U drugom dijelu članka »Neki od problemskih aspekata ‘Projekta svjetski etos’« autor pokušava istaknuti daljnje kritičke momente samog Projekta. K ovim kritičkim točkama pripadaju, između ostalog, Küngov pojednostavljeni pogled na pojedine etos-tradicije, nadalje tu su političke implikacije Projekta te na kraju upitna mogućnost praktične primjene temeljnih teza projekta uopće. Pojedine su etos-tradicije prema našem mišljenju mnogo složenije nego li to autor Hans Küng vidi. Njegovu tezu da moralne norme pojedinih religija ukazuju prvotno na ono što on označava pod pojmom ‘Humanum’, (...) smatramo isto tako neodrživom. Također se pojavljuju problemi kada se radi o političkim implikacijama Projekta: tezu – religije igraju odlučujuću ulogu u stvaranju jednog globalnog, političkog mira – smatramo također neodrživom, upravo zbog toga jer sama politika prije religije ovdje igra puno važniju ulogu. Sve ovo upućuje na to da Projekt stupa na svoje granice upravo tamo gdje se radi o praktičnoj primjeni njegovih glavnih teza.Im zweiten Teil des Aufsatzes „Einige von den problematischen Aspekten des ,Projekts Weltethos’” wird der Versuch unternommen, die weitere problematische Aspekte des Projekts Weltethos hervorheben. Zu diesen weiteren kritischen Punkten gehören unter anderem vereinfachte Sicht der einzelnen Ethos- Traditionen, auch weiter politischen Implikationen des Projekts und am Ende die fragwürdige Möglichkeit der praktischen Anwendbarkeit der zentralen Thesen des Projekts überhaupt. Die einzelne Ethos- Traditionen sind unserer Meinung nach viel komplexer als es Autor Hans Küng sieht. Seine These, dass die moralischen Normen der einzelnen Religionen auf ein Humanum hinweisen, halten wir für unhaltbar. Ebenso ergeben sich die Probleme, wenn es um die politischen Fragen geht: die These – Religionen spielen ausschlaggebende Rolle bei der Schaffung eines globalpolitischen Friedens, finden wir auch als unhaltbar, gerade deswegen, weil selbst Politik vor der Religion hier viel wichtigere Rolle spielt. All das weist darauf hin, dass das Projekt auf seine Grenzen stoßt besonders dort wo es um die praktischen Anwendbarkeiten seiner wichtigen Thesen geht. (shrink)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be (...) preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

Početkom devedesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, švicarski je teolog Hans Küng izašao s tezom da ako se želi stvoriti jedan globalni i dugoročni mir, moraju se uzeti u obzir velike svjetske religije. Svoja nastojanja Küng je u tom pogledu usmjerio na traženje zajedničkih etičkih osnova svim religijama. To nastojanje on je nazvao ´Projekt svjetski etos´. Njegove su glavne teze sljedeće: a. Nema napretka ljudskog roda bez svjetskog etosa; b. Nema svjetskog mira bez religioznog mira; c. Nema religioznog mira bez religioznog dijaloga. (...) Osim početnog odobravanja, Projekt svjetski etos je doživio i masivne kritike, kako u njemačkom tako i u engleskom govornom području. U tom smjeru ide i ovo razmatranje. Budući da je sam članak podijeljen u dva dijela, autorov je cilj u prvom dijelu – koji uostalom vrijedi i kao uvodni – istaknuti prva dva problemska aspekta samog Projekta te time već na početku pokazati da sklopovi i nisu tako jednostavni kako to sam autor Projekta želi. Ove prve dvije kritične točke Projekta su njegov odnos prema moralnom relativizmu, prilikom čega upravo temeljene slabosti samog projekta postaju vidljive, te s tim u vezi Küngov problematični put poopćavanja u području morala.Anfang der neunziger Jahre des vorigen Jahrhunderts veröffentlichte schweizerischer Theologe Hans Küng die These, dass man, wenn man einen globalen und langfristigen Weltfrieden schaffen möchte, die großen Religionen berücksichtigen müsse. Seine Bestrebungen hat er an die Suche nach einem gründlichen Ethos der Religionen gerichtet. Das hat er ‘Projekt Weltethos’ genannt. Seine zentrale Thesen sind: a. Es gibt keinen Fortbestand des Menschengeschlechts ohne ein Weltethos, b. Es gibt keinen Weltfrieden ohne religiösen Frieden; 3. Es gibt keinen religiösen Frieden ohne religiösen Dialog. Außer aber grundsätzlicher Akzeptierung am Anfang, hat dieser Projekt später auch massive Kritik ausgelost, sowohl im deutschen als auch im eng. Sprachraum. Darum geht es auch in diesem Aufsatz. In seinem erstem Teil – der übrigens als einleitender gilt – wird der Versuch unternommen, die ersten zwei kritischen Momente des sogenannten Projekts herauszustellen und damit zu zeigen, dass die Zusammenhänge nicht so ‘einfach’ und vor allem ‘eindeutig’ sind, wie es sich der Autor des Projekts wünscht. Diese ersten zwei kritischen Aspekte des Projekts sind sein Verhältnis mit dem moralischen Relativismus – wobei gerade seine „ersten” Schwächen sichtig werden, und in Bezug zu dem Küngs problematischer Weg der Verallgemeinerung im Bereich des Moralischen. (shrink)

