Michel Clare est né le 21 février 1927 à Sceaux. Études secondaires, bachelier. Résistance et séjour au Maquis de Lorris à dix-sept ans. Puis sport pour guérir des déceptions d’après la Libération : athlétisme, champion de France du 800 mètres en 1949. De nombreuses fois international. Entre à l’Equipe en 1953 où il occupe les fonctions de grand reporter et spécialiste du ski. Auteur d’un livre sur le Ski (La table ronde). Lauréat de l’Académie des Sports pour une (...) enquête sur les universités américaines et du concours du meilleur article du journalisme sportif. A couvert tous les Jeux olympiques d’hiver et d’été de cette dernière décennie. Collabore, de façon épisodique, à Esprit. (shrink)

In sequence-space synaesthesia, members of linguistic sequences such as numbers, days of the week and letters of the alphabet are perceived to occupy spatial positions, either in the mind's eye or as locations in space around the body. In this chapter, we begin by considering the possible sequences that can induce this type of synaesthesia, with the focus on numbers, time-units and letters. We evaluate the various methods used to test the genuineness of self-reports of this type of synaesthesia, and (...) we make suggestions for novel techniques that could address the shortcomings of the current methods. Lastly, we briefly outline the current theories on the neural basis of this type of synaesthesia, including the recent reification hypothesis. We conclude by discussing how scientific findings with sequence-space synaesthetes can be beneficial for the study of cognitive psychology more generally. (shrink)

"Clare O'Farrell is to be congratulated on producing a truly magnificent book on the work of Michel Foucault. There are details, insights and observations that will engage the specialist and there is an extensive documentation of Foucault's output. If there is a more comprehensive book on Foucault's work I have yet to see it. I anticipate those teaching and taking courses on Foucault's work will find Clare O'Farrell's book to be an invaluable resource'" - Barry Smart, University (...) of Portsmouth "Dr. Clare O'Farrell has written a marvelous introduction to this Foucault for that ever growing number of readers who are working in what has come to be designated as cultural studies. This volume captures the penetrating interdisciplinary concerns that have made Foucault a guide to so many beyond the frontiers of philosophy and history, beyond the borders of the academic community itself. O'Farrell is an excellent guide to Foucault's exploration of culture, highlighting, as she does, the characteristic insights of his learning: the instability of cultural forms of order, the subversive potential of historical analyses, the variety of true discourses within history, and his commitment to social justice. O'Farrell reveals Foucault as he is: the engaged moralist who survived the twentieth century's systems of total explanation. This is an excellent introduction for the general reader to a passionate mind that continues to spread its influence'" - James Bernauer, Boston College Michel Foucault's work is one of the most influential sources of ideas in the humanities and social sciences today. Clare O'Farrell offers a comprehensive and accessible introduction to Foucault's enormous, diverse and challenging output. Her book provides a range of practical tools and a reference work for readers who wish to understand and apply his ideas at both introductory and advanced levels. This volume includes: - a discussion of Foucault's situation in the contemporary context exploring his role as an iconic thinker, with clear explanations as to why his work is so difficult to come to grips with, and also importantly, why it is of interest to so many people. - the location of Foucault's work within its own historical, social and political setting. - brief summaries in chronological order of all of Foucault's major works, including the more recently published volumes of lectures. - the organization of Foucault's work around five distinct but interrelated series of assumptions which underpin his world view: namely order, history, truth, power and ethics. Ideas for which he is well-known, such as archaeology, genealogy, discourse, discipline, governmentality, the subject and others are defined and discussed within the framework of these five assumptions. - a chronology of Foucault's life, work and times. - a very extensive list of key concepts in Foucault's work with detailed references pointing to where the relevant material can be found in his writings. - a wide-ranging list of resources and a bibliography of Foucault's work for easy consultation. (shrink)

Bioethics, Volume 35, Issue 7, Page 696-703, September 2021.

