Results for 'Ruth Kannai'

937 found
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  1.  73
    Modeling the Evolution of Legal Discretion. An Artificial Intelligence Approach.Ruth Kannai, Uri Schild & John Zeleznikow - 2007 - Ratio Juris 20 (4):530-558.
    Much legal research focuses on understanding how judicial decision-makers exercise their discretion. In this paper we examine the notion of legal or judicial discretion, and weaker and stronger forms of discretion. At all times our goal is to build cognitive models of the exercise of discretion, with a view to building computer software to model and primarily support decision-making. We observe that discretionary decision-making can best be modeled using three independent axes: bounded and unbounded, defined and undefined, and binary and (...)
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  2.  79
    Intelligent Computer Evaluation of Offender’s Previous Record.Uri J. Schild & Ruth Kannai - 2005 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 13 (3-4):373-405.
    This paper considers the problem of how to evaluate an offender’s criminal record. This evaluation is part of the sentencing process carried out by a judge, and may be complicated in the case of offenders with a heavy record. We give a comprehensive overview of the approach to an offender’s past record in various (Western) countries, considering the two major approaches: desert-based and utilitarian. The paper describes the determination of the parameters involved in the evaluation, and the construction of a (...)
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  3. On Clear and Confused Ideas: An Essay About Substance Concepts.Ruth Garrett Millikan - 2000 - Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Written by one of today's most creative and innovative philosophers, Ruth Garrett Millikan, this book examines basic empirical concepts; how they are acquired, how they function, and how they have been misrepresented in the traditional philosophical literature. Millikan places cognitive psychology in an evolutionary context where human cognition is assumed to be an outgrowth of primitive forms of mentality, and assumed to have 'functions' in the biological sense. Of particular interest are her discussions of the nature of abilities as (...)
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  4. Value Incomparability and Incommensurability.Ruth Chang - 2015 - In Iwao Hirose & Jonas Olson, The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory. New York NY: Oxford University Press USA.
    This introductory article describes the phenomena of incommensurability and incomparability, how they are related, and why they are important. Since incomparability is the more significant phenomenon, the paper takes that as its focus. It gives a detailed account of what incomparability is, investigates the relation between the incomparability of values and the incomparability of alternatives for choice, distinguishes incomparability from the related phenomena of parity, indeterminacy, and noncomparability, and, finally, defends a view about practical justification that vindicates the importance of (...)
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  5. (1 other version)Making comparisons count.Ruth Chang - 2002 - New York: Routledge.
    The central aim of this book is to answer two questions: Are alternatives for choice ever incomparable? and, In what ways can items be compared? The arguments offered suggest that alternatives for choice no matter how different are never incomparable, and that the ways in which items can be compared are richer and more varied than commonly supposed. This work is the first book length treatment of the topics of incomparability, value, and practical reason.
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  6.  82
    A Theory of Legal Argumentation: The Theory of Rational Discourse as Theory of Legal Justification.Ruth Adler (ed.) - 1989 - Oxford University Press UK.
    Robert Alexy develops his influential theory of legal reasoning exploring the nature of legal argumentation and its relation to practical reasoning. In doing so he sheds light on fundamental questions of law and rationality, which are as crucial to practising lawyers and law students as they are to scholars of legal theory.
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  7.  35
    The forgotten realm of genetic differences.Ada Zohar & Ruth Guttman - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):217-217.
  8.  85
    Meaning and Mental Representation.Ruth Garrett Millikan - 1992 - Philosophical Review 101 (2):422.
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  9. Locke and Hume on Personal Identity: Moral and Religious Differences.Ruth Boeker - 2015 - Hume Studies 41 (2):105-135.
    Hume’s theory of personal identity is developed in response to Locke’s account of personal identity. Yet it is striking that Hume does not emphasize Locke’s distinction between persons and human beings. It seems even more striking that Hume’s account of the self in Books 2 and 3 of the Treatise has less scope for distinguishing persons from human beings than his account in Book 1. This is puzzling, because Locke originally introduced the distinction in order to answer questions of moral (...)
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  10.  81
    Solidaroty and equity : new ethical frameworks for genetic databases.Ruth Chadwick & Kåre Berg - 2001 - .
    Genetic database initiatives have given rise to considerable debate about their potential harms and benefits. The question arises as to whether existing ethical frameworks are sufficient to mediate between the competing interests at stake. One approach is to strengthen mechanisms for obtaining informed consent and for protecting confidentiality. However, there is increasing interest in other ethical frameworks, involving solidarity — participation in research for the common good — and the sharing of the benefits of research.
