The current article discusses the distinction between affective valence—the degree to which an affective response represents pleasure or displeasure—and semantic valence, the degree to which an object or event is considered positive or negative. To date, measures that reflect positivity and negativity are usually placed under the same conceptual umbrella (e.g., valence, affective, emotional), with minimal distinction between the modes of valence they reflect. Recent work suggests that what might seem to reflect a monolithic structure of valence has at least (...) two different, confounding underlying sources, affective and semantic, that are fundamentally distinct, dissociable, and that obey different, recognizable rules. The current work discusses this distinction and provides implications for affective science from both the theoretical and the empirical perspective. (shrink)

Source: Author: Oksana Gorbanyova The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of using interactive technologies in the process of teaching a foreign language at a higher educational institution. The principal result of our research is the analysis of the influence of using interactive techniques on acquiring communicative competence and personal development. The major conclusions estimate the significance of applying interactive technologies in learning process. ]]>.

Oxana Timofeeva's The History of Animals: A Philosophy is an original and ambitious treatment of the "animal question". While philosophers have always made distinctions between human beings and animals, Timofeeva imagines a world free of such walls and borders. Timofeeva shows the way towards the full acceptance of our animality; an acceptance which does not mean the return to our animal roots, or anything similar. The freedom generated by this acceptance operates through negativity; is an effect of the rejection of (...) the very core of metaphysical philosophy and Christian culture, traditionally opposed to our 'animal' nature and seemingly detached from it. (shrink)

У статті аналізується питання розколу українського православ'я з акцентом на політичну складову цього процесу. Співіснування трьох юрисдикцій православної церкви цілком може сприйматися як невід'ємна складова функціонування світської держави, натомість у випадку України це стало однією з найнагальніших проблем у процесі становлення держави. Автор пов'язує такий стан речей, зокрема, із процесом медіатизації, який, будучи яскраво представлений у релігійній сфері, створює умови для широкого обговорення окресленого питання.

The paper reviews historical and regional studies publications of Volyn periodicals in the 19 th -20 th centuries, which covered the Ukrainian-Polish-Russian relations. Their key theme lines are indicated, specifically a socio-economic line which addressed social inequality problems, enslavement of Ukrainian peasants by Polish gentry at the time when some Ukrainian regions were a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; a religious line which covered consequences of Polonization, threats to Orthodoxy, feats and courage of its defenders; an ethnographic line which attempted (...) to describe the history of origin of nations and the specifics of their national self-identification. It is shown that all these lines of publications featured different ideological tendencies. Thus some articles from ‘Volynskiye Gubernskiye Vedomosti’, ‘Pochayevskiye Izvestiya’ and ‘Volynskiye Yeparkhialniye Vedomosti’ were analyzed, which allowed to trace propaganda of the Russian Empire in the spirit of Russian monarchism and chauvinism spreading via press. Those processes had a rather negative impact on social and interethnic moods of the Ukrainian-Polish-Russian relations in the imperialist context. By contrast with the above, journalists of the democratic newspaper ‘Vestnik Volyni’ advocated the Polish and Ukrainian self-identification. (shrink)

Modern socio-human sciences, under the influence of transformational processes, rethinking established concepts, turn to problems that were previously in the "shadow" of the actual. One such object of study is the ontological security of a person, who is studied by various sciences. The question of personality security can not be overlooked by the sociology of religion, since religion, as a socio-spiritual phenomenon, is directly woven into the mechanisms of formation of a particular state of personality.

In today's world, with extraordinary force, such religious functions as axiological, moral-regulative, ideological and compensatory are actualized. In the process of successive secularization, the influence of religion on human communities and their way of world perception, world outlook and life significantly decreased. The gradual differentiation of the forms of social consciousness has led to the fact that religions in its variations of different confessions and traditions of expression, the segment of moral and spiritual influence on humanity was left to guard. (...) And such a situation was considered justified and expedient, especially given the harm that human communities have been making attempts to religiously legitimize a purely political decision of specific individual policy makers. Abuse of religion to cover private economic or political interests has led to negative consequences in public life, and sometimes in wars and extremism. However, with the beginning of the 21st century and the event of discrediting contemporary secular values-not-motivated regulatory forms of organization of social reality, it becomes apparent that religions have not exhausted their socio-regulatory potential. (shrink)

