The paper studies the ethics of withholding information about an impending layoff and describes those situations in which managerial secrecy might be justified. It describes a layoff situation in which a manager has the latitude to decide what information to release and when, lists the reasons managers commonly give for withholding the information and analyzes each reason from a consequentialist and a Kantian perspective. The paper uses Sisela Bok''s analyses of lying and secrecy to create the prima facie case against (...) secrecy in the situation. (shrink)

Célestin Freinet était un innovateur, et ses racines pédagogiques et intellectuelles expliquent les origines de ses idées, celles du Mouvement Freinet.

The eighth-century Latin manuscript Milan, Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana, L 99 Sup. contains fifteen palimpsest leaves previously used for three Greek scientific texts: a text of unknown authorship on mathematical mechanics and catoptrics, known as the Fragmentum Mathematicum Bobiense (three leaves), Ptolemy's Analemma (six leaves), and an astronomical text that has hitherto remained unidentified and almost entirely unread (six leaves). We report here on the current state of our research on this last text, based on multispectral images. The text, incompletely preserved, (...) is a treatise on the construction and uses of a nine-ringed armillary instrument, identifiable as the “meteoroscope” invented by Ptolemy and known to us from passages in Ptolemy's Geography and in writings of Pappus and Proclus. We further argue that the author of our text was Ptolemy himself. (shrink)

Resumo: O presente artigo apresenta uma epítome da dissertação “Os pressupostos filosóficos e os imperativos fundamentais da teoria crítica incipiente de Herbert Marcuse: em torno dos ensaios da ZfS (1937-1941). (SALDANHA, 2020)”. Essa pesquisa buscou identificar os traços distintivos da teoria crítica que Marcuse esboça nos ensaios publicados na Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung entre 1937-1941, tendo acedido a duas conclusões gerais: 1) que essa teoria se baseia em dois pressupostos filosóficos maiores, a saber, a dialética hegeliana e a crítica de economia (...) política de Marx; 2) que os referidos ensaios sugerem quatro tópicos cuja crítica seria impreterível para uma teoria genuinamente crítica da sociedade capitalista. Buscarei reconstituir a análise textual que levou às conclusões acima, descrevendo o contexto histórico-filosófico dos ensaios, suas premissas filosóficas mais importantes e os seus quatro tópicos fundamentais de análise. Tais tópicos constituem uma espécie de espinha dorsal da teoria crítica marcuseana da época e nos fornecem uma adequada chave de leitura para os seus ensaios. Palavras-chave: Teoria Crítica; Trabalho Alienado; Capitalismo; Liberdade; Marcuse. A key to understand Marcuse’s essays (1937-1941) Abstract: This paper provides a synthesis of the research entitled Autor. This research sought to identify the distinctive features of critical theory that Marcuse outlines in his 1937-1941 essays, reaching two major conclusions: 1) Marcusean theory is based on two philosophical assumptions, namely, Hegelian dialectics and Marx's critique of political economy; 2) Marcuse’s essays suggest four topics whose critique is imperative for a genuinely critical theory of capitalist society. I will try to reconstruct the textual analysis that led to the aforementioned conclusions, by analyzing the essays’ historical-philosophical context, their chief philosophical premises, and their four fundamental topics. I argue these topics constitute a kind of backbone of Marcuse's critical theory, and they provide us with an adequate key to comprehend his 1937-1941 essays. Keywords: Critical Theory; Alienated Labor; Capitalism; Freedom; Marcuse. Una clave para entender los ensayos de Marcuse (1937-1941) Resumen: Este artículo presenta una síntesis de la investigación Autor. Esta investigación buscó identificar las características distintivas de la teoría crítica que Marcuse esboza en sus ensayos de 1937-1941, habiendo llegado a dos conclusiones principales: 1) la teoría marcusiana se basa en dos premisas filosóficas, la dialéctica hegeliana y la crítica de la economía política de Marx; 2) los ensayos antes mencionados sugieren cuatro temas cuya crítica es imperativa para una teoría genuinamente crítica de la sociedad capitalista. Intentaré reconstruir el análisis textual que condujo a las conclusiones antes mencionadas, analizando el contexto histórico-filosófico de los ensayos, sus principales premisas filosóficas y sus cuatro temas fundamentales. Argumento que estos temas constituyen una especie de columna vertebral de la teoría crítica de Marcuse y nos brindan una clave adecuada para comprender sus ensayos de 1937-1941. Palabras clave: Teoría Crítica; Trabajo Enajenado; Capitalismo; Libertad; Marcuse. Data de registro: 01/08/2023 Data de aceite: 20/09/2023. (shrink)

