Results for 'Osamu Nureki'

109 found
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  1.  30
    The light‐driven sodium ion pump: A new player in rhodopsin research.Hideaki E. Kato, Keiichi Inoue, Hideki Kandori & Osamu Nureki - 2016 - Bioessays 38 (12):1274-1282.
    Rhodopsins are one of the most studied photoreceptor protein families, and ion‐translocating rhodopsins, both pumps and channels, have recently attracted broad attention because of the development of optogenetics. Recently, a new functional class of ion‐pumping rhodopsins, an outward Na+ pump, was discovered, and following structural and functional studies enable us to compare three functionally different ion‐pumping rhodopsins: outward proton pump, inward Cl− pump, and outward Na+ pump. Here, we review the current knowledge on structure‐function relationships in these three light‐driven pumps, (...)
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  2.  43
    Informed consent for the diagnosis of brain death: a conceptual argument.Osamu Muramoto - 2016 - Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 11:8.
    BackgroundThis essay provides an ethical and conceptual argument for the use of informed consent prior to the diagnosis of brain death. It is meant to enable the family to make critical end-of-life decisions, particularly withdrawal of life support system and organ donation, before brain death is diagnosed, as opposed to the current practice of making such decisions after the diagnosis of death. The recent tragic case of a 13-year-old brain-dead patient in California who was maintained on a ventilator for over (...)
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  3.  75
    Scale structure, coercion, and the interpretation of measure phrases in Japanese.Osamu Sawada & Thomas Grano - 2011 - Natural Language Semantics 19 (2):191-226.
    This paper investigates the semantics of measure phrases in Japanese. Based on new data, we argue that the interpretation of measure phrases in Japanese is sensitive to scale structure such that (i) measure phrases are introduced by a degree morpheme that selects only for gradable predicates whose scale contains a minimal element (i.e., a lower closed scale) and (ii) violations to this restriction are repaired via coercion, which forces a comparative interpretation with a contextually determined standard and hence a minimal (...)
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  4.  17
    Map for accomplishing spatial tasks.Osamu Hoshino, Takafumi Yoshizawa & Takeshi Kambara - 2002 - In Kunio Yasue, Mari Jibu & Tarcisio Della Senta, No Matter, Never Mind: Proceedings of Toward a Science of Consciousness: Fundamental Approaches (Tokyo '99). John Benjamins. pp. 33--289.
  5. Ningen keisei no rinrigakuteki kiso.Osamu Komaki - 1953
     
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  6. Shimin shugi no tachiba kara.Osamu Kuno - 1991 - Tōkyō: Heibonsha.
     
