Oscar Masotta (Buenos Aires, 1930- Barcelona, 1979) is all but forgotten now, except perhapsin the field of Lacanian studies. This is because in the 1970s,Masotta would challenge the master psychoanalyst on hisown turf, creating his own post-Lacanian school of psychoanalysisin Barcelona. But in 1965, aged just 27, Masottataught at the University of Buenos Aires, lectured at theDi Tella, and edited a book series on communication andmedia. A product of the newly open post-Perón era." Page 91.. This is the first (...) exhibition organized with materials from the archive Juan Acha, and includes reactivations of non-object-based art and artistic documentation. (shrink)

Background: The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of qualified nurses in Spain. As a result, the government authorized the hiring of senior students. Objectives: To explore the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts experienced by final-year nursing students who worked during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Research design: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were carried out using a question guide. Interviews took place via a private video chat (...) room platform. A thematic, inductive analysis was performed of the information gathered. Participants and research context: Eighteen nursing students were recruited from two universities of Madrid, aged between 18 and 65 years old, enrolled in the fourth year of nursing studies and who were hired under a relief contract for health professionals during the pandemic. Ethical considerations: The present study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Results: Three specific themes emerged: (a) coping with patient triage, (b) difficulties in providing end-of-life care, and (c) coping with patient death. Nursing students participated in the process of patient selection for resource allocation and ICU bed occupancy. They were shown how to care for patients who were not admitted to the ICU, in their last moments and were faced with the difficulties of applying end-of-life care. Finally, the nursing students were confronted with the death of their patients, in overwhelming numbers and under adverse conditions. Conclusions: These findings can help shed light on the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts faced by novice nursing students, incorporated into the workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it was described that students may normalize the death due to the exhaustion and overwhelmed routine. (shrink)

War and Border Crossings brings together renowned scholars to address some of the most pressing problems in public policy, international affairs, and the intercultural issues of our day. Contributors from widely varying disciplines discuss cross-cultural ethical issues and international topics ranging from American international policy and the invasion and occupation of Iraq to domestic topics such as immigration, the war on drugs, cross-cultural bioethics and ethical issues involving American Indian tribes. The culture clashes discussed in these essays raise serious questions (...) about what principles ought to inform the negotiating of conflicts in order to achieve, or at least approach, outcomes that are fundamentally just, fair, responsible, and ethical. (shrink)

El capital social, si bien corresponde a una categoría nacida de la economía política clásica y, en particular, empleada por Karl Marx, en su versión contemporánea se muestra en la combinación del capital físico y el capital humano en el contexto de la teoría de la economía de bienestar. En la primera parte se expone la cuestión conceptual y en la segunda se expone el capital humano en un modelo de crecimiento de Convergencia. Se consideran los niveles de escolaridad promedio (...) en los asentamientos irregulares de la Delegación Milpa Alta en el Distrito Federal entre 2000-2005 y se proyectan las tasas al 2020 que mantiene los resultados de Convergencia obtenidos en el modelo para el 2000-2005, demostrando la relación entre valor, trabajo, educación y crecimiento. (shrink)

This study aimed to identify the level of psychological violence in ethnic relationships among students of the National Academic Leveling System (SNNA, derived from Spanish) at Universidad Técnica del Norte (UTN). The research is quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational due to the interaction observed between the variables associated with psychological violence and ethnic identification. A survey of 12 Likert-type questions was applied to students aged 17 years and older, encompassing both men and women representing different ethnicities. The sampling approach was probabilistic (...) with a total of 1.158 participants. Subsequently, the collected data underwent statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. It allowed the verification of a relationship between psychological violence and ethnic identification, evidencing a moderate level of psychological violence. There is 95% confidence in the level of psychological violence among SNNA students, which is related to the ethnic identification of the population. (shrink)