Chacun connaît les pyramides égyptiennes, les temples grecs, le forum romain et convient que ces traces de civilisations mortes prouvent... que les civilisations meurent, donc qu'elles sont mortelles! Notre civilisation judéo-chrétienne vieille de deux mille ans n'échappe pas à cette loi. Du concept de Jésus, annoncé dans l'Ancien Testament et progressivement nourri d'images par des siècles d'art chrétien, à Ben Laden qui déclare la guerre à mort à notre Occident épuisé, c'est la fresque épique de notre civilisation que je propose (...) ici. On y trouve : des moines fous du désert, des empereurs chrétiens sanguinaires, des musulmans construisant leur "paradis à l'ombre des épées", de grands inquisiteurs, des sorcières chevauchant des balais, des procès d'animaux, des Indiens à plumes avec Montaigne dans les rues de Bordeaux, la résurrection de Lucrèce, un curé athée qui annonce la mort de Dieu, une révolution jacobine qui tue deux rois, des dictatures de gauche puis de droite, des camps de la mort bruns et rouges, un artiste qui vend ses excréments, un écrivain condamné à mort pour avoir écrit un roman, deux jeunes garçons qui se réclament de l'islam et égorgent un prêtre en plein office, sans parler de mille autres choses... Ce livre n'est ni optimiste ni pessimiste, mais tragique car, à cette heure, il ne s'agit plus de rire ou de pleurer, mais de comprendre. -- Book cover. (shrink)

Reviews : Clare O'Farrell, Foucault—Historian or Philosopher? ; James W. Bernauer, Michel Foucault's Force of Flight: Toward an Ethics for Thought ; Paul Rabinow, French Modern: Norms and Forms of the Social Environment ; Jonathon Crary, Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century.

Background Moral distress is a phenomenon that can lead to an imbalance of the mind and body. There are many coping strategies to overcome the obstacles that lead the subject to this condition. Some coping strategies are capable of being achieved through the cultivation of moral resilience. Aim The aim is to identify the strategies of moral resilience in the nursing management of University Hospitals in Brazil. Research design The research design is the qualitative study with discursive textual analysis. Participants (...) and research context : 44 nurse managers and nurses in leadership positions participated in a total of 30 University Hospitals in Brazil. Data were collected online, using a questionnaire with open questions. Ethical considerations The Ethics Committee approved the study. Participants received information about the research, agreed to respond to the questionnaire, and were guaranteed anonymity. Findings Personal adaptive strategies (intrapersonal and interpersonal) and organizational collaborative strategies (intrinsic and transformational management) emerged from this process. The intrapersonal strategies involved elements of rationality, flexibility, rebalancing practices, moral courage, and detachment. The interpersonal strategies addressed support networks, team involvement, and dialog. Organizational strategies dealt with actions which reorient ethical infrastructure, ethical education, and psychological protection, as well as fostering dialogical relationships, empowerment, and cooperation. Conclusion From the perspective of social historical construction, it is understood that developing personal and organizational strategies is essential to cultivating moral resilience. (shrink)

According to Husserl, the epochè (or suspension of judgment) must be left incomplete. It is to be performed step by step, thus defining various layers of “reduction.” In phenomenology at least two such layers can be distinguished: the life-world reduction, and the transcendental reduction. Quantum physics was born from a particular variety of the life-world reduction: reduction to observables according to Heisenberg, and reduction to classical-like properties of experimental devices according to Bohr. But QBism has challenged this limited version of (...) the phenomenological reduction advocated by the Copenhagen interpretation. QBists claim that quantum states are “expectations about experiences of pointer readings,” rather than expectations about pointer positions. Their focus on lived experience, not just on macroscopic variables, is tantamount to performing the transcendental reduction instead of stopping at the relatively superficial layer of the life-world reduction. I will show that quantum physics indeed gives us several reasons to go the whole way down to the deepest variety of phenomenological reduction, may be even farther than the standard QBist view: not only reduction to experience, or to “pure consciousness,” but also reduction to the “living present.”. (shrink)