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  7. Tetsugaku no meicho.Osamu Kuno - 1964
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  8.  12
    Penser la condition existentielle de l’humanité au XXe siècle.Osamu Nishitani - 2016 - Rue Descartes 88 (1):99.
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  9.  29
    Japan's Civil Registration Systems Before and After the Meiji Restoration.Osamu Saito & Masahiro Sato - 2012 - In Saito Osamu & Sato Masahiro, Registration and Recognition: Documenting the Person in World History. pp. 113.
    This chapter traces the evolution of Japan's systems of household and land registration from c.1600 to the period of early Meiji reforms in the 1870s and 1880s, with due attention to the distinction between a system designed by the state and local forms of registration practice. In the section on the pre-Meiji period, one such local practice of having people ‘disowned’ and its consequence — registerlessness — is examined. The section on the Meiji reforms and the section that follows turn (...)
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  10.  9
    Scalarity of the Japanese initial mora-based minimizer: a compositional (lexically unspecified) minimizer and a non-compositional (lexically specified) minimizer.Osamu Sawada - 2023 - Natural Language Semantics 31 (2):71-120.
    This study investigates interpretations of the Japanese initial mora-based minimizer “X.Y...”-_no_ “X”-_no ji-mo_ ‘lit. even the letter “X” of “X.Y...”.’ Although initial mora-based minimizers have a literal interpretation of _ji_ ‘letter’, they have a non-literal interpretation as well. The non-literal interpretation has several distinctive features that are not present in ordinary minimizers. First, it is highly productive in that various expressions can appear in the form “X.Y...”-_no_ “X”-_no ji_. Second, non-literal minimizers typically co-occur with predicates that relate to knowledge, information, (...)
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  11.  34
    Type Nihilism, Token Realism: A Dialogue.Osamu Kiritani - 2024 - Pharos:16th Oct.
    This dialogue introduces type nihilism and token realism about the meaning of life.
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  12.  54
    Socially and temporally extended end-of-life decision-making process for dementia patients.Osamu Muramoto - 2011 - Journal of Medical Ethics 37 (6):339-343.
    There are two contrasting views on the decision-making for life-sustaining treatment in advanced stages of dementia when the patient is deemed incompetent. One is to respect the patient's precedent autonomy by adhering to advance directives or using the substituted judgement standard. The other is to use the best-interests standard, particularly if the current judgement on what is best for the incapacitated patient contradicts the instructions from the patient's precedent autonomy. In this paper, I argue that the protracted clinical course of (...)
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  13.  53
    Retrospective diagnosis of a famous historical figure: ontological, epistemic, and ethical considerations.Osamu Muramoto - 2014 - Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 9:10.
    The aim of this essay is to elaborate philosophical and ethical underpinnings of posthumous diagnosis of famous historical figures based on literary and artistic products, or commonly called retrospective diagnosis. It discusses ontological and epistemic challenges raised in the humanities and social sciences, and attempts to systematically reply to their criticisms from the viewpoint of clinical medicine, philosophy of medicine, particularly the ontology of disease and the epistemology of diagnosis, and medical ethics. The ontological challenge focuses on the doubt about (...)
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  14. ReTML.Osamu Kiritani - unknown
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  15.  24
    Robot and ukiyo-e: implications to cultural varieties in human–robot relationships.Osamu Sakura - 2022 - AI and Society 37 (4):1563-1573.
    The social and cultural causes behind the widespread use and acceptance of robots in Japan are not yet completely understood. This study compares humans and robots in images gathered through Google searches in Japanese and in English. Numerous pictures obtained by the search in Japanese were found to have a human and a robot looking together at something else (“third item”), whereas many of the images acquired by search in English show a human and a robot facing each other. This (...)
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  16. Solving the Socratic Problem—A Contribution from Medicine.Osamu Muramoto - 2018 - Mouseion 15 (online):1-29.
    This essay provides a medical theory that could clarify enigmas surrounding the historical Socrates. It offers textual evidence that Socrates had temporal lobe epilepsy and that its two types of seizure manifested as recurrent voices and peculiar behaviour, both of which were notorious hallmarks of Socrates. Common and immediate criticisms against the methodology of retrospective diagnosis are addressed first. Next, the diagnostic reasoning is presented in detail. The possibility of temporal lobe personality in Socrates is also considered. The important implication (...)
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  17. Naming and Necessity From a Functional Point of View.Osamu Kiritani - 2013 - Croatian Journal of Philosophy 13 (1):93-98.
    The aim of this paper is to develop a new connection between naming and necessity. I argue that Kripke’s historical account of naming presupposes the functional necessity of naming. My argument appeals to the etiological notion of function, which can be thought to capture the necessity of functionality in historical terms. It is shown that the historical account of naming entails all conditions in an etiological definition of function.
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  18. Teleology and the Meaning of Life.Osamu Kiritani - 2012 - Journal of Mind and Behavior 33 (1-2):97-102.
    The “units of selection” debate in philosophy of biology addresses which entity benefits from natural selection. Nanay has tried to explain why we are obsessed with the question about the meaning of life, using the notion of group selection, although he is skeptical about answering the question from a biological point of view. The aim of this paper is to give a biological explanation to the meaning of life. I argue that the meaning of life is survival and reproduction, appealing (...)
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  19.  77
    The problem of vitalism revisited.Osamu Kanamori - 2005 - Angelaki 10 (2):13 – 26.
    (2005). The Problem of Vitalism Revisited. Angelaki: Vol. 10, continental philosophy and the sciences the french tradition issue editor: andrew aitken, pp. 13-26.
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  20. Ethical Controversy Surrounding the Revision of the Uniform Determination of Death Act in the United States.Osamu Muramoto - 2023 - In Peter A. Clark, Contemporary Issues in Clinical Bioethics. Intech Open. pp. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.1002031.
    This chapter reviews fundamental ethical controversy surrounding the ongoing effort to revise the Uniform Determination of Death Act in the United States. Instead of focusing on the process of the revision itself, the chapter explores the underlying ethical debate over brain death that has been ongoing for many decades and finally culminated in this revision. Three issues are focused: the requirement for consent and personal exemptions before applying brain death for the diagnosis of death; redefining the areas of the brain (...)
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  21.  5
    Rinriteki sekai no tankyū: ningen, shakai, shūkyō.Osamu Hamai - 2004 - Tōkyō: Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai.
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  22. Taishōgaku no kenkū.Osamu Hatano - 1973
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  23.  32
    An Examination of the Relationship between Personality Development of Identity and Physical Education.Osamu Hayashi & Keiji Umeno - 2005 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport and Physical Education 27 (1):17-33.
  24.  26
    The logic of intervention in knowledge production.Osamu Kanamori - 1999 - Social Epistemology 13 (3 & 4):263 – 267.
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  25. Modān to posuto modān.Osamu Kawasaki (ed.) - 1992 - Tōkyō: Bokutakusha.
     
