Das Bild ist ohne Zweifel ein interkulturelles Grundphänomen. In verschiedenen kulturellen Kontexten finden sich stets bestimmte Formen und Praktiken bildlicher Darstellung, die sich zudem als Ausdruck der jeweiligen Welt- und Selbstansichten lesen lassen. Zugleich drängen Fragen nach universalen Strukturen der Bildlichkeit und der Bildwahrnehmung in den Vordergrund. Damit verweisen das Kulturelle und das Bildliche in spannungsreicher Form aufeinander. Dieser Band unternimmt einen ersten Brückenschlag zwischen Ansätzen der Bildtheorie und der interkulturellen Philosophie und liefert damit auch neue Zugänge zu aktuellen bildethischen (...) und bildpolitischen Debatten. Der Inhalt Bildtheorie und Interkulturalität.- TheorieBildungen.- WeltBilder.- BildPolitiken Die Zielgruppen BildtheoretikerInnen und BildwissenschaftlerInnen PhilosophInnen Kultur- und SozialwissenschaftlerInnen ÄsthetikerInnen und KunstwissenschaftlerInnen PhänomenologInnen Die HerausgeberInnen Mag. Sergej Seitz, MA ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Institut für Philosophie der Universität Wien. Dr. Anke Graness ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Philosophie der Universität Wien. Prof. Dr. Georg Stenger ist Inhaber der Professur für Philosophie in einer globalen Welt und Interkulturelle Philosophie am Institut für Philosophie der Universität Wien. (shrink)

A vinda ao Brasil do professor Oskar Negt abre a possibilidade de pensar a ação política além dos moldes tradicionais e destituídos de sentido, como ocorre atualmente com a política estabelecida. Ele é um herdeiro sui generis da Teoria Crítica, que nunca teve a reflexão e a ação política como temas centrais de sua produção teórica. Para Negt, refletir teoricamente e motivar a ação política constituem dois pólos indissociáveis de uma trajetória de vida, que se iniciou nos arredores de (...) Königsberg, na antiga Prússia Oriental. Depois de duas fugas para o Ocidente e de chegar a estudar com Adorno em Frankfurt, em seguida com Habermas em Heidelberg, Negt teve também uma expressiva experiência política, desde os movimentados anos 60, sua atuação junto aos sindicatos,até a sua atual participação como assessor do chanceler alemão Gerhard Schröder. (shrink)

Explores the role of dance education both inside and outside the arts.

A philosophical analysis of the discourses, practices, and effects of representation in political institutions, focusing on American democracy.

Rational agency is of central interest to philosophy, with evolutionary accounts of the cognitive underpinnings of rational agency being much debated. Yet one building block—our ability to argue—is less studied, except Mercier and Sperber’s argumentative theory :57–74, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10000968, 2011, in The enigma of reason. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2017). I discuss their account and argue that it faces a lacuna: It cannot explain the origin of argumentation as a series of small steps that reveal how hominins with baseline abilities of (...) the trait in question could turn into full-blown owners of it. This paper then provides a first sketch of the desired evolutionary trajectory. I argue that reasoning coevolves with the ability to coordinate behavior. After that, I establish a model based on niche construction theory. This model yields a story with following claims. First, argumentation came into being during the Oldowan period as a tool for justifying information ‘out of sight’. Second, argumentation enabled hominins to solve collective action problems with collaborators out of sight, which stabilized argumentative practices eventually. Archeological findings are discussed to substantiate both claims. I conclude with outlining changes resultant from my model for the concept of rational agency. (shrink)

Heinz Kohut was arguably the most influential modern day psychoanalyst. Because current interest in Kohut's work has focused so completely on self psychology, however, certain aspects of Kohut's thinking, in particular his nonreductive synthesis of Freudian theory, are in danger of being lost. Prior to his development of self psychology, Kohut was a legendary teacher of Freudian theory at the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis. In this volume, Philip Rubovits-Seitz presents Kohut's previously unavailable lectures from his course on psychoanalytic psychology (...) along with an illuminating summary statement on Freudian theory jointly written by Kohut and Rubovits-Seitz. Rubovits-Seitz continues with his own insightful analysis of Kohut's distinctive approach to Freudian theory. And he concludes by arguing persuasively why Kohut's later contributions should best be viewed as a continuation, rather than an abandonment, of this early vision. _Kohut's Freudian Vision _not only repairs an outstanding tear in received psychoanalytic history but also challenges self psychologists and contemporary Freudian psychoanalysts alike to renewed reflection. (shrink)