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  11.  41
    Basic auditory processing and sensitivity to prosodic structure in children with specific language impairments: a new look at a perceptual hypothesis.Ruth Cumming, Angela Wilson & Usha Goswami - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
  12. “Comparativism: The Ground of Rational Choice,” in Errol Lord and Barry McGuire, eds., Weighing Reasons , 2016.Ruth Chang - 2016 - In Errol Lord & Barry Maguire, Weighing Reasons. New York, NY: Oxford University Press USA. pp. 213-240.
    What, normatively speaking, are the grounds of rational choice? This paper defends ‘comparativism’, the view that a comparative fact grounds rational choice. It examines three of the most serious challenges to comparativism: 1) that sometimes what grounds rational choice is an exclusionary-type relation among alternatives; 2) that an absolute fact such as that it’s your duty or conforms to the Categorial Imperative grounds rational choice; and 3) that rational choice between incomparables is possible, and in particular, all that is needed (...)
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  13. Modalities: Philosophical Essays.Ruth Barcan Marcus - 1961 - New York, NY, USA: Oup Usa.
    This collection of Marcus's non-technical essays include her earlier ground-breaking axiomatizations of quantified modal logic, and explore such topics as the necessity of identity, the directly referential role of proper names as "tags", the interplay of possibility and existence, and others viewed as iconoclastic when Marcus first addressed them, but now long incorporated into current discussion.
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  14.  32
    The Right to Know and the Right Not to Know: Genetic Privacy and Responsibility.Ruth Chadwick, Mairi Levitt & Darren Shickle (eds.) - 2014 - Cambridge University Press.
    The privacy concerns discussed in the 1990s in relation to the New Genetics failed to anticipate the relevant issues for individuals, families, geneticists and society. Consumers, for example, can now buy their personal genetic information and share it online. The challenges facing genetic privacy have evolved as new biotechnologies have developed, and personal privacy is increasingly challenged by the irrepressible flow of electronic data between the personal and public spheres and by surveillance for terrorism and security risks. This book considers (...)
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  15.  62
    Francis Galton's Statistical Ideas: The Influence of Eugenics.Ruth Cowan - 1972 - Isis 63 (4):509-528.
  16. Back to the Future: Marriage as Friendship in the Thought of Mary Wollstonecraft.Ruth Abbey - 1999 - Hypatia 14 (3):78-95.
    If liberal theory is to move forward, it must take the political nature of family relations seriously. The beginnings of such a liberalism appear in Mary Wollstonecraft's work. Wollstonecraft's depiction of the family as a fundamentally political institution extends liberal values into the private sphere by promoting the ideal of marriage as friendship. However, while her model of marriage diminishes arbitrary power in family relations, she seems unable to incorporate enduring sexual relations between married partners.
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  17.  65
    Chinese and European American Cultural Models of the Self Reflected in Mothers' Childrearing Beliefs.Ruth K. Chao - 1995 - Ethos: Journal of the Society for Psychological Anthropology 23 (3):328-354.
  18.  90
    Precis of the rational imagination: How people create alternatives to reality.Ruth Mj Byrne - 2007 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (5):439-452.
    The human imagination remains one of the last uncharted terrains of the mind. People often imagine how events might have turned out something had been different. The of reality, those aspects more readily changed, indicate that counterfactual thoughts are guided by the same principles as rational thoughts. In the past, rationality and imagination have been viewed as opposites. But research has shown that rational thought is more imaginative than cognitive scientists had supposed. In The Rational Imagination, I argue that imaginative (...)
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  19. Public Health Ethics: The Voices of Practitioners.Ruth Gaare Bernheim - 2003 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 31 (S4):104-109.
    Public health ethics is emerging as a new field of inquiry, distinct not only from public health law, but also from traditional medical ethics and research ethics. Public health professional and scholarly attention is focusing on ways that ethical analysis and a new public health code of ethics can be a resource for health professionals working in the field. This article provides a preliminary exploration of the ethical issues faced by public health professionals in day-to-day practice and of the type (...)
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  20.  73
    The Born Rule and Free Will.Ruth Kastner - unknown
    In the libertarian ``agent causation'' view of free will, free choices are attributable only to the choosing agent, as opposed to a specific cause or causes outside the agent. An often-repeated claim in the philosophical literature on free will is that agent causation necessarily implies lawlessness, and is therefore ``antiscientific." That claim is critiqued and it is argued, on the contrary, that the volitional powers of a free agent need not be viewed as anomic, specifically with regard to the quantum (...)
