的随想,正义之舞,游戏与诉讼,圣殿骑士的死亡密码,走向刑事宪法,法官权力之源与品格之治,法国法学教 育三题,关问于山水之间等文章.

Minimizers are widely acknowledged cross-linguistically to denote a minimal quantity, extent or degree. With respect to minimizers in Mandarin Chinese, Shyu claims that their so-called negative polarity is purely syntactically determined and is facilitated by the lian…dou EVEN construction. Within the framework of Dynamic Syntax which allows for interaction between syntactic, semantic and pragmatic information, we demonstrate that the total negation is actually derived from the interaction between syntax, semantics and pragmatics, rather than being determined by purely syntactic means.

Window opening behavior in residential buildings has important theoretical significance and practical value for improving energy conservation, indoor thermal comfort, and indoor air quality. Climate and cultural differences may lead to different window opening behavior by residents. Currently, research on residential window opening behavior in northwest China has focused on indoor air quality, and few probabilistic models of residential window behaviors have been established. Therefore, in this study, we focused on an analysis of factors influencing window opening behavior and the (...) establishment of a predictive model for window opening behavior. Four typical residential buildings in different locations and building types in Xi’an were selected. The indoor and outdoor environments and window opening states were measured. Subsequently, a multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine the factors that had a significant effect on window opening behavior. Single- and multiparameter logistic regression models for window opening behavior were established. Of all the measured factors, we found that indoor temperature and CO2 concentration, outdoor temperature, and relative humidity had significant effects on window opening behavior, and indoor relative humidity and noise did not. Meanwhile, the temperature was positively correlated with the window opening probability, whereas indoor CO2 concentration and outdoor relative humidity were negatively correlated. The prediction accuracy of the multiparameter model was promising, at almost 75%, and the model can provide theoretical support for modelling residential buildings in Xi’an. (shrink)

Die durch Kants Philosophie ausgelöste "kopernikanische Wende" beschränkt das Wissen auf die empirische Welt. Dies macht die Gotteserkenntnis problematisch. Schleiermacher übernimmt die Grundgedanken Kants und sieht damit Gott auch als ein unerkennbares "Ding an sich". In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Frage, wie man einen Zugang zu Gott finden kann, zum gemeinsamen Problem ihrer Religionshilosophie. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die Gemeinsamkeiten und die Unterschiede zwischen Kant und Schleiermacher in Bezug auf die Unerkennbarkeit Gottes. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass Kant die Moral (...) als Zugang zu Gott sieht, aber die apriorische Gotteserkenntnis nicht aufgibt. Dagegen leugnet Schleiermacher jede Möglichkeit der apriorischen Gotteserkenntnis; die Eigenschaften Gottes werden allein aus dem ursprünglichen religiösen Gefühl abgeleitet"-- Back cover. (shrink)

Zusammenfassung Schleiermachers Theorie der Erbsünde wird gewöhnlich als Abkehr von Augustinus verstanden. Diese Behauptung ist unhaltbar. Eine genauere Untersuchung wird zeigen, dass Schleiermachers Kritik an Augustinus darauf abzielt, Augustins Lehre von der Erbsünde logisch kohärent und widerspruchsfrei zu machen und die Gefahr eines manichäischen Dualismus so weit wie möglich zu umgehen. Darüber hinaus wird gezeigt, dass Schleiermachers Lehre von der Erbsünde in hohem Maße kohärent und in sich konsistent ist, da die folgenden Ideen Schleiermachers philosophische und theologische Schriften durchdringen: die (...) Untrennbarkeit der transzendentalen Freiheit von den sinnlichen Trieben, die Untrennbarkeit von Materie und Form und die Untrennbarkeit von Gott und Welt. Auf diese Weise können wir den Geist von Schleiermachers Lehre der Erbsünde besser verstehen. (shrink)

本书内容包括20世纪90年代以后的生态社会主义概述, 20世纪90年代以后的生态社会主义的新变化与动因, 20世纪90年代以后的生态社会主义的主要新观点——反思与批判, 生态社会主义的实践和启示等.