The ‘smart city’ has been driven by advances in information and communication technologies, with the aim of integrating these technologies with urban infrastructures for improved optimisation, automation and control. Smart cities have emerged as a response to the challenges faced by megacities and are likely to manifest the ‘datafying’ society in the public space. However, the pervasive nature of data collection, continuous analysis and inference, and long-term data storage result in a potentially problematic reconfiguration of society that undermines individual and (...) collective autonomy. This article proposes the concept of ‘data autonomy’ as a guiding principle for the development of smart cities, addressing challenges related to the potential misuse of personal data, sphere transgression, and datafied gentrification. Section II. explores concerns related to data protection law, which can be understood as a proxy for the relationship between the individual and society, highlighting power dynamics and the autonomy of individuals and communities. Section III. discusses the concept of sphere transgression, where tech giants expand their influence in society without adequate expertise or accountability. Section IV. examines the potential impact of datafied gentrification on individual and collective autonomy. Building on the challenges identified throughout these sections, this paper proposes ‘data autonomy’ as a guiding principle for smart city development in section V., promoting a value-based approach centred on human dignity. To make it practicable, increased interdisciplinary collaboration in the development of smart cities is needed, with a particular focus on improved design and impact assessment methodologies. (shrink)

Although clinical interpretation originated with Freud, the latter's positivist preference for purely observational methods made him ambivalent toward interpretive methods. According to Rubovits-Seitz, the legacy of Freud's positivism still pervades clinical thinking and interferes with progress in investigating and improving interpretive methods. He reviews the paradigm shift in general science from positivism to postpositivism by way of demonstrating the compatibility of interpretive inquiry with a postpositivist approach. Post-Freudian models of clinical interpretation are evaluated, andclinical methods of interpretation are compared (...) with interpretive approachesin nonclinical fields. A detailed discussion of the neglected problem ofjustifying interpretations incorporates evaluations of specific justifyingprocedures and a case report illustrating applications of such methods. Thework concludes with a consideration of common but avoidable errors in clinicalinterpretation along with remedial strategies for dealing with them. Following _Depth-Psychological Understanding, _clinicians may no longer take for granted the interpretive process and the accuracy of their own interpretations. Rubovits-Seitz's scholarly survey marks a major advance in comprehending the methodology of clinical interpretation and in setting forth both the problems and promise of interpretive methods. (shrink)

This book extends philosophy's engagement with the double beyond hierarchized binary oppositions. Brian Seitz explores the double as a necessary ontological condition or figure that gets represented, enacted, and performed repeatedly and in a myriad of configurations. Seitz suggests that the double in all of its forms is simultaneously philosophy's shadow, its nemesis, and the condition of its possibility. This book expands definitions and investigations of the double beyond the confines of philosophy, suggesting that the concept is at (...) work in many other fields including politics, cultural narratives, literature, mythology, and psychology. Seitz approaches the double by means of a series of case studies and by engaging loosely in eidetic variation, a methodological maneuver borrowed from phenomenology. The book explores the ways in which wide-ranging instances of the double are connected by the dynamics of intersubjectivity. (shrink)

Spätestens mit dem Aufkommen der modernen Naturwissenschaften im 19. Jahrhundert wird die Rolle der Metaphysik für die naturwissenschaftliche Begriffsbildung in Frage gestellt. Bereits Kant identifiziert die Schwächen einer Metaphysik, die in ihren wesentlichen Begriffen allein dem aristotelischen Vorbild treu geblieben ist. Das heißt aber nicht, dass bewährte traditionelle metaphysische Begriffe völlig aufgegeben werden müssen. Gerade in den modernen Naturwissenschaften gibt es Fragen, die aus der einzelnen Wissenschaft heraus nicht beantwortet werden können, ohne begriffliche Anleihen bei traditionellen metaphysischen Konzepten zu nehmen. (...) Anhand der metaphysischen und naturphilosophischen Konzeptionen Kants und Whiteheads untersucht Gordon Seitz den von Whitehead behaupteten Gegensatz zwischen Prozess- und Transzendentalphilosophie im Hinblick auf die Idee einer Einheit der Natur und unter Berücksichtigung moderner naturwissenschaftlicher Theorien. (shrink)

