Like proper names, demonstratives, and definite descriptions, pronouns have referential uses. These can be 'essentially indexical' in the sense that they cannot be replaced by non-pronominal forms of reference. Here we show that the grammar of pronouns in such occurrences is systematically different from that of other referential expressions, in a way that illuminates the differences in reference in question. We specifically illustrate, in the domain of Romance clitics and pronouns, a hierarchy of referentiality, as related to the topology of (...) the grammatical phase. Our explanation is based on extending the 'Topological Mapping Hypotheses' of Longobardi and Sheehan & Hinzen. The extended topology covers the full range of interpretations, from purely predicative to quantificational, to referential and deictic. Along this scale, grammatical complexity increases, and none of these forms of reference is lexical. This provides evidence for the foundational conclusion that the source of essential indexicality is grammatical rather than lexical, semantic or pragmatic. (shrink)

The author deciphers Nietzsche's most enigmatic work as Zarathustra's epic campaign to save secular culture from degradation in the godless world. In this epic reading, the ostensibly atheistic work turns out to be a profound religious text. This revelation is breathtaking and edifying.

Jaina interpretation of Tarkasaṅgraha of Annambhaṭṭa, work on Hindu logic ; includes Sanskrit commentary.

Leibniz's basic concept of 'harmony' as a 'diversitas identitate compensata' is not only a type of hermeneutical key to nearly all of his philosophical writings and of his thinking in general that he gave us since, let's say, the early Confessiophilosophi from about 1672. Rather it is, as I will try to make evident in the following paper, an expression of a thoroughgoing concept of thinking in early Modern Philosophy from the Renaissance onwards. I will try to outline here three (...) main topics which independently from the fact that we will find all of these topics included in the 'quaestiones' and 'articuli' of an ordinary 'cursus philosophicus' in this period worked as a framework in particular in the philosophical discussion of non-scholastic thinkers, namely 1) the theory of mind, 2) cosmology and 3) universal science or 'mathesis universalis'. In each of them I will analyse influences, at least possible influences, on the thinking of Leibniz. Thus I will discuss arguments of Nicolaus Cusanus, Marsilio Ficino and Charles de Bouelles concerning the first point, again Nicolaus Cusanus, Ives de Paris and Heinrich Bisterfeld concerning the second, and methodology in general concerning the last point. (shrink)

Paradise Understood: New Philosophical Essays about Heaven systematically investigates heaven, or paradise, as conceived within theistic religious traditions such as Rabbinic Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It considers a variety of topics concerning what life in paradise would, could, or will be like for human persons. The collection offers novel approaches to questions about heaven of perennial philosophical interest, and breaks new ground by expanding the range of questions about heaven that philosophers have considered. The contributors wrestle with questions about human (...) life in paradise that span the spectrum of the major subfields of philosophical enquiry. By employing both historical and contemporary philosophical resources, the volume makes a pioneering contribution toward answering pressing questions about human life in paradise. It will serve as a platform for future research, reinvigorating philosophical investigation into these neglected topics within philosophy of religion. (shrink)

Издание посвящено проблемам образной семантики, которые затрагивают четыре явления - когнитивные модели сравнительных конструкций, метафорические структуры языка, культурно значимая фразеология и поэтический дискурс.

The question of form and content is one of the fundamental questions of esthetics and the theory of art. However, it remains unresolved in many respects. Certain of its aspects still have not been investigated, and others have been treated only very sketchily.