Korupcija je siroko rasirena pojava u svim zemljama tranzicije. Srbija u tom pogledu nije izuzetak, naprotiv, uvek je bila veoma visoko rangirana na svim indeksima korumpiranosti Transparency International. Medju drustvenim sferama koje se smatraju prozetim korupcijom dosta visoko mesto u percepciji korupcije uvek je zauzimala, nazalost, oblast visokog obrazovanja. Da bismo proverili opravdanost ovakvih percepcija, sprovedeno je istrazivanje medju zaposlenima na Univerzitetu u Beogradu. Nalazi su potvrdili da korupcije u visokom skolstvu ima, kao i da nema prevelike spremnosti da se (...) ovoj pojavi stane na put, da se bar umanji, ako se vec ne moze iskoreniti. (shrink)

Uvodjenje veronauke i 'gradjanskog vaspitanja' u prve razrede osnovnih i srednjih skola u Srbiji 2001. godine izazvalo je brojne kontroverze u javnosti. Ova odluka drzavnih vlasti sprovedena je uprkos argumentovanom protivljenju strucne javnosti i dosta podeljenim stavovima u javnom mnjenju. U tekstu su prikazani rezultati jednog istrazivanja javnog mnjenja koji ukazuju na ambivalentne stavove o ovom pitanju.

The main aims of the project are twofold: the first one is to get insight into scope, structure, everyday life, opinions and plans of our people who live abroad as the fourth and fifth generations of emigrants, specially those who left the country during 90s. The second is checking and recording their preparedness for "return" to mother-country through complex set of activities and arrangements: return, capital investments, know-how and skills investments, preservation and strengthening cultural identity of our people abroad and (...) development their links with the ethnic/cultural background and inheritance. Glavni ciljevi realizacije ove teme su dvojaki. Prvi cilj je sticanje uvida u obim, strukturu, karakteristike svakodnevnog zivota, stavove i planove nasih ljudi koji zive u inostranstvu kao pripadnici cetvrte i pete generacije emigranata. Drugi cilj je utvrdjivanje njihove spremnosti za povratak u zemlju maticu, kroz slozen sindrom fizickog povratka ili "virtuelnog" povratka, kroz kapitalne investicije, investiranje stecenog "intelektualnog kapitala" u drustveni razvoj zemlje, ali i osnazenja drustvenog i kulturnog identiteta nasih ljudi u rasejanju i jacanja njihovih veza sa etnokulturnim zaledjem i nasledjem. (shrink)