Strong Al presupposes (1) that Super-Searle (henceforth ‘Searle’) comes to know that the symbols he manipulates are meaningful , and (2) that there cannot be two or more semantical interpretations for the system of symbols that Searle manipulates such that the set of rules constitutes a language comprehension program for each interpretation. In this paper, I show that Strong Al is false and that presupposition #1 is false, on the assumption that presupposition #2 is true. The main argument of the (...) paper constructs a second program, isomorphic to Searle’s, to show that if someone, say Dan, runs this isomorphic program, he cannot possibly come to know what its mentioned symbols mean because they do not mean anything to anybody. Since Dan and Searle do exactly the same thing, except that the symbols they manipulate are different, neither Dan nor Searle can possibly know whether the symbols they manipulate are meaningful (let alone what they mean, if they are meaningful). The remainder of the paper responds to an anticipated Strong Al rejoinder, which, I believe, is a necessary extension of Strong Al. (shrink)

Este artículo matiza la aplicación del concepto de “cibercampaña” en el Sur de Europa a partir de dos encuestas sobre el uso de las herramientas digitales y el consumo de información política en Internet durante la campaña electoral de 2008 en España. La primera encuesta fue dirigida a los internautas en general y la segunda a quienes se conectaron con una alta frecuencia y llamamos internautas intensivos. Comparamos estos resultados con los de la población española y del extranjero. Entre los (...) hallazgos destacan: el bajo uso de los recursos disponibles en la Red (no atribuible al grado de implantación de las nuevas tecnologías), el policonsumo de información política a partir de múltiples medios, con inercias heredadas del consumo mediático tradicional y la escasa importancia de los dispositivos más interactivos. Estos rasgos son imputables a ciertos desequilibrios entre la demanda ciudadana y la oferta de las herramientas tecnológicas y los contenidos que los actores políticos vehiculan en Internet durante las elecciones. También constatamos la existencia de una minoría de cibernautas muy activa que resulta importante en términos cualitativos y que justifica el empleo electoral de la Red. Sin embargo, los internautas más intensivos apenas muestran más interés ni mayor participación telemática en la cibercampaña, evidenciando así sus limitaciones. (shrink)

Horace, Satires 1.3.117–23, as transmitted: adsitregula, peccatis quae poenas inroget aequas,ne scutica dignum horribili sectere flagello.nam ut ferula caedas meritum maiora subire 120uerbera non uereor, cum dicas esse paris resfurta latrociniis et magnis parua minerisfalce recisurum simili te, si tibi regnumpermittant homines.Let there be a rule to impose fair penalties for transgressions, lest you pursue with terrible scourge one deserving but the stick. You see, I don't fear that you will strike with a schoolmaster's rod one who has earned more (...) serious lashing when you say mere thefts are of a pair with brigandage and threaten to trim little things and great with like sickle, would the world but grant you power. Horace is attacking the Stoics for their doctrine that all sins are equal. The overall run of sense must be that given above. If kept, the ut of line 120 must then have the value of ne: were it allowed its normal meaning in expressions of fear the opposite of what is required would be said. The oddity of the construction was long excused as a sort of anacoluthon, provoked by the postponement of uereor. Such defences of the received text were rightly criticised by Palmer and Housman: ‘incredible’, they both concluded, and indeed it is incredible that Horace could have in such a short space forgotten what he had written, and forgotten it in such a way as to say the opposite of what he meant. (shrink)

El propósito de la presente nota crítica consiste en examinar la concepción que Leo Strauss y José Ortega y Gasset elaboraron de la historia de la filosofía. Se trata, por tanto, de explorar la imagen que presentaron de dicha historia, una imagen de carácter general y que no repara en aspectos concretos. En la primera parte exponemos la concepción straussiana de la historia de la filosofía. En la segunda parte nos ocupamos de la concepción orteguiana de la historia de la (...) filosofía. Para concluir realizamos un análisis comparativo de una y otra concepción. (shrink)

Resumen: En este trabajo se parte de las tesis de Foucault sobre la integración de ciertos dispositivos de control y de un régimen médico-sexual en el Derecho, que definieron las identidades de los sujetos, para explicar el modo en que estos mecanismos han influido en la regulación jurídica de los cambios de identidad de género. Asimismo, se detalla cómo la medicalización de las identidades por parte del Derecho contradice la evolución del concepto de género. A partir de este análisis, el (...) artículo propone una reflexión sobre algunos cambios legislativos recientes y sobre los puntos de encuentro y desencuentro entre las diversas corrientes al objeto de defender un nuevo discurso justificatorio capaz de reinterpretar los conceptos de autonomía y autodeterminación sexual.Abstract: Taking into account Foucault’s thesis about security dispositives and the medical-sexual regime within law, which have defined the identity of subjects, this paper focus on how these have influenced the legal regulation of gender identity changes. Furthermore, it also focus on how the medicalization of gender identities contrasts with the meaning of concept provided by gender studies. Thus, an examination of recent regulatory changes and the crossing points among the former theories is proposed with a view to promote new meanings and justify discourses in order to reinterpret the concepts of autonomy and sexual self-determination. (shrink)

A mathematical model of the natural origin of our universe is presented. The model is based only on well-established physics. No claim is made that this model uniquely represents exactly how the universe came about. But the viability of a single model serves to refute any assertions that the universe cannot have come about by natural means.