La enseñanza de la filosofía se ha venido constituyendo como un campo teórico y metodológico en el último tiempo. Las continuas amenazas que sobre este saber milenario que se han hecho desde diversas acciones políticas han concitado una especial defensa del saber y de su posibilidad de ser enseñada en escuelas y universidades. Esta defensa se manifiesta no solo en las luchas políticas y normativas en diversos países, sino también en la creación de asignaturas, programas, proyectos de investigación, redes de (...) maestros y conceptos. El informe de la UNESCO la filosofía como escuela de libertad (UNESCO, 2011)publicado en francés en el año 2007 produjo un completo estado de la cuestión sobre enseñanza de la filosofía a nivel mundial, hoy 12 anos después la situación sigue consolidándose como preocupación y a la vez con esperanza entre las restricciones de gobierno neoliberales y conservadores que ubican a la filosofía como algo inútil y peligroso en la formación de las nuevas generaciones y las nuevas formas y manifestaciones de prácticas filosóficas contemporáneas. Diversos estudios han demostrado como la reflexión sobre enseñanza de la filosofía en Colombia ha venido ganado espacio en publicaciones especializadas en filosofía (Díaz & Espinel, 2019; Pulido, Espinel, & Gómez, 2018), educación e incluso se han dedicado números monográficos para abordar la problemática. Esta sensación ha sido reconocida por la revista Cuestiones de filosofía que dedica este fascículo a contribuir con la discusión latinoamericana al respecto. (shrink)

Física mecanista y campo electromagnético.--La teoría de la relatividad.--La teoría de los quanta.

Dorian Gray pays a hefty price for years of sin and vice in this completely unabridged edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray.

This paper investigates the structure and composition of the social network formed on the campus of the Faculty of Economics and Business of Diego Portales University, Chile, exposing a series of characteristics that are aligned with similar research in the field of networks. We use a model of social networks formation in order to understand socioeconomic and academic factors that predict the formation of friendship between two students. Specifically, we test empirically our model, using students' administrative information. Of special interest (...) is the impact of the length of stay of the students in the university, with which we refer to the years completed in the degree course, in the probability of establishing friendship ties where being socioeconomically different is a condition. The mechanism behind a result like this is the sense of belongingness that being part of the same institution may induce amongst students. By means of counterfactual simulations we found evidence in favor that passing through the university increases the probability of forming friendship networks, which can mean a kind of social capital, thus reducing socioeconomic segregation from the Chilean school system. Given the importance of this finding, we believe that policies that increase the sense of belongingness such as cultural events, leaderships programs, and community should be implemented on university campuses. (shrink)

El presente artículo desarrolla una reconsideración de las nociones de “mal radical” y “banalidad del mal” haciendo hincapié en la reflexión arendtiana en torno a la figura del “burgués”. En tal sentido, se ponen en primer plano las principales consonancias y diferencias entre ambos conceptos remarcando, puntualmente, su origen teórico común. Como resultado, el trabajo constata, después de una cuidadosa argumentación, el peso central que el multifacético análisis arendtiano del burgués tiene sobre la conformación de sus reflexiones acerca del mal, (...) tanto en el periodo temprano como en la faceta más tardía de su obra. (shrink)

En los albores de una nueva etapa en el Antropoceno, marcada por el avance de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, la robótica, la hiperconectividad mediante dispositivos móviles digitales, los sensores remotos, la realidad virtual y la inteligencia artificial; la ciencia, la filosofía y la sociedad en general comienza a cuestionarse los impactos tanto ecológicos como ontológicos de estas tecnologías sobre el bienestar humano y el bienestar de la naturaleza. En este contexto, este artículo, elaborado a partir de (...) una revisión bibliográfica de definiciones precedentes, sobre la base de un enfoque holístico y biocéntrico que posiciona a la naturaleza en el centro de la problemática, busca aportar a la discusión teórica y filosófica acerca del concepto de ‘transnaturaleza’. Entendiendo a la ‘transnaturaleza’ de una manera alternativa a la que se puede desprender desde el enfoque de transhumanismo antropocéntrico dominante vigente. Con esto se espera, aportar a la reflexión ética y teórica sobre la relación humano-tecnología-naturaleza en el contexto de la policrisis vigente, con el propósito de incentivar transformaciones valóricas y conceptuales que propicien futuros más auspiciosos para la naturaleza en su noción amplia y compleja que integra tanto a seres humanos como no humanos. (shrink)