All entrepreneurs try to be timely unlimited, constant and successful in their business. In doing so, their company founding, running operations and development all depend on adequate and quality financing. The goal is to ensure a stable financing and growth and the question is how, when and from which sources should the financing be ensured. When talking of financing, it is primarily meant ensuring the money or the capital, a synonym of the entrepreneurship and its main moving strength. In order (...) to be successful, it is of high importance to meet optimal business decisions and specially investing decisions. Even though the focus of the financing process is not solely limited to money, money plays a central role and is also the basis and the requirement for business activity and the very existence and the end goal of a business as well. One important focus of entrepreneurs is the question of an optimal financial structure for their own enterprise. The specifics of every individual company together with the industry they are in and macroeconomic environment they operate in do not allow for a uniform and generally applicable solution to this problem. The focus of this problem lies in the ratio between the size and structure of assets on one side and the size and structure of equity and debt on the other side. Every entrepreneur should also know which amount and structure of long-term assets, fixed assets is necessary for his enterprise. The function of investment planning defines these requirements before the actual investment takes place. An entrepreneur who is already longer in business will at this point analyze his actual financial structure with a focus on capital accumulation and conditions of raising debt. (shrink)

Eine der grundlegenden menschlichen Bestimmungen ist die, dass der Mensch ein sich bildendes Wesen ist. Den Grund dafür findet die philosophische Tradition in seiner geistigen Seele. Für Humboldt und seine Universität beispielsweise, ist die Seele der Grund dieses Prozesses. Die zeitgenössische Bildungsphilosophie, namentlich die Pädagogik und die ihr verwandten Wissenschaften, vermeiden jedoch die Rede über die Seele hinsichtlich der Erziehung und besonders hinsichtlich der Bildung. Dies führt bereits zur zentralen These des Artikels, welche wie folgt zusammengefasst werden kann: Bildung kann (...) und darf nicht auf die Rezeption von Wissen und Fähigkeiten bzw. Fertigkeiten im Sinne bloßer Qualifizierung reduziert werden, sondern muss zu ihren tiefsten Grundlagen zurückkehren, welche sich gleichzeitig als grundlegende Bestimmungen bzw. Perspektiven der Bildung überhaupt darstellen: Mit der Öffnung zur Ganzheit der Welt kommt die Seele innerhalb der Bildung bei sich selbst an. Hiermit aber führt sich die Bildung nicht ausschließlich auf die theoretisch-spekulative Art der Annahme und der „Prozessierung“ des Wissens zurück oder zielt ausschließlich auf den moralisch-sittlichen Aspekt; vielmehr wird darauf verwiesen, dass der Mensch in seiner Gesamtheit und Eigenart in ihren Mittelpunkt gestellt wird. Die zentrale These des Aufsatzes wird durch vier tragende Kapitel entfaltet: Im ersten, welches zudem als Ausgangspunkt gilt, wird die griechisch-platonische Denktradition im Hinblick auf die Bildung erörtet, indem dabei die Zwei entscheidenden Begriffe, imago und imitatio, hervorgehoben werden. Im zweiten beziehen wir uns auf zwei – unserer Ansicht nach – Schlüsseltheoretiker, W. v. Humboldt und G. F. W. Hegel, die, jeder auf seine Weise, die „Seele“ der Bildung durch die Begriffe der Universalität in Form der Losreißung vom Partikularen und der Freiheit in Form der Einsamkeit oder Losreißung von der Menge beobachten. Die vorgestellten Darstellungen heben auf keinen Fall eines der wichtigen Merkmale der Bildung auf, die Ausbildung, die im dritten Kapitel erörtert wird, wobei man zur Kenntnis geben möchte, dass sie, wenn sie authentisch sein soll, auch die „Ankunft der Seele bei sich selbst“ berücksichtigen muss. Die abschließenden Ausführungen im vierten Kapitel schildern die Situation derzeitiger Bildung, beispielsweise das Abgleiten in den Funktionalismus und in die reine Praxis sowie das Ausbleiben jeglicher Idee davon, was im Endeffekt die Folge der „Vertreibung des Geistes aus der Bildung“ ist. (shrink)

