Results for 'Todd Shepard'

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  1. Against vanilla history: why and how histories of sexual acts could matter to intellectual historians.Todd Shepard - 2024 - In Stefanos Geroulanos & Gisèle Sapiro, The Routledge handbook in the history and sociology of ideas. New York: Routledge.
  2.  74
    The Extreme Right and the Arab Man: the Obsession with Algeria and Virility.Todd Shepard - 2009 - Clio 29:37-57.
    Pendant et juste après l’explosion de 1968, l’extrême droite, au moins dans ses publications, a réussi à reconvertir son obsession algérienne – de la « trahison » de l’Algérie français à la description des hommes Algériens comme une menace pour la France d’alors – dans l’élaboration de grilles d’analyse reposant sur un registre sexué et sexuel permettant de comprendre « Mai » : c’est-à-dire à la fois les événements eux-mêmes et la crise générale qui minait la France.
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  3.  76
    Shepard's mirrors or Simon 's scissors?Peter M. Todd & Gerd Gigerenzer - 2001 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (4):704-705.
    Shepard promotes the important view that evolution constructs cognitive mechanisms that work with internalized aspects of the structure of their environment. But what can this internalization mean? We contrast three views: Shepard's mirrors reflecting the world, Brunswik's lens inferring the world, and Simon 's scissors exploiting the world. We argue that Simon 's scissors metaphor is more appropriate for higher-order cognitive mechanisms and ask how far it can also be applied to perceptual tasks. [Barlow; Kubovy & Epstein; (...)]. (shrink)
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  4. Introduction.Patrick Todd & John Martin Fischer - 2015 - In John Martin Fischer & Patrick Todd, Freedom, Fatalism, and Foreknowledge. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 01-38.
    This Introduction has three sections, on "logical fatalism," "theological fatalism," and the problem of future contingents, respectively. In the first two sections, we focus on the crucial idea of "dependence" and the role it plays it fatalistic arguments. Arguably, the primary response to the problems of logical and theological fatalism invokes the claim that the relevant past truths or divine beliefs depend on what we do, and therefore needn't be held fixed when evaluating what we can do. We call the (...)
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  5. Conceptualizing the (dis)unity of science.Todd A. Grantham - 2004 - Philosophy of Science 71 (2):133-155.
    This paper argues that conceptualizing unity as "interconnection" (rather than reduction) provides a more fruitful and versatile framework for the philosophical study of scientific unification. Building on the work of Darden and Maull, Kitcher, and Kincaid, I treat unity as a relationship between fields: two fields become more integrated as the number and/or significance of interfield connections grow. Even when reduction fails, two theories or fields can be unified (integrated) in significant ways. I highlight two largely independent dimensions of unification. (...)
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  6. Pragmatist Metaethics: Moral Theory as a Deliberative Practice.Todd Lekan - 2006 - Southern Journal of Philosophy 44 (2):253-271.
    The paper defends a pragmatist account of metaethics that challenges the standard view of justificatory structure at the heart of many rule-based normative ethical theories. The standard view of justificatory structure assumes that deliberation must be constrained by antecedent justificatory procedures. I consider some of the radical implications of the pragmatist idea that deliberation is the conceptual context within which to interpret, evaluate, and explain moral justification.
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  7. Imaginability, morality, and fictional truth: Dissolving the puzzle of 'imaginative resistance'.Cain Samuel Todd - 2009 - Philosophical Studies 143 (2):187-211.
    This paper argues that there is no genuine puzzle of ‘imaginative resistance’. In part 1 of the paper I argue that the imaginability of fictional propositions is relative to a range of different factors including the ‘thickness’ of certain concepts, and certain pre-theoretical and theoretical commitments. I suggest that those holding realist moral commitments may be more susceptible to resistance and inability than those holding non-realist commitments, and that it is such realist commitments that ultimately motivate the problem. However, I (...)
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  8.  62
    Building the Theory of Ecological Rationality.Peter M. Todd & Henry Brighton - 2016 - Minds and Machines 26 (1-2):9-30.