The article analyzes the student's period of Sydor Holubovych in the context of social and political processes taking place among Western students of the late nineteenth century. Found out its role in the political life in the Ruthenian-Ukrainian Radical Party (RURP). In particular, we show students influential political force, which played an important role in the ideological evolution RURP. Noted S. Holubovych part in the activities of students society of "Academic Fraternity". Detail highlights the process of organizational development students' society (...) of "Academic Community", the peculiarities of cultural, educational and social work during the presidency of S. Holubovych. The role of the community in educating highly qualified professionals and the formation of their active citizenship. (shrink)

The article explores the influence of Kantian and Neo-Kantian philosophy on a prominent philosopher and educator, Yevhen Vasyliovych Spektorskyi’s (1875–1951) views regarding the nature and methodology of social sciences. First, it explores Spektorskyi’s consideration of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) as a philosopher of science, emphasizing the critical aspect of his philosophy and its significant prospects for ethics and social philosophy. Next, it investigates how Spektorskyi became acquainted with and was influenced by Neo-Kantian philosophy, especially the Marburg school. The main problem through (...) the lens of which Spektorskyi analyzed their achievements was the idea of “pure” ethics as a firm foundation for social science, while criticizing Herman Cohen (1842–1918) for claiming this foundation to lie in jurisprudence. Despite being an adherent of the Baden school, Bohdan Kistiakivskyi (1868–1920) presented views that were quite similar to Spektorskyi’s regarding the exceptional status and methods of social science. The emphasis on logical procedures and the need for rational discussion allows us to draw a parallel between Spektorskyi and the development of Kantian ideas in the 20th-century communicative philosophy. The justification of the “moral” sciences led Spektorskyi to criticize the Baden Neo-Kantians, advocating for the moral nature of social sciences and their importance in constructing social reality. The project of rational social science aimed at governance and politics is reminiscent of Kant’s “anthroponomy”. (shrink)

Human cholinesterase has recently been sequenced and cloned. It is a glycoprotein of 4 identical subunits, each subunit containing 9 carbohydrate chains and 3.5 disulfide bonds. Protein folding is likely to be very similar in human cholinesterase and Torpedo acetylcholinesterase. The cholinesterases have no significant sequence homology with the serine proteases and seem to belong to a separate serine esterase family.

У статті на основі аналізу фрагментів з листів червоноармійців, зроблених співробітниками Державного політичного управління (ДПУ) в рамках практики перлюстрації, реконструйовані окремі аспекти сприйняття червоноармійцями навколишньої дійсності, політики та ідеології нової влади, свого місця в новому суспільстві і його соціальній структурі. Зокрема простежуються результати активної антирелігійної кампанії, прагнення більшовиків у процесі ідеологічного впливу на червоноармійців зв'язати в їх свідомості релігію з пригніченням, владою буржуазних класів. Зафіксована і зворотна реакція самих червоноармійців: від високого рівня засвоєння ідеологем, до сумнівів і неприйняття їх.

The article describes the features of the relationship between Soviet power and engineering specialists, who was working in senior positions in factories and mines of theDonbasin the early 1920's. Interaction between professionals and the new government in that time was inconsistent and compromised. On the one hand, technical specialist received significant preferences and opportunities, regardless of their relationship to the Soviet authorities. This decision was based on the rational considerations about the impossibility of restoring the destroyed industry ofDonbasonly by party (...) instructions, without relying on a professional understanding of the fundamental aspects of the industry. On the other hand, the local party members, their leaders and the working class began pressure on the specialist, because they not understood the rationalist motivation of power and evaluated this policy as a betrayal of conquests of the revolution. The article presents a previously unknown secret document, which demonstrates that in the early 1920's the Soviet authorities in their policy in theDonbasmade a bid for the segmentation of the group of engineering specialists. "Sovietization" of professionals should be the result of internal contradictions and competition in mid group. In the same document founded the practice of detailed surveillance specialists. Later this information about specialists was used as the base for charges during the "spetseedovskie" processes at the late 1920's -1930's. (shrink)

ABSTRACTPeople sometimes report both pleasant and unpleasant feelings when presented with affective stimuli. However, what is reported as “mixed emotions” might reflect semantic knowledge about the...