Despite apparent political concern and action—often fuelled by high-profile cases and campaigns—legislative and institutional responses to image-based sexual abuse in the UK have been ad hoc, piecemeal and inconsistent. In practice, victim-survivors are being consistently failed: by the law, by the police and criminal justice system, by traditional and social media, website operators, and by their employers, universities and schools. Drawing on data from the first multi-jurisdictional study of the nature and harms of, and legal/policy responses to, image-based sexual abuse, (...) this article argues for a new joined-up approach that supports victim-survivors of image-based sexual abuse to ‘reclaim control’. It argues for a comprehensive, multi-layered, multi-institutional and multi-agency response, led by a government- and industry-funded online or e-safety organisation, which not only recognises the diversity of victim-survivor experiences and the intersection of image-based sexual abuse with other forms of sexual and gender-based violence and discrimination, but which also enables victim-survivors to reclaim control within and beyond the criminal justice system. (shrink)

In The Contemplation of the World, eminent French theorist Michel Maffesoli pursues and extends his project of decoding contemporary societies.

Ce texte a déjà paru dans Poétiques de l'octosyllabe – Études réunies par Danièle James-Raoul et Françoise Laurent, Paris, Honoré Champion, 2018, p. 43-58. Nous remercions Michel Banniard de nous avoir autorisé à le reproduire ici. PARADIGME DU VERS EN DIACHRONIE LONGUE 1. Il est particulièrement compliqué de se déprendre des configurations écrites lorsqu'on tente de faire de l'histoire longue du vers. la prédominance culturelle du signe écrit rend souvent ardu l'effort d'aller au-delà des - Poétique et Études littéraires (...) – GALERIE – Nouvel article. (shrink)

Self-regulation, especially the regulation of emotion, is an important component of athletic performance. In our study, we tested the effect of a self-distancing strategy on athletes’ performance in an aggression-inducing experimental task in the laboratory. To this end, we modified an established paradigm of interpersonal provocation [Taylor Aggression Paradigm ], which has the potential to complement field studies in order to increase our understanding of effective emotion regulation of athletes in critical situations in competitions. In our experimental setting, we first (...) tested the applicability of the self-distancing perspective and the athletes’ ability to dynamically adapt besides the self-distanced perspective a self-immersed perspective to provocation in the TAP. Secondly, we investigated how this altered perspective modulated regulatory abilities of negative affectivity, anger, and aggression. The experiment consisted of two conditions in which the participant adopted either a self-immersed or a self-distanced perspective. Forty athletes from different team and individual sports with a mean age of 23.83 years competed individually in a reaction-time task against a opponent. Results show that athletes are equally able to adopt both perspectives. In addition, within-person analyses indicate that self-distancing decreased aggressive behavior and negative affect compared to the self-immersed perspective. Our results suggest that self-distancing modulates different levels of athletes’ experience and behavior. Furthermore, this demonstrates the feasibility of testing self-regulation of emotion in athletes in a laboratory setting and allows for further application in research in sports and exercise psychology. (shrink)

La science a-t-elle toujours été au service de la vérité? Si elle a été entravée au cours de l'Histoire par le pouvoir politique ou religieux, elle s'est parfois aussi rangée d'elle-même du côté du pouvoir, jusqu'à se dévoyer. Jusqu'à trahir ses propres idéaux. A partir de la révolution industrielle, la science moderne a changé de voie, se mettant au service d'entreprises de destruction industrielle. S'abandonnant à une nouvelle tentation de Faust, concédant un pouvoir illimité à la technique, elle fabrique un (...) ordre artificiel du monde dont l'être humain n'est plus qu'un appendice. Des entraves religieuses et politiques aux délires scientifiques les plus fous, Michel Faucheux brosse un tableau historique des dévoiements de la science. Mise en garde contre les dérives mais confiance renouvelée : c'est ce paradoxe que tente de résoudre l'auteur, en décryptant la science au prisme de la morale. (shrink)

