Background: Attention to patients’ spirituality, as a moral obligation of care, is now widely accepted in nursing practice. However, until recently, many nursing programs have paid little attention to spirituality. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the impact of two different curricula, used to teach undergraduate nursing students, on increasing nursing student awareness of spirituality in the care of patients. Research design: A quasi-experimental post-intervention two-group design was conducted in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 academic years. Participants and research (...) context: The study included a total of 130 volunteer senior-year students. The students were assigned as “the intervention group/integrated system” that were informed about spirituality or as “the control group/traditional system” that received no information on spirituality. Data were collected via a personal information form and the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale was used to assess responses. The study was conducted at the Department of Nursing of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Cumhuriyet University, in Central Anatolia/Turkey. Ethical considerations: Permission to conduct the study at the nursing school was obtained from the schools’ management teams. The rights of the participants were protected in this study by obtaining informed consent. Findings: The results revealed that the intervention group had a higher mean score on the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale than did the control group. The students in the intervention group defined the terms of spirituality and spiritual care more accurately than did the control group students. Discussion: Nurses are professionally and ethically responsible for providing spiritual care. Nurses’ competence in meeting the spiritual needs of their patients should be improved by undergraduate education on spiritual care. Nursing scholars reported a significant difference in the knowledge and attitudes toward spirituality of nursing students as a result of the integration of spirituality into the undergraduate nursing curriculum. Conclusion: Spirituality should be more widely included in nursing education. (shrink)

Since the 1970s, the concepts of “lifeworld” and “everyday life” have been part of the discourse of social pedagogy and social and educational work in general. Xavier Úcar's objective in this article is to generate and communicate socio-pedagogical knowledge that helps social pedagogues to build socio-educational relationships that are more effective, more sustainable, more satisfactory, and ultimately richer in terms of both experiences and learning for participants. A conceptually oriented, nonsystematic analysis procedure was used to conduct this research. The procedure (...) involved an in-depth investigation of documents that focus on the two target areas of this study: (1) social pedagogy, and (2) lifeworld and everyday life. The results describe the theoretical background of lifeworld and everyday life, discuss the development of the perspective of “lifeworld orientation” within the framework of social pedagogy in Germany, and analyze how everyday life is understood through actions undertaken by social pedagogues. These results provide ideas for mapping the essential dimensions of everyday life from the perspective of social pedagogy. (shrink)

L'histoire de la pensée occidentale est incompréhensible sans la contribution du philosophe arabo-musulman Ibn Sina, dit Avicenne. Mais on oublie trop souvent que ce penseur majeur fut d'abord un croyant et un théologien. Voici enfin l'étude qui rend justice à la fois à son œuvre et à sa biographie. Si l'apport d'Avicenne à la pensée occidentale est incontesté, on connaît moins le théologien et sa prophétologie.0La doctrine de la prophétie d'Avicenne (980-1037), bien connue, a néanmoins fait l'objet de peu d'études. (...) C'est cette lacune que l'ouvrage de Meryem Sebti se propose de combler. En s'appuyant sur une analyse rigoureuse du système métaphysique d'Avicenne, l'auteure dévoile l'essence du prophète, dont la présence dans le monde sensible manifeste pleinement la continuité ininterrompue qui le relie au monde céleste.0A travers Avicenne, c'est aussi une vision de Dieu qui se dessine : loin d'être une figure abstraite retirée du monde et indifférente à sa souffrance, il est une source d'amour provident qui veille sur le monde sensible en y faisant advenir le prophète, qui est porteur de la Loi. Comme un maillon de la chaîne reliant le monde terrestre et le monde céleste, le prophète sait aussi illuminer les hommes de la lumière de l'intellect.0Gardien de la vérité révélée, il cultive sa prérogative. Il est aussi le fondateur de la cité juste. L'étude pionnière sur Avicenne comme homme de Dieu et sur la doctrine de sa prophétie, dont l'originalité est surtout de montrer une proximité doctrinale entre des courants de pensée habituellement opposés. (shrink)