In this paper is constructed an analogue of the square of opposition for propositions about relations between two non-empty sets. Unlike the classical square of opposition, the proposed scheme uses all logically possible syllogistic constants, formulated in V.I. Markin’s universal language for traditional positive syllogistic theories. This scheme can be called “Logical lantern”. The basic constants of this language are representing the five basic relations between two non-empty sets: equity, strict inclusion, reversed strict inclusion, intersection and exclusion (considered are only (...) the relations between sets, but not the relations of the sets to the universe). The other relations between sets are combinations (disjunctions) of the basic ones. There are 32 constants and 32 respective propositions, and the proposed diagram expresses and/or allows to deduce the logical relations among those propositions. The constructed scheme, making it possible to visually see the logical relations among propositions about relations between two non-empty sets, allows us to suggest considering logical relations not discussed previously: many-place Aristotelian-like logical relations among propositions: exhaustive _n_-place contrariety and exhaustive _n_-place subcontrariety (_n_ is a natural number, \(n>2\) ). (shrink)

Oksana Horkusha’s article «The World Outlook function of religion and church identity: challenges in the contempopary coordinates of Ukrainian reality» analyzes the world outlook functioning of churches in the events of modern Ukraine. The rhetoric and the activity of church institutions are explored, on the basis of which the 3 levels of perception of reality are distinguished: 1) global 2) "Russko-mirovsky" 3) Ukrainian. Given the characteristic of each of them.

У статті розглядаються погляди на феномен релігії представника наукової думки ХІХ століття М. І. Костомарова, якого частіше презентують як історика, упускаючи важливі для української науки сторони його творчості. Прикладом такого стану речей є його релігієзнавчий спадок, який досі залишається маловивченим й аспекти якого слід розглядати в контексті світової релігієзнавчої думки. За творами М. І. Костомарова встановлено розуміння ним сутності релігії, зіставлено ідеї дослідника з поглядами представників релігієзнавства й виявлено, що деякі з них передували ідеям, розвинутим релігієзнавчою думкою в майбутньому.

In the Article of Oksana Shepetyak "Statistical Analysis of the Relationship between the Numbers of Christian Churches of the Middle East"is analyzed the modernity of the Christians communities in their historical regions and tendency in their development. The diversity of Eastern Christianity requires a broad and multifaceted study. Most researchers focus on the history of formation, theological and liturgical aspects, and contemporaneity. This study is devoted to the comparison of only statistics, which, however, reveal an entirely new picture of (...) the Christian East. The comparison of the number of believers in the Eastern Churches shows that the Oriental non-orthodox churches dominate in the Alexandrian tradition, while the Eastern Catholic Churches predominate in the East Syrian and Western-Syrian tradition. Instead, the Churches of the Byzantine tradition in the Middle East turned into small religious communities. (shrink)

This article considers the ethical dimension of technological science (technoscience), namely, the problem of the applicability of the categories of ‘good’ and ‘evil’ to the functioning of new technologies. Aspects of evil brought about by the introduction of new technologies (i.e. lack/scarcity of resources, devaluation of human labour, ignorance of/inability to use technical tools, violations of the measure and harmony of life, etc.) are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to a new form of evil, namely artificial/technological evil. The article argues (...) that the emergence of such evils is associated with the growing scale of human intervention in the natural course of things and with recent advances in technology. Dangers related to the uncontrolled development of technological science along many axes of human existence are analysed. The authors conclude that overcoming artificial evil is possible via a transition from a man-made to an anthropogenic (intellectual and humanistic) form of civilisation in which the achievements of technoscience serve not the self-destruction of mankind but the discovery of essential human forces. (shrink)