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  26.  39
    Two simple characterizations of the Nash bargaining solution.Osamu Mori - 2018 - Theory and Decision 85 (2):225-232.
    We provide two alternative characterizations of the Nash bargaining solution. We introduce new simple axioms, strong undominatedness by the disagreement point, and egalitarian Pareto optimality. First, we prove that the Nash solution is characterized by symmetry, scale invariance, independence of irrelevant alternatives, and strong undominatedness by the disagreement point. Second, we replace the independence of irrelevant alternatives axiom with the sandwich axiom and egalitarian Pareto optimality. We then demonstrate that the Nash solution is characterized by symmetry, scale invariance, strong undominatedness (...)
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  27.  7
    Senrōron.Osamu Nishitani - 1992 - Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten.
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  28. Registration and Recognition: Documenting the Person in World History.Saito Osamu & Sato Masahiro - 2012
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  29. A Proposal of the Pluralistic Terminology Implicated from.Osamu Sakura - forthcoming - Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science.
     
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  30. Gendai Shisåo to Shite No Kankyåo Mondai Nåo to Idenshi No Kyåosei.Osamu Sakura - 1992
     
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  31.  16
    What is this Thing Called ^|^ldquo;Group of Animals^|^rdquo;?Osamu Sakura - 1995 - Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science 8 (5):237-252.
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  32.  26
    Philosophy of Agricultural Science: A Japanese Perspective.Osamu Soda - 2006 - Distributor, International Specialized Book Services.
    This book, written by one of the leading Japanese scholars in the philosophy of agricultural science, examines the relationship between human life, the natural environment, and agriculture.
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  33.  31
    Developing social awareness and positive attitudes towards pace running in elementary school students, a social constructivist perspective.Osamu Suzuki, Naoto Kawasaki & Masaru Negami - 2005 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport and Physical Education 27 (1):1-16.
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  34.  10
    Inochi to sei no monogatari: jinkakuteki sonzai to shite no ningen no rinri.Osamu Takeuchi - 2023 - Tōkyō: Shunjūsha.
    現代人が直面する、安楽死、臓器移植、死刑といった倫理問題に、徳、善、良心、愛を基礎として、読者と共に考えぬく強靱な思索。.
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  35. Socrates and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Pathographic Diagnosis 2,400 Years Later.Osamu Muramoto - 2006 - Epilepsia 47 (3):652-654.
    Purpose: Some enigmatic remarks and behaviors of Socrates have been a subject of debate among scholars. We investigated the possibility of underlying epilepsy in Socrates by analyzing pathographic evidence in ancient literature from the viewpoint of the current understanding of seizure semiology. Methods: We performed a case study from a literature survey. Results: In 399 BCE, Socrates was tried and executed in Athens on the charge of “impiety.” His charges included the “introduction of new deities” and “not believing in the (...)
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  36. Function and Modality.Osamu Kiritani - 2011 - Journal of Mind and Behavior 32 (1):1-4.
    Naturalistic teleological accounts of mental content rely on an etiological theory of function. Nanay has raised a new objection to an etiological theory, and proposed an alternative theory of function that attributes modal force to claims about function. The aim of this paper is both to defend and to cast a new light on an etiological theory of function. I argue against Nanay’s “trait type individuation objection,” suggesting that an etiological theory also attributes modal force to claims about function. An (...)
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  37. Critical analysis of three arguments against consent requirement for the diagnosis of brain death.Osamu Muramoto - manuscript
    In modern hospitals in developed countries, deaths are determined usually after a prearranged schedule of resuscitative efforts. By default, death is diagnosed and determined after “full code” or after the failure of intensive resuscitation. In end-of-life contexts, however, various degrees of less-than-full resuscitation and sometimes no resuscitation are allowed after the consent and shared decision-making of the patient and/or surrogates. The determination of brain death is a unique exception in these contexts because such an end-of-life care plan is usually not (...)
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  38.  13
    Sense-based low-degree modifiers in Japanese and English: their relations to experience, evaluation, and emotions.Osamu Sawada - 2024 - Linguistics and Philosophy 47 (4):653-702.
    This study investigates the meanings of the Japanese low-degree modifiers _kasukani_ ‘faintly’ and _honokani_ ‘approx. faintly’ and the English low-degree modifier _faintly_. I argue that, unlike typical low-degree modifiers such as _sukoshi_ ‘a bit’ in Japanese and _a bit_ in English, they are sense-based in that they not only semantically denote a small degree but also convey that the judge (typically the speaker) measures the degree of predicates based on their own sense (the senses of sight, smell, taste, etc.) at (...)
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  39.  66
    Review of Souzousei wa Dokokara Yatte Kuruka [Where Does Creativity Come From]? by Yukio Pegio Gunji. [REVIEW]Osamu Kiritani - 2024 - Journal of Mind and Behavior 45 (3-4):345-348.
    Cognitive science uses artificial intelligence to model the human mind. In this book, Yukio Pegio Gunji, a Japanese theoretical biologist, proposes the notion of “traumatic structure” to capture human creativity. He suggests that creativity is difficult to model with AI because it comes from “the outside.” According to Gunji, cognitive scientists like Boden (2004) view creativity merely as a manipulation of data, and fail to capture anything that comes from the outside. He compares the outside to what Wittgenstein (1922/1998) stated (...)
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  40. Nakae Tōju no sōgōteki kenkyū.Osamu Furukawa - 1996 - Tōkyō: Perikansha.
  41. Shakai tetsugaku no hōhō to seishin.Osamu Hamai - 1975
     