The principles offered by beliefs affect the thinking styles of individuals. Although it has been argued in recent studies that believers and non-believers have different thinking styles, there are few studies examining the relationship between belief and cognitive styles in Muslim groups. In this study, the relationships between intrinsic religious motivation and "critical thinking", which is one of the most desired thinking skills today, and " dichotomous thinking", which can be expressed as black-and-white thinking and primarily associated with negative structures, (...) were examined. The study was carried out with 395 university students, and the data was obtained by a socio-demographic information form, the Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale, the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale, and the Dichotomous Thinking Scale. Findings suggested a positive significant relationship between intrinsic religious motivation and critical thinking and dichotomous thinking, and a positive significant relationship between critical thinking and dichotomous thinking. Regarding the relationship between dichotomous thinking and critical thinking, intrinsic religious motivation had a mediating role. The Islamic faith often invites reasoning and thinking and affirms this way of thinking; at the same time, it offers various conceptual tools for dichotomous thinking with discourses such as heaven-hell, good-evil, dark-light, and faith-denial. Although critical thinking and dichotomous thinking are seen as opposite constructs, the findings have been interpreted as the Islamic belief supporting both critical thinking and dichotomous thinking at the same time, thus reducing the rigidity of dichotomous thinking. The findings were discussed in the light of the relevant literature, and suggestions were made for further research. (shrink)

Düşünmek, insan hayatının vazgeçilmez unsurlarından biridir. Eleştirel düşünme ise insanın zihnini hatadan koruyarak doğru ve tutarlı düşünmesini sağlamaktadır. Ancak bu düşünme şekli doğuştan getirilmeyip eğitimle geliştirilmektedir. Disiplinli düşünmeyi öğrenen insan gerek bireysel hayatında gerek çevresinde gerekse profesyonel hayatta daha başarılı bir yol izleyecektir. Bu eser de eleştirel düşünmeye bir giriş niteliğinde olmakla beraber alana dair okumalara yeni başlayanlar için önemli bir ilk adım niteliğindedir.

Toplumsal cinsiyet, erkek ve kadının toplumsal yönden belirlenmiş olan rol ve sorumluluklarını ifade etmek üzere ortaya çıkmış bir kavramdır. Cinsiyetsizleştirme veya cinsiyetsizlik kavramı ise doğuştan gelen ve yaratılış gereği sahip olunan cinsiyet kalıplarının gereksizliğine vurgu yapan, cinsiyet üzerinden oluşan toplumsal kabullerden sıyrılmayı hedefleyen bir zihniyetin dışa vurumudur. Her iki düşünce yapısında eleştirdiğimiz husus ise ataerkil toplum yapısının adaletsiz ve ayrımcı olduğuna dikkat çekilmek istenirken biyolojik cinsiyet özelliklerinin yok sayılmak istenmesidir. Cinsiyet seçiminin bireylerin kendilerine bırakılması fikrine kadar uzanan bu özgürlük anlayışı, (...) insan fıtratının ve toplumsal değerlerin tahrip edilmesine neden olmaktadır. Oysa İslam dini fıtratı bozmaya yönelik her türlü müdahaleyi şer‘î ve hukukî açıdan sakıncalı görerek yasaklamıştır. Bu yönüyle cinsiyetsizleştirme projeleri İslam’ın dayandığı temel esaslara aykırıdır. Bu çalışma ile cinsiyet temelli güncel tartışmaların dayanak noktalarının tespiti sağlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, İslam hukukunun cinsiyetler arasında ayrımcı ve imtiyazcı bir tavrı benimsemediğini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Zira İslam'ın temel kaynaklarında toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin dengeleyici bir politika izlenmektedir. Cinsiyet savunucularının düşüncelerinin aksine, cinsiyet ayrımının temeli dinî kaynaklardan değil ataerkil düşünce yapısından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bir diğer amaç ise cinsiyetler arası eşitlikten ziyade cinsiyet rolleri üzerinde sağlanacak adaletin toplum değerleri açısından dengeleyici bir yaklaşım olacağının altını çizmektir. Toplumsal düzen arayışında adil, dengeleyici ve bütünleştirici bir tutum benimsemek cinsiyetler arasında ortaya çıkan sorunların aşılması noktasında tutarlı bir yaklaşım oluşturacaktır. Çalışmamız, nitel bir yaklaşımla literatür tarama yöntemi ve veri analizi tekniği ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çerçevede toplumsal cinsiyet ve cinsiyetsizlik söylemlerinin neslin korunması adına oluşturabileceği problemler ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışma, cinsiyetsiz toplum söyleminin, bireylerin kişilik haklarına yönelik bir müdahale olduğu görüşünü ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca bu tür söylemlerin, toplumun temelini oluşturan aile değerlerini tehdit ettiği ve dolayısıyla toplumsal yapıyı bozduğu yönündeki endişelere dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışmayı önemli kılan bir diğer husus, cinsiyetler üzerinden kullanılan çatışmacı dilin, kadın ve erkeği birbirleriyle rekabet etmeye yönlendirerek karşı karşıya getirdiğini vurgulamasıdır. Toplumsal konuların erkek ve kadın değil, insan hakları perspektifinden ele alınması, insanların dillerine, dinlerine, renklerine, mesleklerine veya cinsiyetlerine göre değerlendirilmemesi gerektiği yönüne dikkat çekilmiştir. Çalışmamız neticesinde toplumsal cinsiyet düşüncesinin toplumda ahlaki, hukuki, dinî ve kültürel değerler ile ilgili pek çok problemi beraberinde getirdiği saptanmıştır. (shrink)