Ukraine is a multi-confessional state. Here, various worldview systems coexist, often syncretizing various traditional elements, and the individual worldview is often marked by eclecticism. The colorful worldviews of modern Ukrainians are a consequence of their ambiguous spiritual history and the manifestation of today's world-wide processes in the world. For this reason, we cannot speak of any particular theological system that substantiates one religious concept. Instead, we can trace some common trends in different theological systems that in one way or another (...) attempt to satisfy the contemporary worldviews of believing Ukrainians. (shrink)

The article analyzes the events that took place in Ukraine on the verge of 2013–2014. This events are called Dignity Revolution. The authors argue that this revolution was the unifying factor of Ukrainian churches and religious organizations, a kind of manifestation of Christian ecumenism and interreligious understanding that jointly opposed the criminal power, for freedom and independence of Ukraine, for the dignity of every Ukrainian.

The author responds to the article by L. Fylypovych "Does Contemporary Ukrainian Religious Studies have a Strategy for Survival and Development?", where she gives her recommendations for overcoming the crisis in humanities in general and in religious studies in particular.

In article describes the mechanism provide the economic security on the base of combination marketing and State economic regulation levers control this process.

У статті на основі широкого кола історичної літератури та джерел висвітлено розвиток нафтогазової промисловості Прикарпаття й становлення її науково-технічного потенціалу, досягнення, тенденції, перспективи. Автор доводить, що провідне місце в широкому колі національних і галузевих вузів заслужено посів вищий технічний навчальний заклад - Івано-Франківський інститут нафти і газу, де проводилися ґрунтовні наукові дослідження та навчання майбутніх спеціалістів країни.

У статті розглядається перша магістерська дисертація М. І. Костомарова "Про причини і характер унії в Західній Росії" як унікальний твір, у якому вперше центральною проблемою для автора стала народна історія. Проаналізовано дійсні причини ліквідації дисертації і її наукове значення. Переглянуто зміст твору й основні проблеми, котрі не досліджувалися науковцями раніше.

The article is dedicated to analyzing the nature of genius in the context of the development of fiction about artists. From the biographies of the famous Renaissance artists by G. Vasari, who made one of the first attempts at chronicling the lives of geniuses of his time, to modern fictionalized biographies of genius artists – we can trace the desire of writers to comprehend the nature of the artists and sculptors’ genius. The foundation of the concept of genius can be (...) found in Immanuel Kant’s works, which synthesized theories developed previously and influenced the understanding of genius by future generations. The paper analyses the consonance of Kant’s aesthetics with the concept of genius in fictionalized biographies of F. Goya, M. Bashkirtseva, V. van Gogh, P. Gauguin, O. Novakivskyi, K. Bilokur, P. Picasso, V. Tsymbal, S. Karaffa-Korbut and other artists, while focusing on the Ukrainian texts of the 20th–early 21st centuries. The research attempts to single out and analyze elements of conceptualizing the notion of genius in novels, including the concepts of the beautiful and the sublime in art, recognition of genius in society, the gender aspect of genius, the issues of heredity, and others. The representation of the image of genius in visual arts, iconography, and the cult of genius are discussed within an intermedial framework. The research relies on literary and art criticism methodology and comparative and intermedial studies. (shrink)

The article deals with the study of specific aspects of daily life of management and ordinary workers of the Ukrainian police at the mid 1920's based on the much-discussed in the press "Kievcase". This case was about systematic bribery in Ukrainian police (in modern language - about corruption). In this way we have detected the conditions, causes and mechanisms of the corruption that matter for the modern study of this phenomenon.

Стаття є спробою розкрити основи сучасного розуміння суспільства і людини на прикладі праць таких сучасних соціологів-теоретиків, як П. Бергер, Т. Лукман і Н. Луман. Метою її є теоретичний аналіз поняття реальності в контексті феноменологічної і семіотичної теорій. Феноменологічний і семіотичний аналіз проблеми, в обґрунтуванні названих авторів, дають змогу створити сучасну картину суспільної реальності. Актуальність дослідження зумовлена сучасними змінами парадигми в бік трактування «об’єктивного» як текстуальності, конструктивності та полісемії значень. У такому разі мета індивіда і суспільства полягає у віднаходженні ними своїх (...) пережитих значень щодо реальності. Спостерігаємо зміну перспективи в розумінні реальності, суспільства, людини. (shrink)