    While theories of rationality and decision making typically adopt either a single-powertool perspective or a bag-of-tricks mentality, the research program of ecological rationality bridges these with a theoretically-driven account of when different heuristic decision mechanisms will work well. Here we described two ways to study how heuristics match their ecological setting: The bottom-up approach starts with psychologically plausible building blocks that are combined to create simple heuristics that fit specific environments. The top-down approach starts from the statistical problem facing the (...)
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  9. Where in the brain is the self?Todd E. Feinberg & Julian Paul Keenan - 2005 - Consciousness and Cognition 14 (4):671-678.
    Localizing the self in the brain has been the goal of consciousness research for centuries. Recently, there has been an increase in attention to the localization of the self. Here we present data from patients suffering from a loss of self in an attempt to understand the neural correlates of consciousness. Focusing on delusional misidentification syndrome , we find that frontal regions, as well as the right hemisphere appear to play a significant role in DMS and DMS related disorders. These (...)
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  10. A Logical Approach to Reasoning by Analogy.Todd R. Davies & Stuart J. Russell - 1987 - In John P. McDermott, Proceedings of the 10th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI'87). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. pp. 264-270.
    We analyze the logical form of the domain knowledge that grounds analogical inferences and generalizations from a single instance. The form of the assumptions which justify analogies is given schematically as the "determination rule", so called because it expresses the relation of one set of variables determining the values of another set. The determination relation is a logical generalization of the different types of dependency relations defined in database theory. Specifically, we define determination as a relation between schemata of first (...)
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  11.  66
    Learning and connectionist representations.David E. Rumelhart & Peter M. Todd - 1993 - In David E. Meyer & Sylvan Kornblum, Attention and Performance XIV: Synergies in Experimental Psychology, Artificial Intelligence, and Cognitive Neuroscience. MIT Press. pp. 3--30.
  12. Quasi-realism, acquaintance, and the normative claims of aesthetic judgement.Cain Samuel Todd - 2004 - British Journal of Aesthetics 44 (3):277-296.
    My primary aim in this paper is to outline a quasi-realist theory of aesthetic judgement. Robert Hopkins has recently argued against the plausibility of this project because he claims that quasi-realism cannot explain a central component of any expressivist understanding of aesthetic judgements, namely their supposed ‘autonomy’. I argue against Hopkins’s claims by contending that Roger Scruton’s aesthetic attitude theory, centred on his account of the imagination, provides us with the means to develop a plausible quasi-realist account of aesthetic judgement. (...)
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  13. Explanatory pluralism in paleobiology.Todd A. Grantham - 1999 - Philosophy of Science 66 (3):236.
    This paper is a defense of "explanatory pluralism" (i.e., the view that some events can be correctly explained in two distinct ways). To defend pluralism, I identify two distinct (but compatible) styles of explanation in paleobiology. The first approach ("actual sequence explanation") traces out the particular forces that affect each species. The second approach treats the trend as "passive" or "random" diffusion away from a boundary in morphological space. I argue that while these strategies are distinct, some trends are correctly (...)
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  14.  41
    Evolutionary psychology: Ultimate explanations and panglossian predictions.Todd A. Grantham & Shaun Nichols - 1999 - In Valerie Gray Hardcastle, Where Biology Meets Psychology: Philosophical Essays. MIT Press. pp. 47--66.
  15.  24
    Lehrer Reading Reid.D. D. Todd - 1991 - Dialogue 30 (1-2):103-.
    Lehrer's “reason for writing this book is that the philosophy of Thomas Reid is widely unread, while the combination of soundness and creativity of his work is unexcelled.” The book contributes to the ongoing Reid revival. Chapter 1 presents an overview of Reid's life and works and the last, Chapter 15, gives Lehrer's appraisal of Reid's philosophy. Chapter 2, “Beyond Impressions and Ideas,” outlines Reid's “refutation of what he called the Ideal System” of impressions and ideas that dominated philosophy from (...)
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  16.  44
    Moore: G.E. Moore and the Cambridge Apostles. By Paul Levy. London. Wiedenfeld and Nicolson, 1979. Pp. xv, 335.D. D. Todd - 1981 - Dialogue 20 (4):822-824.