El artículo tiene como finalidad justificar por qué es importante incluir las pedagogías propias de los pueblos originarios en los programas de formación docente de educación básica a nivel nacional, como valores compartidos de su patrimonio cultural tangible e intangible. Este patrimonio cultural es el pilar histórico de México, que por supuesto no se encuentra sólo en los pueblos originarios, sino que responde a un proceso histórico social determinado de la nación y que, a pesar de la conquista europea, siguió (...) prevaleciendo en las pedagogías y valores propios de los pueblos originarios. Proponemos cristalizar estos patrimonios culturales de los pueblos originarios para ser considerados como pedagogías propias en los programas de formación docente y desde este campo de formación compartir los valores culturales a través de sus saberes, sabidurías y prácticas culturales que han prevalecido a lo largo de la historia y que den cuenta en los planes y programas de estudio con igualdad y equidad cultural en el Sistema Educativo Nacional. Asimismo, se exponen los procesos de contradicción que los pueblos originarios han vivido y han asumido a lo largo de las políticas educativas dirigidas a la educación indígena. Finalmente, se plantean algunas consideraciones para estos programas de formación docente. (shrink)

I argue that a standard formulation of hinge epistemology is host to epistemic relativism and show that two leading hinge approaches (Coliva’s acceptance account and Pritchard’s nondoxastic account) are vulnerable to a form of incommensurability that leads to relativism. Building on both accounts, I introduce a new, minimally epistemic conception of hinges that avoids epistemic relativism and rationally resolves hinge disagreements. According to my proposed account, putative cases of epistemic incommensurability are rationally resolvable: hinges are propositions that are the objects (...) of our belief-like attitudes and are rationally revisable in virtue of our overarching commitment to avoid systematic deception in our epistemic practices. (shrink)

Naturalizar ciertos problemas filosóficos no es tan problemático hoy como lo fue hace décadas. La excesiva especulación a la hora de reflexionar sobre ciertos temas, ha dado paso, paulatinamente, a una filosofía informada científicamente. En este artículo se intenta presentar un enfoque biologizado de la ética, teniendo en cuenta la información procedente de la etología, las ciencias cognitivas y las neurociencias. Interrogantes como ¿por qué somos buenos?, ¿por qué somos egoístas? o ¿por qué cooperamos?, preguntas todas ellas procedentes de la (...) ética, serán analizadas desde la perspectiva de la filosofía de la biología y la neurofilosofía. (shrink)

An individual's health, genetic, or environmental-exposure data, placed in an online repository, creates a valuable shared resource that can accelerate biomedical research and even open opportunities for crowd-sourcing discoveries by members of the public. But these data become “immortalized” in ways that may create lasting risk as well as benefit. Once shared on the Internet, the data are difficult or impossible to redact, and identities may be revealed by a process called data linkage, in which online data sets are matched (...) to each other. Reidentification, the process of associating an individual's name with data that were considered deidentified, poses risks such as insurance or employment discrimination, social stigma, and breach of the promises often made in informed-consent documents. At the same time, re-ID poses risks to researchers and indeed to the future of science, should re-ID end up undermining the trust and participation of potential research participants. The ethical challenges of online data sharing are heightened as so-called big data becomes an increasingly important research tool and driver of new research structures. Big data is shifting research to include large numbers of researchers and institutions as well as large numbers of participants providing diverse types of data, so the participants’ consent relationship is no longer with a person or even a research institution. In addition, consent is further transformed because big data analysis often begins with descriptive inquiry and generation of a hypothesis, and the research questions cannot be clearly defined at the outset and may be unforeseeable over the long term. In this article, we consider how expanded data sharing poses new challenges, illustrated by genomics and the transition to new models of consent. We draw on the experiences of participants in an open data platform—the Personal Genome Project—to allow study participants to contribute their voices to inform ethical consent practices and protocol reviews for big-data research. (shrink)