This paper discusses in critical terms Muhammad ‘Abd al-Jabiri’s influential philosophical work. It engages, in particular, in the analysis of the assumptions underlying the radical contrast that al-Jabiri sets up between Avicenna’s philosophy – which is supposed to represent irrationality and Gnosticism – and that of Averroes who, according to him, breaks decisively with that current of thought and thus makes exercising philosophical thought once again possible. After a close discussion of the positions of classical philosophers , the author concludes (...) that it is the very validity of the notion of “Arab reason” that has to be questioned in al-Jabiri’s analysis. (shrink)

Maxwell has shown in his field equations that electricity and magnetism, which are thought to be two separate phenomena, are in fact two distinct components of a single phenomenon. Maxwell not only developed these fundamental equations but used them to predict the existence of electromagnetic waves and to show that light is an electromagnetic wave. In this study, I researched on the emergence and effects of Maxwell's field equations using data from the history of physics. As a result of the (...) evaluation, I emphasized the revolutionary character of Maxwell's way of explaining the functioning of the universe and identified certain insufficient points. In conclusion, I tried to show that new explanations are inevitable in order to understand the universe and to show the role of mathematics in these explanations. (shrink)

Er zeichnet sich vor allem durch seine vielfaeltige Themenauswahl, unterschiedliche methodologische Herangehensweisen und inhaltlich-wissenschaftlichen Anknuepfungspunkte aus. Dazu gehoeren z.