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  17.  40
    Realism and Truth Michael Devitt Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984. Pp. ix, 250. $25.00.D. D. Todd - 1987 - Dialogue 26 (1):180-.
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  18.  54
    Review. Greek law. The justice of the Greeks. R Sealey.S. C. Todd - 1996 - The Classical Review 46 (2):291-292.
  19. V. 5.Tom Brooking & Todd M. Thompson - 2021 - In Eugenio F. Biagini, A cultural history of democracy. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
     
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  20. Disorders of perception and awareness.Martha J. Farah & Todd E. Feinberg - 2000 - In Martha J. Farah & Todd E. Feinberg, Patient-Based Approaches to Cognitive Neuroscience. MIT Press.
     
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  21. Against consequentialist theories of virtue and vice.Todd Calder - 2007 - Utilitas 19 (2):201-219.
    Consequentialist theories of virtue and vice, such as the theories of Jeremy Bentham and Julia Driver, characterize virtue and vice in terms of the consequential, or instrumental, properties of these character traits. There are two problems with theories of this sort. First they imply that, under the right circumstances, paradigmatic virtues, such as benevolence, are vices and paradigmatic vices, such as maliciousness, are virtues. This is conceptually problematic. Second, they say nothing about the intrinsic nature of the virtues and vices, (...)
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  22. The problem with Reid's direct realism.Todd Buras - 2002 - Philosophical Quarterly 52 (209):457-477.
    There is a problem about the compatibility of Reid's commitment to both a sign theory of sensations and also direct realism. I show that Reid is committed to three different senses of the claim that mind independent bodies and their qualities are among the immediate objects of perception, and I then argue that Reid's sign theory conflicts with one of these. I conclude by advocating one proposal for reconciling Reid's claims, deferring a thorough development and defence of the proposal to (...)
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  23.  92
    Why the mind is not a radically emergent feature of the brain.Todd E. Feinberg - 2001 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 8 (9-10):123-145.
    In this article I will attempt to refute the claim that the mind is a radically emergent feature of the brain. First, the inter-related concepts of emergence, reducibility and constraint are considered, particularly as these ideas relate to hierarchical biological systems. The implications of radical emergence theories of the mind such as the one posited by Roger Sperry, are explored. I then argue that the failure of Sperry's model is based on the notion that consciousness arises as a radically emergent (...)
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  24.  93
    Promoting a just education: Dilemmas of rights, freedom and justice.Sharon Todd - 2007 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 39 (6):592–603.
    This paper identifies and addresses some dilemmas to be faced in promoting educational projects concerned with human rights. Part of the difficulty that human rights education initiatives must cope with is the way in which value has been historically conferred upon particular notions such as freedom and justice. I argue here that a just education must grapple head‐on with the conceptual dilemmas that have been inherited and refuse to shy away from the implications of those dilemmas. To do this I (...)
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  25. Category learning through active sampling.Doug Markant & Todd M. Gureckis - 2010 - In S. Ohlsson & R. Catrambone, Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society. pp. 248--253.
     
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  26.  97
    A new account of Berkeley's likeness principle.Todd Ryan - 2006 - British Journal for the History of Philosophy 14 (4):561 – 580.
  27.  50
    Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence.Todd C. Moody - 1993 - Prentice-Hall.
    An exploration of the important philosophical issues and concerns related to artificial intelligence. The book focuses on the philosphical, rather than the technical or technological aspects of artificial intelligence.
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  28. Counterfactual conditionals and the presuppositions of induction.William Todd - 1964 - Philosophy of Science 31 (2):101-110.
    In this paper I will argue that Professor Goodman was correct in thinking that there is a problem concerning counterfactual conditionals, but that it is somewhat different from the problem he thought it to be, and is one that is even more basic. I will also try to show that this problem is distinct from Hume's "problem" of induction, and that additional assumptions have to be made for counterfactual induction beyond those required for other kinds of induction.
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  29. Three Grades of Immediate Perception: Thomas Reid’s Distinctions.Todd Buras - 2008 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 76 (3):603–632.