Ukrainian national pedagogy in its development was based on the organic combination of national and Christian ideals. Christian humanity was the norm of interpersonal, interethnic, and everyday social existence of our people. Modern Ukrainian society needs spiritual rehabilitation, which is obviously only possible in the interaction of four fundamental factors: state, church, education system and family. Today it is right to mention the outstanding Ukrainian educator G.Vaschenko, who insisted, first of all, on the implementation of the principle of educational education, (...) which should go under the slogan "service to God and the Motherland", and therefore it is necessary to ensure the unity of national and Christian ideals in the present being of the titular nation. The words of the Ukrainian enlightener A.Richinsky sound like a bitter prophecy: "The result of spiritual fatigue is that the life of the people becomes too materialistic, with the decline of national shrines and unifying ideology, everyone cares only about private interest, the provision of material well-being, feeling already unable to dream about the higher ideals of the nation ". It is the religious worldview that gives a believer a certain amount of values ​​through which he solves the question of the meaning of his existence, his attitude to the world, to the state in which he lives. (shrink)

The article deals with analysis of the formation and historical significance of two traditions in Eastern Christianity, which emerged as a result of the rejection of theological decisions of the Chalcedon Ecumenical Council, that means, they adopted into their own theological tradition significant influences of monophysitism. This concerns Syriac Jacobite and Coptic Churches, as well as the churches that are associated with them in historical and theological cognation.

In the article, the author substantiates the thesis that the study of the historiography of early Neo-Thomism is extremely important for research on the history of its Ukrainian branch and, accordingly, the creation of its Ukrainian historiography. Early Neotomism is a significant stage in the development of Neotomism. Under its influence, Ukrainian neo-Thomists Andrei Sheptytsky, J. Slipyj, and M. Konrad formed their views. Its study is an important part of the historiography of Ukrainian Neo-Thomism. The study of early Neo-Thomism helps (...) not only to objectively assess the views of Ukrainian Neo-Thomists, but also to distinguish the views of thinkers who do not belong to it, as in the case of H. Kostelnyk. The historiography of the issue includes not only the works of Ukrainian thinkers and studies devoted to their views, but also the sources of Neotomism, the works of foreign Neotomists, and studies that help to reconstruct the inherent context of the ideas of the representatives of the movement in Ukraine. The most important of these types of works are the encyclicals of the Popes and documents of the Church, the works of Neo-Thomist philosophers, and the achievements of researchers of this period. They help to recreate the context and clarify the features of early Neo-Thomism. The main one is objective idealism, which is used to criticise subjectivism in philosophy. The next feature is the reference not directly to the works of Thomas Aquinas, but to the encyclicals of the Popes, Church documents, and the works of famous Neo-Thomists. Thus, the absence of direct references to St Thomas is not a reason to think that a thinker cannot be a Neotomist. The study of early Neo-Thomism is an important part of the historiography of Ukrainian Neo-Thomism. His research will make it possible not only to objectively assess the views of Ukrainian neo-Thomists, but also to distinguish the views of thinkers who do not belong to it. As a result, it can be argued that the study of the historiography of early neo-Thomism is extremely important for research on the history of its Ukrainian branch and, accordingly, for the creation of the historiography of the issue. (shrink)

Одним з найважливіших напрямів реформування сучасної української освіти є всебічне наскрізне впровадження та застосування компетентнісного підходу в навчанні, вихованні, практичній підготовці школярів. Традиційна знаннєво-інформаційна парадигма навчання виявилася неконкурентоспроможною: учні могли мати обширні знання, однак не могли їх реалізувати на практиці. Як засвідчують дослідження, «стара» школа була переобтяжена формальними знаннями, які відсторонювали дитину від реальності. Практика доводить, що освітяни мають шукати нові, інноваційні, особистісно- і практично-орієнтовані методології навчання і виховання. Переорієнтація освіти на компетентнісну парадигму потребує додаткових досліджень. Дану статтю присвячено визначенню (...) сутності компетентнісного підходу та можливості втілення теоретичних знань про нього в освітній практиці України. (shrink)