Insofar as development implies economic growth, the term ‘sustainable development’ appears to some as a contradiction in terms. However, such conclusions still lack a thorough examination of the conceptual structure of the two terms between which there is a purported contradiction. In order to address this issue, the present paper scrutinises some of the assumptions which underwrite the ideologies of sustainability and of development. It is argued that there are key assumptions which both ideas have in common, and that sustainable (...) development is thus perfectly coherent on a conceptual level. It is alternatives which retain either term (such as ‘sustainable degrowth') that are embroiled in paradox. The paper then examines two concepts for criticising the ideology of economic growth in other terms: dépense and conviviality. It is argued that the latter is preferable to the former for the purpose of developing post-sustainable critiques of growth. (shrink)

El presente trabajo ofrece una lectura de la obra de Kierkegaard Temor y temblor en la que, por medio de los ejemplos de filosofía que en ella se contraponen, se pone de manifiesto cómo la reivindicación de la singularidad constituye el centro de gravedad del texto. Este contenido central de la obra debe entenderse juntamente con la dialéctica de palabra y silencio que formalmente la determina. A partir del reconocimiento de la centralidad de la voz frente a la imposibilidad de (...) la visión, se muestra cómo el pseudónimo Johannes de silentio, en su encuentro con la figura de Abraham, acalla toda especulación sobre la fe del patriarca al tiempo que da la palabra a la filosofía para que esta pueda decir lo que comporta la paradoja de la fe, a saber, la singularidad del individuo, cuyo sentido es ético, si bien descansa sobre una transcendencia que remite a lo religioso. (shrink)

Reconstruction is a central notion in Dewey’s account of inquiry and in his metaphilosophical commitments. In his work, Dewey made a call for reconstruction of philosophy, in the reconstruction of central notions of the discipline, like knowledge, logic, truth, the good, reason, and experience. Inquiry itself is reconstructive, according to Dewey, involving the transformation of an indeterminate situation into one which is determinate and understood. Dewey’s philosophical views should therefore be of interest to those taking part in the recent turn (...) towards revisionary philosophical methodologies, like conceptual engineering, explication, and amelioration. In light of the recent developments in revisionary methodologies, I aim to explore Dewey’s conception of concepts in relation to the conceptual engineering literature, suggesting that it provides a useful conception of concepts for conceptual engineering, and to suggest a Deweyan model of philosophical inquiry where concepts are the objects of inquiry. In both cases, I hope to show a productive interaction between Dewey’s ideas and contemporary discussions of conceptual engineering. (shrink)

The argument from species overlap has been widely used in the literature on animal ethics and speciesism. However, there has been much confusion regarding what the argument proves and what it does not prove, and regarding the views it challenges. This article intends to clarify these confusions, and to show that the name most often used for this argument (‘the argument from marginal cases’) reflects and reinforces these misunderstandings. The article claims that the argument questions not only those defences of (...) anthropocentrism that appeal to capacities believed to be typically human, but also those that appeal to special relations between humans. This means the scope of the argument is far wider than has been thought thus far. Finally, the article claims that, even if the argument cannot prove by itself that we should not disregard the interests of nonhuman animals, it provides us with strong reasons to do so, since the argument does prove that no defence of anthropocentrism appealing to non-definitional and testable criteria succeeds. (shrink)

I argue against the Standard View of ignorance, according to which ignorance is defined as equivalent to lack of knowledge, that cases of environmental epistemic luck, though entailing lack of knowledge, do not necessarily entail ignorance. In support of my argument, I contend that in cases of environmental luck an agent retains what I call epistemic access to the relevant fact by successfully exercising her epistemic agency and that ignorance and non-ignorance, contrary to what the Standard View predicts, are not (...) modal in the sense that knowledge is. After responding to objections, I conclude by sketching an alternative account of ignorance centered on the notions of epistemic access and epistemic agency. (shrink)