Im Artikel werden die tragenden Konturen des Offenbarungsbegriffs im Denken Schellings hervorgehoben. Der Begriff hat den christlichen Hintergrund, wird aber von Schelling nicht auf konfessionelle Ebene festgelegt oder reduziert. Schelling nimmt ihn als Realität in der geschichtlichen Erfahrung der Menschheit; als solcher ist er interessant für die Philosophie. Das Thema der Offenbarung markiert bereits die erste Periode des Schellingschen Denkens: mit ihm wird die erkenntnismässige Entdeckung der Unbedingtheit und Autonomie der menschlichen Freiheit verbunden und zwar im Zusammenhang mit dem deutsch-aufklärerischen (...) Verständnis der christlichen Religion als Erzieherin des Menschengeschlechts in moralibus. In der zweiten Periode, die man mit Schellings Freiheitsschrift beginnen und mit den Weltaltern fortsetzen lässt, wird der Offenbarungsbegriff im Zusammenhang mit der Problematik des Bösen, der Freiheit und der Schöpfung behandelt. Er signalisiert die Freiheit des Absoluten und seiner schöpferischen Wirkung und Präsenz in Natur und Geschichte der Menschheit – allerdings wird das Böse als notwendiges Moment der Offenbarung verstanden. In der letzten Periode seines Denkens behandelt Schelling die Offenbarung als freie geschichtliche Manifestation des Absoluten, die zugleich als Angebot und Apel an seine freie Annahme von Seiten des Menschen verstanden und dargestellt wird. Die positive Philosophie Schellings ist keineswegs eine verkappte christliche Theologie; mit einem gewissen Recht könnte man sie vielleicht als Philosophie der christlichen Religion nennen. Ihr geht es darum, die Inhalte der christlichen Religion durchzudenken, ohne damit den Interessen der Kirchen Dienst in ihren Anliegen erweisen zu wollen, aber auch ohne mit den Interessen der Religionskritik gehemmt zu sein. Die Philosophie der Offenbarung versucht Leben und Wirken Gottes zu beschreiben, der seiner Schöpfung zuvorkommt und sie zur Vollendung zu führen beabsichtigt – auf dass Gott alles in allem wird. (shrink)

Review on Simon Harrison, Augustine's Way into the Will: The Theological and Philosophical Significance of De Libero Arbitrio, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006.

This article tried to show the Tolerance like virtue, i.e. ability in sense of specific habit that enables one person to connect with other persons in right relationship. However, before tolerance was shown like virtue, it was first explained concept of virtue in the sense of Aristotle, especially in the sight of Aristotle friendship virtue. This explanation led to conclusion that virtue is inner state which makes possible for a person to harmonize his native abilities and emotions. This is the (...) reason why virtues are assumptions for person’s right action towards himself and also towards other people. Thereby, tolerance will be shown as virtue that helps people to go beyond vices such as prejudice, hostile attitude and hate toward other people. Exactly these vices represent danger not only for individuals, but also for the whole society, because they endanger democracy and human rights, and moreover, they can block them. Overcoming these vices through the virtues of dialog and tolerance enables the creation of basis for democracy and human rights overall. In the end of article it was elaborated relation between law and moral – moral in the sense of virtue – and it was concluded that in the society they have to supplement, and not exclude each other. (shrink)

The analysis of cognitive-ontological and especially ethical concepts in Nietzscheʼs philosophy shows deprivation as an important component that compromises their status. The emptiness, in the form of purity, inevitably appears during the decomposition of Nietzsche’s thought. Under the influence of perspectivism, epistemology, along with the question of truth, have undergone radical deconstruction. The results significantly affect the existence of morality, values and the notion of good in general. Deprivation appears in values, which leads to pessimism. Pessimistic values move away from (...) the intensity of life instinct. As a reflection of life, man strives and destroys the aspirations for life. The whole reality, on the other hand, is in opposition and thus, necessarily, in dialectic and conflict. Nietzsche, however, does not strive for reconciliation opposites, but requires their enduring, which is, at the same time, overcoming. Conflict between pessimistic and life valuesinevitably arises. Pessimism precedes nihilism, which alternates the notion of truth, meaning, and foundation. In the concluding analysis, it becomes clear how the value creator is placed in relation to the concept of eternal return and overcoming nihilism. Emptiness and lack of sense are replaced by a dynamic and conflicting conception of life, i.e. existence, where the dynamics of life must not be understood in an organic or other bio-morphological sense, but in relation to the individual and his creative potential only in the form of change and reestablishment of reality. This, in turn, means that, ultimately, the focus is on the subject, man as will and his existential acts. (shrink)