With the aim of tracing the peculiarities of modern cognition and its educational explications, we are aware that the fundamental provisions of the stated topic are properly and comprehensively studied. The convincing evidence of this is the hundreds of publications on the most diverse range of issues in the problematic complex, as well as the depth and systematic comprehension of them. Many of these studies can be safely classified as fundamental and combined with the specifics of cognition, whose ideological and (...) aesthetic and cultural-intellectual discourse impresses with interpretive polyphony. Do not make an exception in this context, and domestic researchers, for most of thempost-Soviet realities have become an important factor for scientific and theological reflections, and often also for changing philosophical and methodological approaches to the consideration of the problem of cognition. (shrink)

A detailed analysis of psycho-pedagogical, methodological and linguistic sources in the article has allowed one to justify and build a holistic model of developing communicative professional competence in economics students. This author’s model includes the interrelated components of communicative professional activities, criteria for their assessment and levels of communicative professional competence in economics students. The following pedagogical conditions have been presented in the context of the research: modelling probable professional communicative situations in the educational process; ensuring communicative professional orientation of (...) information and communication technologies; strengthening the subjective position of students during communicative professional training. Their effective use in the educational process contributes to developing the motivational sphere of students, improving their knowledge of languages ​​and other academic courses, enhancing their abilities to apply the obtained knowledge in practice and adequately assess themselves as specialists. The international relevance of the article lies in offering guidelines for educational institutions that strive to enhance the educational processes in a postmodern society. (shrink)

The article by Oksana Horkusha “Interconfessional dialogue in modern Ukraine: impulses, conditions, purpose, subjects, levels of understanding” analyzes the motives, conditions, goals, subjects and levels of understanding of the interconfessional dialogue in contemporary Ukraine. Interconfessional dialogue cannot have a purpose in itself. Different confessions reach agreement only in the process of such dialogue, which are carried out by mutually viable actors who have a common goal, are in the same cultural-historical context, a definite problem, for the solution of which (...) is used by adequate dialogue platforms, methods and instruments. (shrink)

The article considers the issue of chnging the main anthropic characteristics of a human under the influence of the rapid development of the latest technologies. Such changes cause the need to revise the usual interpretation of the concept of ‘human’, which is gradually being substituted by the currently popular concepts of ‘trans-’ and ‘post-human’. These concepts are favourably perceived by the techno-optimists, who believe that the latest technologies will allow us to create people who will be physically, intellectually and spiritually (...) superior to the people of today, although they admit that this may lead to greater social inequality. The article states that the post-human potential is too ambiguous to clearly outline it. On the one hand, it opens up unprecedented possibilities, which can be considered the highest manifestation of human freedom, i.e. the ability to model a person according to one’s vision. On the other – there is a real threat to human existence itself, namely, the danger of technological capture of the potential for human improvement. Therefore, the task of the article is to outline the possible prospects for the formation and improvement of modern human identity under the conditions of its combination with the other, non-human species and the latest technologies. This is possible under the condition of acceptance of new possibilities for the post-human as the liberating force that overcomes the negativity and limitations of human nature. The comparative method and the method of analysis were used in the article. (shrink)

Building a biobank network in developing countries is essential to foster genomic research and precision medicine for patients’ benefit. However, there are serious barriers to establishing biobanks in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Ukraine. Here, we outline key barriers and essential milestones for the successful expansion of biobanks, genomic research and personalised medicine in Ukraine, drawing from the experience of other LMICs. A lack of legal and ethical governance in conjunction with limited awareness about biobanking and community distrust are (...) the principal threats to establishing biobanks. The experiences of LMICs suggest that Ukraine urgently needs national guidelines covering ethical and legal aspects of biospecimen-related research. National guidelines must be consistent with international ethical recommendations for safeguarding participants’ rights, welfare and privacy. Additionally, efforts to educate and engage physicians and patient communities are essential for achieving biobanking goals and benefits for precision medicine and future patients. (shrink)