It is expected that the determining role of values, which are accepted as the main reference point in guiding their behaviors, in real life will also be effective on social media posts. However, with the increase and diversification of the opportunities offered by social media to its users, the perception of privacy, which is one of the important values in society, is subject to change and privacy is disclosed based on personal consent. Although there are studies in the literature on (...) the negative effects of increasing social media use on the perception of privacy, there is no study that examines the issue from the perspective of Religious Culture and Ethics Knowledge (RCEK) teachers within the framework of values education. In this study, whether and in what direction the determining role of values in life has changed with the widespread use of social media is examined based on the views of RCEK teachers in the example of privacy value. The aim of the study is to examine the views of RCEK teachers on privacy and the transformation of privacy in the context of social media posts. In this direction; it is aimed to determine the privacy perceptions of RCEK teachers in terms of the definition of privacy, situations that are considered private, social media posts that violate privacy and the criteria that should be in these posts, and to examine their views on what kind of education can be given to students about social media and privacy. The research was designed according to the phenomenology design in qualitative research method. The study group of the research consists of 19 RCEK teachers working in various provinces. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by dividing them into themes, categories and codes by content analysis method. As a result of the research, it was concluded that privacy is violated through social media posts, and the perception of privacy has changed depending on many factors related to social media. It was revealed that today's sharing culture negatively affects the perception of privacy. It is thought that the results of the research have important implications for researchers, teachers, parents and authorities.In this study, whether and in what direction the determining role of values in life has changed with the widespread use of social media is examined based on the views of Religious Culture and Ethics Knowledce teachers in the example of privacy value. The aim of the study is to examine the views of Religious Culture and Ethics Knowledge teachers on privacy and its transformation in the context of social media posts. Based on this purpose; it is aimed to determine the privacy perceptions of RCEK teachers in terms of the definition of privacy, situations that are considered private, social media posts that violate privacy and the criteria that should be in these posts, and to examine and reveal their views on how students can be educated about social media and privacy. The research was designed according to the phenomenology design in qualitative research method. The study group of the research consists of 19 RCEK teachers working in various provinces. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by content analysis method by dividing into themes, categories and codes. As a result of the research, it was concluded that privacy is violated through social media posts, and the perception of privacy has changed depending on many factors related to social media. It was revealed that today's sharing culture negatively affects the perception of privacy. It is thought that the results of the research have important implications for researchers, teachers, parents and authorities. (shrink)

Birey, parçası olduğu toplum ve çevresini kuşatan kültürün içinde kendisini konumlandırdığı noktadan dünyayı deneyimleyerek anlamlandırmakta, zihninde dünyayı bir tablo biçiminde yorumlamasının sonucunda dünya görüşü ortaya çıkmaktadır. İlk olarak fizikte sözü edilen, daha sonra felsefe ve dilbilim disiplinlerinde araştırmalara konu edilen dünya görüşünün böyle genel bir tanımı, terimin paradigmatik ve ontolojik yönüne ışık tutmaktadır. Bağlantısal bütünsellik, her bir birimin bir üst birimin parçası olduğu ve aralarındaki enformasyon bağlantısı sayesinde bir bütün oluşturduğu ağ yapılarını tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Burada bağlantısal bütünselliğin yanı sıra, (...) bireyin deneyimlerinin depolandığı, nöronlar arası bağlantılar sayesinde meydana gelen ve beynin bağlantısallığını ifade eden ağ anlamına gelen konnektom teriminin önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. 21. yüzyılda nörobilim çalışmalarının bilim dünyasına kazandırdığı önemli terimlerden biri olan bağlantısal bütünsellik terimi, yaşamın her alanına uygulanabilirliği açısından, dünya görüşü fenomenini de tüm yönleriyle açıklığa kavuşturmayı mümkün kılmaktadır. Düşünce, insan, dünya, gerçeklik, kültür ve dil düzleminde bütünsel açıdan ele alınması gereken dünya görüşü ile özgül yapısı gereği bütünsellik taşıyan bağlantısallık yaklaşımı arasında hem ortaklık hem de disiplinler arasılık söz konusudur. Özetle söylenecek olursa, dünya görüşü fenomeninde bağlantısal bütünselliğin dil ve kültür izdüşümü sonucunda meydana geldiği düşünülmektedir. Dil ve kültür, dünya görüşü ağının temel parçalarıdır. Bu bağlamda dünya görüşü fenomeni bağlantısal bütünsellik yaklaşımı vasıtasıyla açıklığa kavuşturulmuştur. (shrink)

