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Let S denote the variety of Sugihara algebras. We prove that the lattice (K) of subquasivarieties of a given quasivariety K S is finite if and only if K is generated by a finite set of finite algebras. This settles a conjecture by Tokarz [6]. We also show that the lattice (S) is not modular.

Offers a reading of philosopher David Hume regarding his views on practical reason. Arguments of Hume for his conception of practical reason; View of Hume on the influencing motives of the will; Approach of Hume on the standards of practical reasoning.

Haeckels theory of recapitulation shall be extended by the following rule: During the ontogenetical recapitulation of the phenotypical effects, the recapitulation of the phylogenetical natural selection factors according to the genotypical potentials is a condition of manifestation. The phylogenetical natural selectionfactor produces the activation of the gen as ontogenetical manifestation-stimulus. Factor of natural selection is the one of the extern or intern environment to which has happened the adaption in the phylogenesis. Concerning the intern environments the phenotypical effect of the (...) preliminary phase of development is not only the phylogenetical factor of natural selection according to the genotypical potential of the following phase of development, but also the ontogenetical stimulus of manifestation for the phenotypical effect of the following phase of development. Phenotypical effects can present themselves as stimulus-dependencial modifications, which are bound to the manifestation-stimulus and cease after its disappearence. They can also present themselves as stimulus-independencial lasting modifications, which become independent from the manifestation-stimulus and remain preserved after its ceasing, because the gen once activated by the stimulus reproduces itself in the state of being activated and is so transmitted during the multiplication of cells from cell to cell and during the multiplication of organisms from generation to generation. This view gives new chances for interpretating causal connections of the phylogenetical evolution and involution as well as new possibilities for an explanation of evolutionary mechanism of maturation and of involutionary mechanism of ageing in the ontogenesis and also the occuring appearences of acceleration and retardation.DieHaeckel'sche Rekapitulationstheorie wird durch die folgende Rekapitulationsregel erweitert: Bei der ontogenetischen Rekapitulation der erscheinungsbildlichen Leistungen ist die Rekapitulation der phylogenetischen Auslesefaktoren der entsprechenden erbildlichen Fähigkeiten Manifestationsbedingung. Der phylogenetische Auslesefaktor bewirkt als ontogenetischer Manifestationsreiz die Genaktivierung. Auslesefaktor ist derjenige Faktor der äusseren oder inneren Umwelt, an den in der Phylogenese die Anpassung erfolgt ist. Im Bereich der inneren Umwelt ist daher die erscheinungsbildliche Leistung der vorhergehenden Entwicklungsstufe sowohl der phylogenetische Auslesefaktor für die erbbildliche Fähigkeit der nachfolgenden Entwicklungsstufe als auch der ontogenetische Manifestationsreiz für die erscheinungsbildliche Leistung der nachfolgenden Entwicklungsstufe. Die erscheinungsbildlichen Leistungen können als reizabhängige Modifikation auftreten, die also vom Manifestationsreiz abhängig bleibt und nach seinem Aufhören auch wieder verschwindet, sie können aber auch als reizunabhängige Dauermodifikation auftreten, die also vom Manifestationsreiz unabhängig wird und nach seinem Aufhören erhalten bleibt, weil das durch den Reiz einmal aktivierte Gen sich im Status des Aktiviertseins bei der Zellvermehrung von Zelle zu Zelle und bei der Vermehrung der Organismen von Generation zu Generation fortpflanzt. Damit ergeben sich neue Möglichkeiten einer Deutung der Kausalzusammenhänge bei der phylogenetischen Evolution und Involution, sowie neue Ansätze einer Erklärung des Evolutionsmechanismus der Reifung und des Involutionsmechanismus des Alterns in der Ontogenese, sowie der dabei auftretenden Erscheinungen der Acceleration und der Retardation. (shrink)

In a paper recently published in this quarterly I argued that modern quantum physics, as an integrated system of laws, supplements and completes in purely quantitative terms the fragmentary order of first-person experience, removing in a unique way ambiguities otherwise encountered at the level of common-sense things; and I contended that the choice of a different selective operator—purpose or value, let us say, rather than quantity—might entail an entirely different range and system of order. It is now my intention to (...) follow up this contention and to indicate at least in outline form some of the implications and possibilities of such a program; for it is possible that this undertaking may bring into new perspective some of the crucial problems which have vexed philosophers at all times when they have dealt with normative propositions and moral judgments. (shrink)