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  1.  20
    On Our Mind: Salience, Context, and Figurative Language.Rachel Giora - 2003 - Oxford University Press.
    In this volume, Rachel Giora explores how the salient meanings of words - the meanings that stand out as most prominent and accessible in our minds - shape how we think and how we speak. For Giora, salient meanings display interesting effects in both figurative and literal language. In both domains, speakers and writers creatively exploit the possibilities inherent in the fact that, while words have multiple meanings, some meanings are more accessible than others. Of the various meanings weencode in (...)
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  2.  93
    Understanding figurative and literal language: The graded salience hypothesis.Rachel Giora - 1997 - Cognitive Linguistics 8 (3):183-206.
  3.  39
    The Role of Defaultness in Affecting Pleasure: The Optimal Innovation Hypothesis Revisited.Rachel Giora, Shir Givoni, Vered Heruti & Ofer Fein - 2017 - Metaphor and Symbol 32 (1):1-18.
    The Optimal Innovation Hypothesis, following from the Graded Salience Hypothesis, is being reviewed and revisited. The attempt is to expand the notion of Optimal Innovation to allow it to apply to both stimuli’s coded meanings as well as their noncoded, constructed interpretations. According to the Optimal Innovation Hypothesis, Optimal Innovations, when devised, will be more pleasing than nonoptimally innovative counterparts. Unlike such competitors, Optimal Innovations deautomatize familiar coded alternatives, which invoke unconditional responses alongside novel but distinct ones, allowing both responses (...)
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  4.  48
    Defaultness Reigns: The Case of Sarcasm.Rachel Giora, Shir Givoni & Ofer Fein - 2015 - Metaphor and Symbol 30 (4):290-313.
    Findings from two experiments argue in favor of the superiority of default, preferred interpretations over non-default less favored counterparts, outshining degree of non-salience, non-literalness, contextual strength, and negation. They show that, outside of a specific context, the default interpretation of specific negative constructions is a non-salient interpretation 1; their non-default interpretation is a salience-based alternative. In contrast, the default interpretation of the affirmative counterparts is a salience-based interpretation ; their non-default interpretation is a non-salient alternative. When in equally strongly supportive (...)
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  5.  27
    Resonating with contextually inappropriate interpretations in production: The case of irony.Rachel Giora, Moshe Raphaely, Ofer Fein & Elad Livnat - 2014 - Cognitive Linguistics 25 (3):443-455.
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  6.  15
    Expecting Irony: Context Versus Salience-Based Effects.Rachel Giora, Ofer Fein, Dafna Laadan, Joe Wolfson, Michal Zeituny, Ran Kidron, Ronie Kaufman & Ronit Shaham - 2007 - Metaphor and Symbol 22 (2):119-146.
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  7.  25
    Irony: Context and Salience.Rachel Giora & Ofer Fein - 1999 - Metaphor and Symbol 14 (4):241-257.
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  8.  23
    Negation Generates Nonliteral Interpretations by Default.Rachel Giora, Elad Livnat, Ofer Fein, Anat Barnea, Rakefet Zeiman & Iddo Berger - 2013 - Metaphor and Symbol 28 (2):89-115.
    Four experiments and 2 corpus-based studies demonstrate that negation is a determinant factor affecting novel nonliteral utterance-interpretation by default. For a nonliteral utterance-interpretation to be favored by default, utterances should be potentially ambiguous between literal and nonliteral interpretations. They should therefore be (a) unfamiliar, (b) free of semantic anomaly or any kind of internal incongruity, and (c) unbiased by contextual information. Experiments 1–3 demonstrate that negative utterances, meeting these 3 conditions, were interpreted metaphorically (This is not a safe) or sarcastically (...)
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  9.  21
    Salience and Context Effects: Two Are Better Than One.Orna Peleg, Rachel Giora & Ofer Fein - 2001 - Metaphor and Symbol 16 (3):173-192.
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  10.  50
    From cognitive-functional linguistics to dialogic syntax.John W. Du Bois & Rachel Giora - 2014 - Cognitive Linguistics 25 (3):351-357.
  11.  20
    S/he is not the Most Sparkling Drink in the Pub Global Vs. Local Cue – Which Reigns Supreme?Rachel Giora & Israela Becker - 2019 - Metaphor and Symbol 34 (3):141-157.
    ABSTRACTWithin the framework of the Defaultness Hypothesis, automatic responses to “fully abstract phrasal patterns,” involving strong attenuation of highly positive concepts, are sarcastic. Such g...
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  12.  9
    Salience and Context: Interpretation of Metaphorical and Literal Language by Young Adults Diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome.Rachel Giora, Oshrat Gazal, Idit Goldstein, Ofer Fein & Argyris Stringaris - 2012 - Metaphor and Symbol 27 (1):22-54.
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  13.  24
    The role of defaultness and personality factors in sarcasm interpretation: Evidence from eye-tracking during reading.Ruth Filik, Hannah Howman, Christina Ralph-Nearman & Rachel Giora - 2018 - Metaphor and Symbol 33 (3):148-162.
    Theorists have debated whether our ability to understand sarcasm (pertaining here to verbal irony) is principally determined by the context or by properties of the comment itself. The current research investigated an alternative view that broadens the focus on the comment itself, suggesting that mitigating a highly positive concept by using negation generates sarcastic interpretations by default. In the current study, pretests performed on the target utterances presented in isolation established their default interpretations; novel affirmative phrases (e.g., He is the (...)
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  14.  14
    On the superiority of defaultness: Hemispheric perspectives of processing negative and affirmative sarcasm.Rachel Giora, Adi Cholev, Ofer Fein & Orna Peleg - 2018 - Metaphor and Symbol 33 (3):163-174.
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  15.  27
    Resisting Contextual Information: You Can't Put a Salient Meaning Down.Ofer Fein, Rachel Giora & Orna Peleg - 2008 - Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 4 (1):13-44.
    Resisting Contextual Information: You Can't Put a Salient Meaning Down Two experiments support the graded salience hypothesis, which assumes that early processing involves distinct mechanisms-linguistic and contextual-that do not interact but run parallel. While contextual processes make up an integrative, top-down mechanism that benefits from linguistic and extra-linguistic information, the linguistic mechanism is modular. Using Vu et al.'s materials, Experiment 1 shows that the sentential position of a target word is crucial for the operation of the global, predictive mechanism, whose (...)
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  16.  4
    Foreword.Rachel Giora - 2001 - Metaphor and Symbol 16 (3):145-148.
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  17.  25
    Introduction: Defaultness, affect, and figurative language.Rachel Giora & Ruth Filik - 2018 - Metaphor and Symbol 33 (3):144-147.
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  18.  8
    On the Political Message: Pretending to Communicate.Rachel Giora - 1994 - In Herman Parret, Pretending to Communicate. De Gruyter. pp. 104-123.
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  19.  61
    Semantic mechanisms of humor.Rachel Giora - 1988 - Philosophia 18 (4):409-415.
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  20.  12
    Whether Verbal or Visual, Affirmative or Negative, Tautologies are Not Tautologies.Rachel Giora, Ofer Fein & Vered Heruti - 2020 - Metaphor and Symbol 35 (2):97-121.
    In this paper we test the hypothesis that tautologies are actually not tautologies. Indeed, when exploring natural language use, it seems that, having...
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