Plus encore que la mondialisation des échanges, le commerce des hommes sur Internet et sa réglementation mettent à l'épreuve la diversité des modèles culturels et politiques marqués jusqu'ici par la souveraineté territoriale des espaces nationaux ou régionaux. L'article montre, à travers quelques exemples, comment la normativité sur Internet s'élabore de manière à la fois multiple et hétérogène avec une grande diversité de normes et d'acteurs qui interviennent pour fixer les formats d'échange, la répartition des ressources, les normes de comportement, les (...) règles du marché, les standards techniques. Les auteurs identifient quelques-uns des enjeux principaux dont la Francophonie doit se saisir en ce domaine, et proposent des pistes pour donner sens à une gouvernance francophone d'Internet, avec le triple objectif d'une approche démocratique, d'une ouverture aux pays non occidentaux et d'un plurilinguisme assumé.Even more than the globalization of exchanges, social and commercial interactions on the Internet, as well as their regulation, challenge the diversity of cultural and political models which had been determined until then by the territorial sovereignty of Nations. This paper shows, through some examples, how norms are established on the Internet in multiple and heterogeneous ways, with a great diversity of mechanisms, arenas and actors taking part in the formatting of exchanges, distribution of resources, behavioral norms, market rules, technical standards. The authors identify some of the main stakes Francophony should seize in this field, and propose ideas to build a francophone approach to Internet governance, with the triple objective of consolidating democracy, being inclusive towards non-Western countries and upholding multilingualism. (shrink)

Research has found an inverse relationship between posttraumatic growth and suicidal ideation in military and community samples that holds when controlling for other suicide risk factors. However, further research is needed into the underlying mechanisms to clarify how PTG protects against the formation of suicidal ideation. The current two-wave longitudinal study examined whether perceiving PTG from recent adverse circumstances while in a national lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic attenuated the positive relationship of two interpersonal suicide risk factors – perceived burdensomeness (...) and thwarted belonginess –over 6 weeks. Participants were recruited online from Prolific from income-deprived areas in the United Kingdom. Post-hoc power analyses indicated we had insufficient power to examine the hypothesised mediation for TB. We examined whether PTG mediated the relationship between PB at wave 1 and wave 2 while controlling for depression and anxiety in a sample of individuals at-risk for suicidal ideation. PTG did significantly and partially mediate the positive relationship between PB at wave 1 and 2. We discuss the theoretical and clinical implications that could result if future research successfully replicates these initial exploratory findings. (shrink)

This study aimed to examine the thoughts and expectations of patients receiving healthcare from their physicians and evaluate the ethical aspects of these thoughts and expectations. To determine the ethical aspects of the thoughts and expectations of patients, an open-ended question was asked on the web page of the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) Health Care Command, which is accessible to the users of the TAF intranet system (the internet system used within TAF institutions). The participants were asked to express their (...) thoughts in their own words. A total of 804 participants answered the question by providing their input. The statements of the participants were classified separately by two public health specialists. The classification was made in accordance with the basic principles of patient rights, and they were collected under various headings including expectations about respect and care, good communication, informed consent, and fair and non-privileged distribution of healthcare services. The results show that patients tend to consider the physicians they see as solely responsible for all the negative issues that they encounter during their healthcare. This indicates that there is a need for extensive research on the underlying factors involved in the negative thoughts and feelings toward healthcare professionals in both TAF and Turkey in general. (shrink)

Scientific and technological improvements are accomplished only because of much research. The increase in the number of research studies causes a rise in ethical problems. Nursing research is no exception to this. The aim of this study is to identify and analyse ethical problems in nursing studies. This research is descriptive and partly analytical. It is retrospective in the sense that 169 Master of Science and 66 doctoral theses written between 1972 and 1998 in the Department of Nursing, Institute of (...) Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, were examined. The following ethical rules were used as criteria: that no harm should be caused to the subject; the subject was informed about the research topic; permission was obtained from the subject; and the privacy of the subject was maintained. The evaluation was carried out by distributing the theses among background variables and by employing nonparametric tests. The research associated with the theses was not harmful to the participants in 93.2%, while 6.8% were considered to have caused harm. In 72.7% of the theses the subjects were not informed of the research; in 73.6%, the researchers did not obtain permission from the subjects; and in 8.5% their privacy was not kept. An ethical score was assigned to each thesis, which varyed between 0 and 15. The mean score was 5.02. (shrink)