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  42. Chūgoku ni okeru ningensei no tankyū.Osamu Kanaya (ed.) - 1983 - Tōkyō: Sōbunsha.
  43.  36
    Une ^|^eacute;pist^|^eacute;mologie de l'instrument chez Gaston Bachelard.Osamu Kanamori - 1995 - Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science 8 (5):267-278.
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  44.  54
    System design of “Ba”-like stages for improvisational acts via Leibnizian space–time and Peirce’s existential graph concepts.Osamu Katai, Katsushi Minamizono, Takayuki Shiose & Hiroshi Kawakami - 2007 - AI and Society 22 (2):101-112.
    A framework for “improvisational” social acts and communication is introduced by referring to the idea of “relationalism” such as natural farming, permaculture and deep ecology. Based on this conception, the notion of Existential Graph by C. S. Peirce is introduced. The notion of extended self in deep ecology is substantiated based on the Roy Adaptation Model in Nursing Theory and Narrative approaches. By focusing on Leibnizian notions of space and time and by introducing Petri net, a spatio-temporal model of improvisation (...)
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  45. Hōshi no dōtokugaku.Osamu Komaki - 1944
     
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  46. (1 other version)Rinrigaku.Osamu Komaki - 1958 - Edited by Hideo Yamada & Yasuo Kudō.
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  47.  85
    Harsanyi's Social Aggregation Theorem and Dictatorship.Osamu Mori - 2003 - Theory and Decision 55 (3):257-272.
    In this paper I investigate the possibility of a dictatorship in the context of Harsanyi's Social Aggregation Theorem. Preliminarily, some propositions about Harsanyi's Theorem are presented using an alternative principle that I name Quasi-strong Pareto, which is the latter part of Strong Pareto. Then I define dictatorship as a requirement that social preference agrees with a dictator's preference or those of members of dictatorial group even if their preferences strictly contradict those of all other people in the society. Conclusively, although (...)
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  48.  37
    Is informed consent required for the diagnosis of brain death regardless of consent for organ donation?Osamu Muramoto - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (12):e5-e5.
    In the half-century history of clinical practice of diagnosing brain death, informed consent has seldom been considered until very recently. Like many other medical diagnoses and ordinary death pronouncements, it has been taken for granted for decades that brain death is diagnosed and death is declared without consideration of the patient’s advance directives or family’s wishes. This essay examines the pros and cons of using informed consent before the diagnosis of brain death from an ethical point of view. As shared (...)
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  49. Jehovah's Witness bioethics.Osamu Muramoto - 2008 - In Peter A. Singer & A. M. Viens, The Cambridge textbook of bioethics. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 416.
     
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  50.  5
    Naze keizaigaku wa shizen o mugen to toraeta ka.Osamu Nakamura - 1995 - Tōkyō: Nihon Keizai Hyōronsha.
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