BackgroundThere has been no in-depth research of public attitudes on withholding or withdrawing life-prolonging treatment, euthanasia, assisted suicide and physician assisted suicide in Croatia. The aim of this study was to examine these attitudes and their correlation with sociodemographic characteristics, religion, political orientation, tolerance of personal choice, trust in physicians, health status, experiences with death and caring for the seriously ill, and attitudes towards death and dying. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on a three-stage random sample of adult citizens of (...) the Republic of Croatia, stratified by regions, counties, and locations within those counties. In addition to descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used to determine differences, and factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis for data analysis.Results38.1% of the respondents agree with granting the wishes of dying people experiencing extreme and unbearable suffering, and withholding life-prolonging treatment, and 37.8% agree with respecting the wishes of such people, and withdrawing life-prolonging treatment. 77% of respondents think that withholding and withdrawing procedures should be regulated by law because of the fear of abuse. Opinions about the practice and regulation of euthanasia are divided. Those who are younger and middle-aged, with higher levels of education, living in big cities, and who have a more liberal worldview are more open to euthanasia. Assisted suicide is not considered to be an acceptable practice, with only 18.6% of respondents agreeing with it. However, 40.1% think that physician assisted suicide should be legalised. 51.6% would support the dying person’s autonomous decisions regarding end-of-life procedures.ConclusionsThe study found low levels of acceptance of withholding or withdrawing life-prolonging treatment, euthanasia, assisted suicide and physician assisted suicide in Croatia. In addition, it found evidence that age, level of education, political orientation, and place of residence have an impact on people’s views on euthanasia. There is a need for further research into attitudes on different end-of-life practices in Croatia. (shrink)

In Croatia, the subject of medical ethics, or bioethics, was introduced into the curriculum in the early 1990s at the medical schools of the University of Rijeka and the University of Zagreb. Today, bioethics education has become a basic part of undergraduate medical education not only in Rijeka and Zagreb but also in Osijek.

Croatia is a transitional society in that it is a country emerging from a socialist command economy toward a market-based economy with ensuing structural changes of a social and political nature—some extending into the healthcare system. A legacy from our past is that, until now, Croatian healthcare institutions have had no real experience with clinical ethics support services. When clinical cases arise presenting complex ethical dilemmas in treatment options, the challenges presented to the medical team are substantial. The case described (...) below recently occurred on a ward in a university hospital in Croatia. An unexpected request from the patient’s parents created a number of issues that needed to be addressed by the medical team, which was made more difficult by the lack of clinical ethics support services. Such cases press the question currently being debated as to what type of ethics support services would be suitable for Croatia and why. (shrink)

Učenikova mogućnost izbora sadržaja učenja tijekom općeg obveznog obrazovanja važan je korak ka individualiziranom razvoju. Unatoč proklamiranim potrebama društva za razvojem kompetencija u tzv. STEM području, u hrvatskom su obrazovnom sustavu aktivnosti iz ovog područja najmanje zastupljene u kurikulumu općeg obrazovanja. Stoga je provedeno istraživanje interesa učenika za izbornu nastavu tehničke kulture te za aktivnosti koje bi odabrali kad bi mogli birati što će u školi učiti i raditi. Istraživanje je provedeno na stratificiranom uzorku učenika osnovnih škola u Hrvatskoj u (...) dobi od 11. do 15. godine života. Analizom rezultata istraživanja ustanovljeno je da su aktivnosti iz IKT-a, robotike, programiranja i modelarstva najatraktivnija područja za izbornu nastave tehničke kulture. Kad je riječ o aktivnostima u školi, učenici bi najradije odabrali sportske aktivnosti, a potom slijede informatičke, prirodoznanstvene i tehničke aktivnosti. Ovakav nalaz ukazuje na nužnu preobrazbu školskog kurikuluma koji će učenicima omogućiti razvoj u skladu s njihovim interesima. (shrink)

Reviews : Zygmunt Bauman, Intimations of Postmodernity ; Barry Smart, Modern Conditions, Postmodern Controversies ; Stjepan Mestrovic, The Coming Fin-de-Siecle.