Engaging and thought-provoking, this book examines how we see and treat animals and argues that we should extend equal rights to all species, human and non-human alike. Our world is plighted by 'isms' - racism, sexism and ageism to name a few - but we have one more to add: speciesism. Speciesism is a form of discrimination against those who don't belong to a certain species and it is a concept which raises controversial questions over humanity's very complicated relationship with (...) animals. Forgetting that humans are animals too, this mindset allows us to see animals as objects, rather than individuals with their own interests and with the ability to feel and suffer. This book questions all of these assumptions. Human feelings of superiority have allowed us to feel entitled to own animals as pets, to eat them, to use them for entertainment and to treat them with unkindness and cruelty. Looking at both the use of animals for the production of food, as well as the suffering of wild animals, this book advocates for society to seriously take into account the interests of all animals and argues that we have a duty to treat animals with much greater care, consideration and respect. For all who care about the rights and welfare of animals, this book is essential reading. (shrink)

O presente trabalho trata dos usos que destacados filósofos italianos têm dado à noção de biopolítica. O estudo é a continuação do diálogo transdisciplinar entre a filosofia da educação e a agroecologia. P arte da pesquisa de doutorado na área de educação, onde se analisaram as práticas pedagógicas da agroecologia, o qual denominamos como agroecopedagogia. Utilizando a ferramenta arqueogenealógica, a pesquisa indagou pelas relações de poder veiculadas em ditas práticas. Aqui apresentamos parte dessa discussão, incorporando também a chamada ecopedagogia. Como (...) se sabe a biopolítica é uma noção antiga atualizada pelos trabalhos do pensador francês Michel Foucault e a qual abriu uma série de importantes debates no pensamento crítico, especialmente, em questões relacionadas a um suposto progresso da humanidade atrelado à relação saber-poder. Neste artigo descrevemos como dois de seus comentadores mais importantes interpelaram a re-leitura da biopolítica por parte do filósofo do poder criando assim tensões para as pedagogias que tem como fundamento o saber ecológico. Inicialmente, abordamos a duplicidade da biopolítica, presente no livro Bíos, Biopolítica y filosofía de Roberto Esposito, articulada como a política da vida e a política sobre a vida ; desta abordagem por parte do professor italiano surgem duas noções chaves para tensionar a ecopedagogia: comunitas/ immunitas. Seguidamente, introduzimos a discussão apresentada pelo também italiano, Giorgio Agamben a partir de duas de suas obras mais comentadas no campo da filosofia da educação, Estado de exceção e Homo Sacer: O poder soberano e a vida nua. A nosso ver, os comentários do Agamben oferecem uma radical discussão em torno da diferença e da democracia, o que nos parece levar a um nível de tensão insuspeitado o discurso agroecológico e a educação ambiental em seu princípio crítico vinculado a um desejo de emancipação, libertação e transformação; de tal forma que esta radical discussão se torna de uma importância vital não só para a própria coerência das práticas supracitadas, mas de forma geral, para um mundo por-vir delimitado cada vez pelo biopoder. (shrink)

The term “speciesism” has played a key role in debates about the moral consideration of nonhuman animals, yet little work has been dedicated to clarifying its meaning. Consequently, the concept remains poorly understood and is often employed in ways that might display a speciesist bias themselves. To address this problem, this article develops a definition of speciesism in terms of discrimination and argues in favor of its advantages over alternative accounts. After discussing the key desiderata for a definition of discrimination (...) in general and speciesism in particular, a wide and evaluative account of speciesism is presented. According to it, speciesism is unjustified consideration or treatment of those who are not classified as belonging to a certain species. The article then discusses rival accounts, namely narrow and descriptive definitions of speciesism. The article argues that such accounts are problematic as they overly restrict the scope of phenomena that can be identified as speciesist and disrupt the continuity with other forms of discrimination such as racism and sexism. (shrink)