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  21.  28
    Conditionals and possibilities.Ruth Mj Byrne, Philip N. Johnson-Laird, M. Oaksford & N. Chater - 2010 - In Mike Oaksford & Nick Chater, Cognition and Conditionals: Probability and Logic in Human Thought. Oxford University Press.
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  22.  62
    Being a learner: A virtue for the 21st century.Ruth Deakin Crick & Kenneth Wilson - 2005 - British Journal of Educational Studies 53 (3):359-374.
    Lifelong learning is something which one does for oneself that no one else can do for one: it is a public and personal human activity, rather than private or individualistic. One of the features of the education system is the paucity of a language for learning as process and participative experience. Personalised learning requires a sense of the worth-whileness of 'being a learner' - a virtue in the 21st century. A sense of one's own worth as a person is essential (...)
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  23.  33
    The Icelandic database : do modern times need modern sagas?Ruth Chadwick - unknown
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  24.  16
    Biology, Medicine, and Society, 1840-1940Charles Webster.Ruth Cowan - 1983 - Isis 74 (2):266-267.
  25.  13
    HermaphroditicallyReflections on Gender and ScienceEvelyn Fox Keller.Ruth Schwartz Cowan - 1986 - Isis 77 (4):674-676.
  26.  23
    Cluster Randomized Trials: Another Look.Ruth Macklin - 2013 - Hastings Center Report 44 (1):37-43.
    The type of research known as cluster randomized trials raises ethical questions not readily answered within the standard understanding of research ethics. What distinguishes a CRT is that it randomizes at the level of social groups rather than at the level of individual research participants: in a CRT, the regimen under study might be assigned to a village, hospital, or school. The organizational schemes of CRTs raise an assortment of fundamental ethical problems. In certain CRTs, the question of whether it (...)
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  27. Raz on Reasons, Reason, and Rationality: On Raz's From Normativity to Responsibility.Ruth Chang - 2013 - Jerusalem Review of Legal Studies:1-21.
    This is a synoptic and critical commentary on Joseph Raz’s From Normativity to Responsibility.
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  28.  28
    New Philosophies of Learning.Ruth Cigman & Andrew Davis (eds.) - 2009 - Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
    Through a collection of contributions from an international team of empirical researchers and philosophers, _New Philosophies of Learning_ signals the need for a sharper critical awareness of the possibilities and problems that the recent spate of innovative learning techniques presents. Explores some of the many contemporary innovations in approaches to learning, including neuroscience and the focus on learners’ well-being and happiness Debates the controversial approaches to categorising learners such as dyslexia Raises doubts about the preoccupation with quasi-mathematical scrutiny and the (...)
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  29.  22
    Paramedic use and understanding of their professional code of conduct.Derek Collings-Hughes, Ruth Townsend & Brett Williams - 2023 - Nursing Ethics 30 (2):258-275.
    Background Paramedicine is a newly regulated profession in Australia and with the introduction of regulation in 2018 for this profession came increased responsibilities – including the introduction of a professional code of conduct. Several countries now have regulation of paramedicine and associated professional codes to guide ethical and professional behaviour. Despite this, there has been no published research into paramedic understanding and use of their professional codes. Objectives To explore Australian paramedics’ use and understanding of their professional code of conduct. (...)
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  30.  15
    Modelos de construcción de lo masculino en la narrativa breve centroamericana.Ruth Cubillo-Paniagua - 2019 - Dialogos 23 (1):71.
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  31.  36
    Anne Donchin.Ruth Chadwick & Udo Schuklenk - 2014 - Bioethics 28 (9):ii-ii.
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  32. Professional ethics and the 'good' of science.Ruth Chadwick - 2005 - .
    Proposals for an ethical code for scientists raise questions about the usefulness of the framework of professional ethics for debating relevant issues surrounding ethics and science. Is science a profession and if so should its professional ethic be self-derived or subject to external input? What needs to be addressed is the nature of the 'good' that science promotes. Explanations of science as a public good in terms of knowledge and diversity are possibilities, but science's answer to the basic philosophical question (...)
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  33.  87
    Smullyan Arthur Francis. Modality and description.Ruth C. Barcan - 1948 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 13 (3):149-150.
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  34.  68
    Personal genomes: No bad news?Ruth Chadwick - 2010 - Bioethics 25 (2):62-65.