Explaining humans as rational creatures—capable of deductive reasoning—remains challenging for evolutionary naturalism. Schechter 437–464, 2011, 2013) proposes to link the evolution of this kind of reasoning with the ability to plan. His proposal, however, does neither include any elaborated theory on how logical abilities came into being within the hominin lineage nor is it sufficiently supported by empirical evidence. I present such a theory in broad outline and substantiate it with archeological findings. It is argued that the cognitive makeup of (...) any animal is constituted by being embedded in a certain way of life. Changing ways of life thus foster appearances of new cognitive abilities. Finally, a new way of life of coordinated group behavior emerged within the hominins: anticipatory group planning involved in activities like making sophisticated spears for hunting. This gave rise to human logical cognition. It turned hominins into domain-general reasoner and adherents of intersubjective norms for reasoning. However, as I argue, it did not—and most likely could not—give rise to reason by deductive logic. More likely, deductive reasoning entered our world only a few thousand years ago: exclusively as a cultural artifact. (shrink)

Reprint of the 1st ed. (1923) which was published in Bd. 6 of the Jahrbuch f'ur Philosophie und ph'anomenologische Forschung.

Mit dem Anfang des Mittelalters und der Renaissance setzt eine Denkrichtung ein, die fur die Erkenntnis der Welt keine andere Autoritat gelten lassen will als die der Vernunft." Damit hat Oskar Ewald die Idee der Aufklarung in ihren Grundsatzen auf den Punkt gebracht. Ewald, bis 1928 Privatdozent fur Philosophie in Wien, spater von den Nationalsozialisten politisch verfolgt, zeichnet in seinem Werk von 1924 die Ideengeschichte der Aufklarung in Frankreich nach. Aus der skeptischen Perspektive eines religiosen Sozialisten stellt er die (...) wichtigsten Vertreter und unterschiedlichen Stromungen in Frankreich vor, arbeitet dabei Unterschiede heraus und zeigt Gemeinsamkeiten auf. Ewald gelingt der Spagat zwischen Darstellung und Analyse. Seine ambivalente Bewertung und der angenehme Erzahlstil seiner Darstellung machen Die Franzosische Aufklarungsphilosophie" heute noch zu einem lesenswerten Werk fur alle Philosophieinteressierten.". (shrink)

"La distinción que suele hacerse entre el Derecho político y la Teoría general del Estado no obedece, en realidad, a una exigencia lógica; la separación ni es clara, ni tiene fundamento. Son dos aspectos del mismo problema científico: estudio jurídico del Estado. La Teoría general del Estado se ocupa generalmente de definir los principales aplicables a todo Estado y en todas sus manifestaciones. El Derecho político, partiendo de estos conceptos generales que sienta la Teoría, investiga más en concreto la vida (...) orgánica del Estado, sus funciones internas y exteriores y las relaciones del Poder Público con los individuos". Oskar Georg Fischbach. (shrink)

The United Nations confirmed that privacy remains a human right in the digital age, but our daily digital experiences and seemingly ever-increasing amounts of data suggest that privacy is a mundane, distributed and technologically mediated concept. This article explores privacy by mapping out different legal and conceptual approaches to privacy protection in the context of datafication. It provides an essential starting point to explore the entwinement of technological, ethical and regulatory dynamics. It clarifies why each of the presented approaches emphasises (...) particular aspects and analyses the tensions that arise. The resulting overview provides insight into the main strengths and limitations of the different approaches arising from specific traditions. This analytic overview therefore serves as a key resource to analyse the usefulness of the approaches in the context of the increasing datafication of both private and public spheres.Specifically, we contrast the approach focusing on data subjects whose data are being ‘protected’ with others, including Fair Information Practice Principles, the German right to ‘informational self-determination’, and the South American ‘habeas data’ doctrine. We also present and contrast emerging approaches to privacy and discuss their intersection with datafication. In conclusion, we put forth that rather than aiming for one single solution that works worldwide and across all situations, it is essential to identify synergies and stumbling blocks between the various regulatory settings and newly emerging approaches. (shrink)