    1. Introduction. Like other direct realists, Thomas Reid offered an alternative to indirect realist and idealist accounts of perception. Reids alternative aimed to preserve the indirect realists commitment to realism about the objects of perception, and the idealists commitment to the immediacy of the minds relation to the objects of perception. Reid holds that what you perceive is mind independent or external; and your relation to such objects in perception is direct or immediate. In his own words, something which is (...)
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  30. The apparent banality of evil: The relationship between evil acts and evil character.Todd Calder - 2003 - Journal of Social Philosophy 34 (3):364–376.
  31. To Do Justice: A Guide for Progressive Christians.Rebecca Todd Peters & Elizabeth Hinson-Hasty - 2008
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  32.  95
    Moscow nights.Ron Wilburn, Todd Jones & David Beisecker - 2001 - The Philosophers' Magazine 15 (15):30-31.
  33. When is a deleuzian becoming ?Todd May - 2003 - Continental Philosophy Review 36 (2):139-153.
    Much has been written recently about the Deleuzian concept of becoming. Most of that writing, especially in feminist criticism, has drawn from the later collaborations with Guattari. However, the concept of a becoming arises earlier and appears more consistently across the trajectory of Deleuze's work than the discussion of specific becomings might lead one to believe. In this paper, I trace the concept of becoming in Deleuze's work, and specifically in the earlier works. By doing so, I hope to shed (...)
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  34.  49
    From Low‐Lying Roofs to Towering Spires: Toward a Heideggerian understanding of learning environments.Todd C. Ream & Tyler W. Ream - 2005 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 37 (4):585–597.
    This article explores the significance that environments play in terms of the learning process. In the United States, the legacy of John Dewey's intellectual efforts left a theoretical understanding that views the architectural composition of learning environments as instrumental mediums which house the educational process. This understanding of learning environments is precipitated by a separation of human agents as subjects and their environments as objects. By contrast, Martin Heidegger's theory of ontology, and its reconfiguration of the subject and object relationship, (...)
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  35. Constraints and spandrels in Gould's structure of evolutionary theory.Todd A. Grantham - 2004 - Biology and Philosophy 19 (1):29-43.
    Gould's Structure ofEvolutionary Theory argues that Darwinism hasundergone significant revision. Although Gouldsucceeds in showing that hierarchicalapproaches have expanded Darwinism, hiscritique of adaptationism is less successful. Gould claims that the ubiquity of developmentalconstraints and spandrels has forced biologiststo soften their commitment to adaptationism. Iargue that Gould overstates his conclusion; hisprincipal claims are compatible with at leastsome versions of adaptationism. Despite thisweakness, Gould's discussion of adaptationism –particularly his discussions of the exaptivepool and cross-level spandrels – shouldprovoke new work in evolutionary theory and (...)
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  36.  49
    Reid on colour.Todd Stuart Ganson - 2002 - British Journal for the History of Philosophy 10 (2):231 – 242.
  37. Forcing and stable ordered–union ultrafilters.Todd Eisworth - 2002 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 67 (1):449-464.
    We investigate the effect of a variant of Matet forcing on ultrafilters in the ground model and give a characterization of those P-points that survive such forcing, answering a question left open by Blass [4]. We investigate the question of when this variant of Matet forcing can be used to diagonalize small filters without destroying P-points in the ground model. We also deal with the question of generic existence of stable ordered-union ultrafilters.
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  38.  67
    Staving off catastrophe: A critical notice of Jerry Fodor's psychosemantics.Todd Jones - 1991 - Mind and Language 6 (1):58-82.
  39.  82
    Philosophy as a spiritual exercise in Foucault and Deleuze.Todd May - 2000 - Angelaki 5 (2):223 – 229.
  40.  72
    Guilt, suffering and responsibility.Sharon Todd - 2001 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 35 (4):597–614.
    This paper examines the moral significance of guilt in the context of how students confront the suffering of another. Within social-justice education, such confrontations are often staged in pedagogical efforts to encourage students to assume social responsibility. Frequently, however, the guilt that students claim to endure as a result of these pedagogical encounters is not perceived to be of much ethical import. By exploring the psychoanalytic work of Melanie Klein and the ethical philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas, this essay argues that (...)