The necessity, method and content of childhood religious education are discussed from various perspectives in our country and around the world. The ‘Gift to the Child’ education method, which is applied in England where different religions live together, is a secular religious education approach with psychological, pedagogical and theological foundations. According to this method, which was developed with different methods from adult religious education and considering educational-scientific inferences, children can learn many information and skills based on religions and can transform (...) this into positive gains in their lives. The ‘Gift to the Child’ method processes concepts such as Allah, prophet, revelation and prayer with values such as responsibility, empathy, tolerance and love. It is distinguished from other religious education practices by aiming to highlight the child’s sense of holiness.This study examines the effect of the ‘Call to Prayer’ section, which is included in the ‘Gift to the Child’ method, one of the childhood religious education approaches, on children’s religious development in the Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge course. The applicability of the ‘Gift to the Child’ method, which aims to obtain educational-scientific inferences by comparing children with religious content, is discussed in terms of the educational process, teacher-student-material dimension and religious education.In examining the applicability of this approach, which evaluates religious development theory and development theories together and can be evaluated in terms of its achievements; After conducting a literature review from relevant sources, the data of the study were collected with the semi-structured interview technique, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The data of the study were collected through teacher interviews conducted with the cross-sectional research method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 teachers working in secondary schools of official educational institutions affiliated to the Ministry of National Education. During the course, the teachers allowed the students to express their opinions on the subject and did not intervene in their questions and answers. As a result of the findings obtained from the data, it was observed that the use of achievements and materials prepared according to the ‘Gift to the Child’ method in religious education positively affected the religious development of the students. (shrink)

The aim of this research was to determine the degree to which undergraduate students’ learning approach, academic achievement and satisfaction were determined by the combination of an intrapersonal factor (self-regulation) and a interpersonal factor (contextual or regulatory teaching). The hypothesis proposed that greater combined regulation (internal and external) would be accompanied by more of a deep approach to learning, more satisfaction and higher achievement, while a lower level of combined regulation would determine a surface approach, less satisfaction and lower achievement. (...) Within an ex post facto design by selection, 1036 university students completed validated questionnaires using an online tool. Several multivariate analyses were conducted. Results showed that the combination of self-regulation and external regulation can be ordered as levels along a five-point scale or heuristic. These levels linearly determine type of learning approach, academic achievement and satisfaction. Implications are established for quality and improvement of the teaching and learning process at university. (shrink)

English summary: This Arabic edition and French translation of Avicennas commentary on Aristotles Lambda offers a clear opportunity to better understand the Greek philosophers influence on medieval Arabic philosophy, especially concerning the hierarchy of the universe. French description: Ce texte d'Avicenne est l'un des seuls commentaires sur Aristote laisses par le philosophe persan. Il s'attaque au noyau theologique de la Metaphysique du Stagirite, les chapitres 6 a 10 du livre Lambda. Avicenne depend d'une tradition greco-arabe (Alexandre d'Aphrodise, Themistius, l'ecole "peripateticienne" (...) de Bagdad). La tradition arabe a aussi attribue a Aristote plusieurs oeuvres d'origine neoplatonicienne, notamment une Theologie adaptee de Plotin, et un Livre du Bien pur, adaptation des Elements de Theologie de Proclus. Le Dieu d'Aristote est ainsi pour Avicenne la Cause premiere efficiente de l'etre. La structure hierarchique de l'univers resulte de l'emanation produite par l'autointelligence du premier Principe. Il ne fait pas de doute, pour Avicenne, que ces doctrines aient ete celles du Stagirite. (shrink)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Islam as a religion and culture on Turkish women’s health. The study included 138 household members residing in the territory of three primary health care centers in Turkey: Güzelbahçe, Fahrettin Altay and Esentepe. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire prepared by a multidisciplinary team that included specialists from the departments of public health, psychiatric nursing and sociology. We found that the women’s health behavior changed from traditional to (...) rational as education levels increased, and that religious and traditional attitudes and behaviors were predominant in the countryside, especially practices related to pregnancy, delivery, the postpartum period, induced abortion and family planning. One of the most important prerequisites for the improvement of women’s health is that nurses should know the religious practices and culture of the society for which they provide care, so that their efforts to protect and improve women’s health will be effective. (shrink)