Since America was founded, faith informed its moral genius. From the Declaration of Independence to the work of Martin Luther King Jr., belief in God positively shaped the moral awareness of the nation. This article suggests that political discourse emerging in the middle of the twentieth century, which effectively prohibits the mention of faith in serious political conversation, is having devastating consequences on the moral capacity of contemporary society. It suggests that such faith-less political discourse contradicts America’s founding logic. This (...) article also reasserts the Catholic claim that truth can be known and that in the face of faith-less political discourse, Catholics are morally bound to seek complete truth, which requires faith. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 10.4 (Winter 2010): 687–693. (shrink)

Judith Butler zählt zu den bedeutendsten zeitgenössischen Denker*innen im Bereich der Geistes-, Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften sowie der Gender Studies und der Queer Theory. Darüber hinaus ist ihr Beitrag zur politischen Philosophie kaum zu unterschätzen. Dieser Band versammelt - neben einem Originaltext von Butler und einem Roundtable-Gespräch - Artikel ausgewiesener Expert*innen, die aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven die Dimensionen des Politischen in Butlers Arbeiten kritisch würdigen. Schwerpunkte sind das Verhältnis von Philosophie, Theorie und politischer Praxis, die Konstitution politischer Subjektivität, die Möglichkeiten politischer Handlungsfähigkeit (...) sowie das emanzipatorische Potenzial performativer Körperpraktiken. (shrink)

Nachdruck der Originalausgabe von 1901. Oskar Kraus beschreibt in seinem Werk "Zur Theorie des Wertes Wissenschaftliche Methoden die geeignet sind sich dem Begriff das Werts anzunähern. Im wesentlichen untersucht er einerseits die Ansätze die sich aus Ethik und Psychologie ergeben, dem Wert der primären Güter. Und andererseits aus Sicht der Wirtschaftswissenschaft den Wert der äußeren Güter.

This article employs Bonnie Honig’s concepts of refusal and intensification to conceptualize the ancient practice of ‘parrhesia’ as a form of conflictual, political truth-telling. This entails envisaging political truth-telling as an intense, agonal practice that does not establish unalterable foundations but takes part in world-building practices. To this end, I first reconstruct parrhesia as an agonistic practice of truth-telling. Against this background, I take up Honig’s concept of intensification to make sense of parrhesia’s intricate political stakes with reference to Euripides’s (...) Ion tragedy. Finally, I reenvisage the bacchants’ secession to Cithaeron against the backdrop of Michel Foucault’s analysis of the cynic tradition, where parrhesia turns into a subversive political practice of displaying and prefiguring other forms of existence and social relations. (shrink)

In this communication recent evidence from cognitive neuroscience is presented showing that believing is a fundamental brain function. It integrates the perception of information from the environment with personal perspective taking (“what does it mean to me?”) as the basis for predictive coding of action. Observing that another person becomes injured can make one believe that the pain in the injured person is similar to pain that oneself has experienced previously. This first-person perspective has been called empathy and includes primal (...) beliefs about potentially pain eliciting objects and painful events in the sense of “what does it mean to you?”. Furthermore, observing other people to suffer involves the conceptual belief that their condition is aversive and burdensome. Believing in love and peace involves the perspective of “what does it mean to us?”. Contradictory events may cause the sensation of pain and suffering in the afflicted individuals resulting in mutual distrust and eventually disruption of social bonds. In conclusion, beliefs play an important, though long underestimated role in cognitive neuroscience of pain and suffering and more generally for the cultural notions of deities and evil. (shrink)

DIE WURZELN DES FRAUENHASSES BEI ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER.

This essay explores an interdisciplinary framework for the comparative study of genocide. It traces the Other Holocaust of communist genocide in the twentieth century, with an estimated 100 million victims. Both the Nazi Holocaust and communist genocide raise major ethical dilemmas concerning individual and collective responsibility. The central underlying dynamic common to the Nazi Holocaust, communist and other genocides is the radical discounting of human life and dignity, and denial of the intrinstic worth of each individual human being. Hence the (...) moral equivalency of evil Mass crimes against humanity run counter to the ethical precepts of all major religions, in particular the Judaeo-Christian tradition which considers man inviolable, created in the image of God Those who would honor and remember the victims of past genocides, whether Christians or Jews, believers or nonbelievers, need to rededicate their efforts to prevent such atrocities in the future by defending human rights and the persecuted in the present. (shrink)