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  41. Digital Rights and Freedoms: A Framework for Surveying Users and Analyzing Policies.Todd Davies - 2014 - In Luca Maria Aiello & Daniel McFarland, Social Informatics: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference (SocInfo 2014). Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 8851. pp. 428-443.
    Interest has been revived in the creation of a "bill of rights" for Internet users. This paper analyzes users' rights into ten broad principles, as a basis for assessing what users regard as important and for comparing different multi-issue Internet policy proposals. Stability of the principles is demonstrated in an experimental survey, which also shows that freedoms of users to participate in the design and coding of platforms appear to be viewed as inessential relative to other rights. An analysis of (...)
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  42. Analogy.Todd Davies - 1985 - In CSLI Informal Notes Series, IN-CSLI-4. Center for the Study of Language and Information.
    This essay (a revised version of my undergraduate honors thesis at Stanford) constructs a theory of analogy as it applies to argumentation and reasoning, especially as used in fields such as philosophy and law. The word analogy has been used in different senses, which the essay defines. The theory developed herein applies to analogia rationis, or analogical reasoning. Building on the framework of situation theory, a type of logical relation called determination is defined. This determination relation solves a puzzle about (...)
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  43.  21
    Conceptual blending, narrative discourse, and rhetoric.Todd V. Oakley - 1998 - Cognitive Linguistics 9 (4):321-360.
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  44.  19
    Simulation and evaluation of chemical synthesis—SECS: An application of artificial intelligence techniques.W. Todd Wipke, Glenn I. Ouchi & S. Krishnan - 1978 - Artificial Intelligence 11 (1-2):173-193.
  45. A Behavioral Perspective on Technology Evolution and Domain Name Regulation.Todd Davies - 2008 - Pacific McGeorge Global Business and Development Law Journal 21 (1):1-25.
    This paper argues that private property and rights assignment, especially as applied to communication infrastructure and information, should be informed by advances in both technology and our understanding of psychology. Current law in this area in the United States and many other jurisdictions is founded on assumptions about human behavior that have been shown not to hold empirically. A joint recognition of this fact, together with an understanding of what new technologies make possible, leads one to question basic assumptions about (...)
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  46. The Aesthetic Turn in Green Marketing: Environmental Consumer Ethics of Natural Personal Care Products.Anne Marie Todd - 2004 - Ethics and the Environment 9 (2):86-102.
    Green consumerism is on the rise in America, but its environmental effects are contested. Does green marketing contribute to the greening of American consciousness, or does it encourage corporate greenwashing? This tenuous ethical position means that eco-marketers must carefully frame their environmental products in a way that appeals to consumers with environmental ethics and buyers who consider natural products as well as conventional items. Thus, eco-marketing constructs a complicated ethical identity for the green consumer. Environmentally aware individuals are already guided (...)
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  47.  37
    What CBS wants: How groups can have (difficult to uncover) beliefs.Todd Jones - 2001 - Philosophical Forum 32 (3):221-251.
  48.  70
    Simple inference heuristics versus complex decision machines.Peter M. Todd - 1999 - Minds and Machines 9 (4):461-477.
  49.  85
    Tragic dilemmas and the priority of the moral.Todd Bernard Weber - 2000 - The Journal of Ethics 4 (3):191-209.
    My purpose in this paper is to argue that we are not vulnerableto inescapable wrongdoing occasioned by tragic dilemmas. I directmy argument to those who are most inclined to accept tragicdilemmas: those of broadly Nietzschean inclination who reject``modern moral philosophy'''' in favor of the ethical ideas of theclassical Greeks. Two important features of their project are todeny the usefulness of the ``moral/nonmoral distinction,'''' and todeny that what are usually classified as moral reasons always oreven characteristically ``trump'''' nonmoral reasons in anadmirable (...)
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  50. The New Enlightenment: Critical Reflections on the.A. Todd Franklin - 2002 - In Robert L. Simon, The Blackwell Guide to Social and Political Philosophy. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 271.
     
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