The focus of this article is a question that has been neglected in debates about digitalization: Could machines replace human scientists? To provide an intelligible answer to it, we need to answer a further question: What is it that makes (or constitutes) a scientist? I offer an answer to this question by proposing a new demarcation criterion for science which I call “the discoverability criterion”. I proceed as follows: (1) I explain why the target question of this article is important, (...) and (2) show that it leads to a variant of the demarcation problem of science. (3) By arguing that it is probably an essential feature of science that we can make scientific discoveries, I suggest a novel way of dealing with this problem by proposing a new demarcation criterion. Before introducing it, (4) I analyze an exemplary case of a real scientific discovery, and (5) argue that scientific discovery processes have a general underlying structure. (6) I introduce my discoverability criterion for science and present my master argument that helps us understand which criteria have to be fulfilled in order to decide whether machines can replace human scientists or not. (7) I conclude by answering the article’s target question and bringing forward a take-home message. (shrink)

According to the traditional view, meaning presents itself under the form of some kind of identity.

US livestock agriculture hasdeveloped and intensified according to a strictproductionist model that emphasizes industrialefficiency. Sustainability problems associatedwith this model have become increasinglyevident and more contested. Traditionalapproaches to promoting sustainable agriculturehave emphasized education and outreach toencourage on-farm adoption of alternativeproduction systems. Such efforts build on anunderlying assumption that farmers areempowered to make decisions regarding theorganization and management of theiroperations. However, as vertical coordinationin agriculture continues, especially in theanimal agriculture sectors, this assumptionbecomes less valid. This paper examines how thechanging industrial structure in (...) four USlivestock sectors (poultry, hogs, beef, anddairy) affects possibilities in each forpromoting more sustainable productionpractices. Comparisons between the sectors arebased on the relative ability to employ anintensive pasture or alternative (deep-bedded)housing system, which are widely seen assustainable livestock alternatives. While thehighly integrated poultry sector appearsimpregnable to traditional sustainableagriculture approaches, the cow-calf sub-sectorof the beef industry, non-feedlot dairyoperations, and small parts of the hogindustry, especially in the Midwest, stillretain some potential for effectively targetingthe farmer. Building on the presentation ofbarriers and opportunities in the fourlivestock sectors, the paper concludes byevaluating several structurally-orientedapproaches to promoting a more sustainablelivestock agriculture that should complementmore traditional approaches. They includedeveloping alternative coordinated networks inlivestock agriculture, pressing integrators topermit more sustainable production practices,and working for legislation that shifts moredecision-making within integrated systemstowards growers. (shrink)

Toute science, admet-on, commence par détacher un objet en le rendant indépendant des sujets et des situations. Mais cette conception étroite de la connaissance scientifique laisse subsister des zones d'ombre. La conscience n'est pas un objet. Elle est ce sans quoi rien ne pourrait être pris pour objet. La conscience n'est pas détachable des sujets, car elle s'identifie à ce qui est vécu par un sujet. De façon analogue, en physique quantique, un phénomène n'est pas dissociable de son contexte expérimental, (...) car il s'identifie à ce qui se manifeste à grande échelle au laboratoire. Que faire pour ne pas laisser ces cas extrêmes de côté? Généraliser la méthode scientifique. Ne plus la borner à définir et à caractériser des objets, mais l'étendre à la coordination directe des expériences. Telle est la révolution de pensée qu'il faut accomplir pour résoudre, ou plutôt dissoudre, deux questions-limites de la science : le problème de l'origine de la conscience et le paradoxe du "chat de Schrödinger" en physique quantique. (shrink)

La 4e de couverture indique : "À l'instar des grands penseurs du XXème siècle qui ont contribué à la renaissance de la philosophie du droit, Michel Villey (1924-1988) a été tout aussi bien débattu qu'admiré. Car contester la notion de justice universelle qui caractérise l'essor de la modernité ne peut que bousculer et déranger. Dans une liberté d'esprit rarement égalée à l'université, c'est en historien et en philosophe que Michel Villey n'a cessé d'explorer la vie en société. Il (...) assure qu'il n'est de droit juste que celui qui est pensé et appliqué dans un système étudiant les cas particuliers garantissant les libertés individuelles. D'où sa critique sans ambages de cette notion-culte de notre époque que sont les droits fondamentaux, et plus particulièrement l'utopie moderne des droits de l'homme. Une pensée incontournable, qu'on ne peut ignorer.". (shrink)

