Many problems that arise when providing pharmacy services may contain some ethical components and the aims of this study were to develop and validate a scale that could assess difficulties of ethical issues, as well as the frequency of those occurrences in everyday practice of community pharmacists. Development and validation of the scale was conducted in three phases: generating items for the initial survey instrument after qualitative analysis; defining the design and format of the instrument; validation of the instrument. The (...) constructed Ethical Issue scale for community pharmacy setting has two parts containing the same 16 items for assessing the difficulty and frequency thereof. The results of the 171 completely filled out scales were analyzed. The Cronbach’s α value of the part of the instrument that examines difficulties of the ethical situations was 0.83 and for the part of the instrument that examined frequency of the ethical situations was 0.84. Test–retest reliability for both parts of the instrument was satisfactory with all Interclass correlation coefficient values above 0.6,. The 16-item scale, as a self assessment tool, demonstrated a high degree of content, criterion, and construct validity and test–retest reliability. The results support its use as a research tool to asses difficulty and frequency of ethical issues in community pharmacy setting. The validated scale needs to be further employed on a larger sample of pharmacists. (shrink)

Na početku članka daje se kratki pregled razvoja pojma trajanja u Bergsonovima djelima, s posebnim osvrtom na njegova djela Durée et simultanéité i Essai sur les données immédiates. Poslije toga izlaže se Bergsonovo poimanje teorije relativnosti i problema s njome povezanih, primjerice: problem istovremenosti teorije relativnosti i intuitivne ili apsolutne istovremenosti, potom problem referentnih sustava, problem jedinstvenoga vremena i mnoštva vremenâ, stvarnog vremena i simboličkog ili konvencionalnog vremena. U tom su smislu istaknute i neke važnije misli iz rasprave između Bergsona (...) i Einsteina, koja je bila 6. travnja 1922. godine. Na koncu se daje kratki pregled prosudaba i rasprava koje su pratile Bergsonovo tumačenje teorije relativnosti.The author presents a study on the meaning of duration and time in Bergson’s works Durée etsimultanéité and Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience. It explains Bergson’s conceptof the theory of relativityand the difficulties relatedto it, such as: the theory of relativity’smeaningof coincidence and intuitive or absolute coincidence; difficulties regardingsupportingsystems,problemsof single time and multiple times, realtime and symbolic or conventionaltime.In this sense some important thoughts areemphasized regardingthe discussion betweenBergsonand Einstein, held on 6th April1922. It concludes with a brief overview of the evaluationsand discussions that accompanied Bergson’sexplanation of the theory of relativity. (shrink)