本书是研究马克思主义哲学的成果汇集。这些成果从马克思主义哲学的视域,对当代重大现实问题和理论问题进行了认真的研究.

This article examines several aspects of the appreciation of Chinese calligraphy, seeking to address two questions. First, what are the aesthetic objects in its appreciation? And second, how can we characterize the process of coming to understand calligraphic works? The answers, I contend, can be found in classical texts on this art. I hold that the aesthetic objects in the experience of a calligraphic work are twofold: the outer form and the inner qualities. This is analogous to what Noël Carroll (...) understood as the object of aesthetic experience, that is, the formal and/or expressive properties.1 I propose that calligraphy appreciation can be understood as a process of retrieval, a term I take from Richard... (shrink)

胡適（1891-1962），安徽績溪人。原名嗣穈，後改名胡適，字適之，曾用筆名希彊、臧暉等。新文化運動的奠基人與領袖之一，倡導約翰・杜威的實用主義。1917年回國任教北大，參與編輯《新青年》《努力周報 》《獨立評論》等雜誌，先後擔任中華民國駐美大使、國立北京大學校長、台北「中央研究院」院長等職，著有《中國哲學史大綱》《嘗試集》《胡適文存》等書，並獲諾貝爾文學獎提名。.

Conventional Chinese calligraphy criticism displays a tendency toward what in Western art discourse is known as "formalism," an aesthetic doctrine that claims formal properties to be the proper focus of the study of art. Kang Youwei, a noted calligrapher, scholar, and political reformer, writes that "calligraphy is a study that rests on [its] configuration."1 Kang's dictum suggests two interpretations: first, practicing calligraphy should focus on its xing ; second, appreciating and evaluating calligraphy should concentrate on its xing.In classical calligraphy criticism, (...) discourses on xing inevitably involve another important aesthetic term, shi. For... (shrink)

人人都有一雙藝術家的眼睛。 「不論你曾崇仰何人何物，並以誰為師，最後你必須回到你自己本身。 藝術從未遠人，只是人遠離了他真正的自己。 在都市中，我們先失去了我們的眼睛，然後我們失去了一切。」－史作檉 本書為史作檉談論藝術美學文章集結，強調人人都有藝術家的眼睛，只在於人們失去了觀看的方式與純粹的初衷。 共分四大篇九章節，從藝術本質談起，援引賈克梅第、康丁斯基、蒙德里安、李德等藝術家創作，從繪畫、雕塑、音樂，旁述及顏氏篆書中的圖形特性，進臻至哲學美學、形上美學，淺明清晰，在一本書的閱讀時間裡就可在繁多 的藝術理論中找到自己的「眼睛」與觀看角度。.

Ecological innovation is an inevitable trend for firms to enhance competitiveness and sustainably operate in the context of green economy. The previous literature has rarely discussed the influence of ambidextrous learning on the eco-innovation performance of startups and ignored the moderating effect of top management’s environmental awareness from the perspective of microscopic psychology. We have conducted a questionnaire survey on 212 firms established within 4 years in the Pearl River Delta of China, using the structure mode and the PROCESS by (...) Hayes (2013) to analyze the influence of ambidextrous learning, such as exploratory learning and exploitative learning, by startups on eco-innovation performance and verify the moderating effect of top management’s environmental awareness. The results show that: exploratory learning and exploitative learning have a positive and significant influence on eco-innovation performance, indicating that the organizational learning of startups is conducive to improving eco-innovation performance; under the moderating effect of top management’s environmental awareness, the influence of exploratory learning and exploitative learning on eco-innovation performance may differ. The results also show that in the process of organizing ambidextrous learning, startups should help raise the environmental awareness of top management to improve the eco-innovation performance, thus providing guidance for startups to carry out eco-innovation activities and for local governments to make decisions on green economy. (shrink)

Facsimile of miscellaneous Persian and Arabic texts in Mullā Ṣadrā's handwriting.