Studies of nineteenth-century North American utopian communities are rarely interested in the relationships that these may have had with members or sympathizers from other communities outside the United States. It was between 1872 and 1901 that Oneida, one of the best-known communities in the United States, was the subject of an investigation conducted by Auguste Fabre, who was close to Jean-Baptiste André Godin, the founder of the Familistère de Guise in France. An analysis of the mail circulating in the network (...) formed by and around Auguste Fabre shows that much information on Oneida, including many written documents and photos, was exchanged by both sides of the Atlantic and contributed, albeit slowly, to an internationalization of the communitarian movement. (shrink)

L'ouvre de Diderot échappe aux catégories habituelles. Elle se développe dans un temps où les genres littéraires sont en crise. Dans ses romans et ses contes, les dialogues se chevauchent, les narrateurs se multiplient, les êtres de fiction côtoient des personnages historiques (oui, Rameau avait bien un neveu)... Du vivant de leur auteur, peu de textes parurent autrement que dans la clandestinité ou la confidentialité. Liberté d'invention, diffusion restreinte : sans doute tient-on là les raisons pour lesquelles Diderot n'a pas (...) été considéré comme un écrivain majeur aussi rapidement que le furent Voltaire ou Rousseau. Mais le temps a fait son ouvre. Aujourd'hui, c'est le génie et le visionnaire que l'on invoque en lisant ses récits presque entièrement composés de dialogues et où le narrateur, ironique, fantaisiste, ne se fait jamais oublier. Avec les célèbres échanges de Lui et de Moi dans Le Neveu de Rameau, avec ceux de Jacques le fataliste, de son maître et de leurs comparses, et avec ceux, moins connus, de l'Entretien d'un père avec ses enfants ou encore de Mystification : Diderot, auteur, narrateur et personnage, joue de l'illusion romanesque et de ses ficelles. Mais on est bien au-delà du simple jeu de société. Avec ses récits, Diderot parvient à transmettre les questions des Lumières à l'échelle des sentiments humains - amitié, désir, amour - et des individus. (shrink)

– Le mensonge? – Depuis la nuit des temps, il foisonne dans le discours public et infecte le monde; aujourd’hui, il prolifère sur la Toile informatique, sape notre conscience citoyenne et nourrit la cacocratie. – La cacocratie? – C’est une oligarchie financière, informe, amorale, ubiquiste, insidieuse et nocive, qui se cache dans l’assourdissant brouillard informationnel pour siphonner les richesses de la planète. – Et alors? – C’est le régime politique qui nous gouverne aujourd’hui, à notre insu. – Ne sommes-nous pas (...) en démocratie? – Elle n’est plus qu’une façade... elle agonise. – Ne devons-nous pas réagir? – C’est l’objet de cet ouvrage. (shrink)

A superb achievement, one that successfully brings together in accessible form the work of two major writers of Renaissance France. This is now the default version of Montaigne in English. --Timothy Hampton, Professor of French and Comparative Literature, University of California, Berkeley.

Anfractuosité et unification consiste en une introduction à la pensée de Nishida Kitarô (1870-1945), au moyen du fil directeur interprétatif qu’est la notion d’« unification » (tôitsusuru). Que signifie unifier : atteindre une unité dernière, ou bien poursuivre « sans cesse » l’unité ? Une telle poursuite ne revient-t-elle pas à un « néant pur et simple » ? En fait, cette crainte ne proviendrait-elle pas de ce que l’homme ne peut faire face à l’« infini » qui se trouve (...) derrière l’être même ? Dès lors, à quel « lieu » correspondrait un tel « au-delà » ? La finitude serait-elle la limite du « soi », la notion d’être est-elle l’unique clé de l’histoire de la réalité ? Un « néant absolu » a-t-il encore quelque chose à voir avec l’être ? Michel Dalissier examine les réponses de Nishida à la faveur de trois explorations de ses oeuvres majeures, en insistant sur sa relation intellectuelle avec la philosophie occidentale, ainsi que sur les « annotations manuscrites » qu’il laissait dans ses livres. (shrink)