    Issues in genetics and genomics have been centre stage in Bioethics for much of its history, and have given rise to both negative and positive imagined futures. Ten years after the completion of the Human Genome Project, it is a good time to assess developments. The promise of whole genome sequencing of individuals requires reflection on personalization, genetic determinism, and privacy.
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  35.  72
    Susan Okin's Justice, Gender, and the Family: Twenty‐Five Years Later.Ruth Abbey - 2016 - Hypatia 31 (3):636-637.
  36.  28
    Francis Galton: The Life and Work of a Victorian Genius. D. W. Forrest.Ruth Cowan - 1976 - Isis 67 (3):496-497.
  37.  9
    Cognition of the Literary Work of Art.Ruth Ann Crowley & Kenneth Olsen (eds.) - 1973 - Northwestern University Press.
    This long-awaited translation of Das literarische Kunstwerk makes available for the first time in English Roman Ingarden's influential study. Though it is inter-disciplinary in scope, situated as it is on the borderlines of ontology and logic, philosophy of literature and theory of language, Ingarden's work has a deliberately narrow focus: the literary work, its structure and mode of existence. The Literary Work of Art establishes the groundwork for a philosophy of literature, i.e., an ontology in terms of which the basic (...)
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  38.  13
    Transfer und Transformation: Galante Prosa zwischen Frankreich und Deutschland.Ruth Florack - 2016 - In Jörn Steigerwald & Daniel Fulda, Um 1700: Die Formierung der Europäischen Aufklärung: Zwischen Öffnung Und Neuerlicher Schließung. De Gruyter. pp. 224-236.
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  39.  16
    Archéologie du cadre cinématique.Ruth Johnston & Raphaël Koenig - 2016 - Nouvelle Revue d'Esthétique 16 (2):109-122.
    Les spécialistes de l’archéologie des médias défendent une conception non-linéaire de l’histoire du cinéma, en analysant la façon dont les avancées technologiques et les dispositifs concrets contribuent activement à modifier nos modes de perception. Meurtre dans un jardin anglais de Peter Greenaway constitue un exemple remarquable de « métacinéma » mettant en pratique l’archéologie des médias dans le corps même du film, par le biais de citations visuelles renvoyant à d’autres médias ou d’autres pratiques artistiques, comme la peinture de la (...)
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  40.  21
    Antiprogestin Drugs: Ethical Issues.Ruth Macklin - 1992 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 20 (3):215-219.
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  41. (11 other versions)Chapter 18.Ruth Millikan - unknown
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  42.  66
    Review: Elizabeth Grosz: Volatile Bodies.Ruth Noack - 1996 - Die Philosophin 7 (13):117-119.
  43.  58
    Science, knowledge and colonial rule in Africa.Ruth J. Prince - 2012 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 43 (4):821-824.
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  44.  57
    Interdisciplinary Health Care Teams and Health Care Reform.Ruth B. Purtilo - 1994 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 22 (2):121-126.
    The purpose of this paper is to encourage reflection about the harm that could result if the positive aspects of team-organized health care are compromised during the health care reform process. While other models of health care delivery could replace teamwork and serve patients as well or better, the interdisciplinary health care team probably will not be abandoned. However, one or more disciplines whose members play important roles on various teams may be sacrificed in the hasty effort to define essential (...)
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  45.  28
    Atomic Histories. Rudolf E. Peierls.Ruth Sime - 1997 - Isis 88 (4):725-726.
  46.  29
    Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life. Georgina Ferry.Ruth Sime - 2000 - Isis 91 (4):810-810.
  47.  27
    Herausgegeben von der Königlichen Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Prag. Band I. FunktionenlehreBernard Bolzanos Schriften Karel Rychlík.Ruth Struik - 1931 - Isis 15 (2):353-355.
  48.  22
    Hope, Joy, and Affection in the Classical World. Emotions of the past.Ruth Rothaus Caston & Robert A. Kaster (eds.) - 2016 - Oxford University Press USA.
    The emotions have long been an interest for those studying ancient Greece and Rome. But while the last few decades have produced excellent studies of individual emotions and the different approaches to them by the major philosophical schools, the focus has been almost entirely on negative emotions. This might give the impression that the Greeks and Romans had little to say about positive emotion, something that would be misguided. As the chapters in this collection indicate, there are representations of positive (...)
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  49.  60
    Language and proof theory.Dov Gabbay & Ruth Kempson - 1996 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 5 (3-4):247-251.
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  50. Legacy of the transputer.Cherry Hinton & Cambridge Ruth Ivimey - forthcoming - Emergence: Complexity and Organization:19.
     
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