This paper investigates structural properties of monotone function classes within the framework of three-valued logic (3VL), aiming to characterize dependencies and constraints that ensure structural finiteness and order-preserving properties. This research delves into characteristics of structurally finite classes of order-preserving 3VL map. Monotonicity plays a critical role in understanding functional behaviour, which is essential for structuring closed logical operations within $ P_{k} $. We define $ F $ as a closed class in $ P_{k} $, consisting only of mappings that (...) comply with specified operations and are strictly confined to $ P_{k} $. The notation $ F(n) $ represents the subset of mappings in $ F $ dependent on $ n $ variables, highlighting the limited scope of inputs and their respective outputs. Further analysis through $ CR(F) $ facilitates the identification of precursor subclasses within $ F $, which have not yet achieved closure under all necessary operations—a pivotal step in constructing intermediate mapping classes. Within the framework of 3VL, the study examines order-preserving maps $ f_{D}, f_{K}, f_{M^{(2)}}, f_{DM^{(2)}}, f_{KM^{(2)}} $, deliberately excluding the sets $ D, K, M^{(2)} $, where $ DM^{(2)} $ is defined as $ D \cap M^{(2)} $ and $ KM^{(2)} $ as $ K \cap M^{(2)} $. The lattice framework in $ P_{k}(1) $ for $ k = 3 $ systematically organizes these mapping classes based on their completeness properties, with particular emphasis on classes such as $ M $, which is characterized as a comprehensive set governed by the operations of maximum and minimum. Our theorems establish structural finiteness for classes of unary order-preserving maps, emphasizing their two-variable dependency in class construction. This study extends existing findings on single-variable monotonic functions within 3VL by integrating criteria of linear order. Key results include the classification of mapping classes $ F \subseteq M $ containing $ M^{(1)}_{3} $, categorized into distinct groups: $ M^{(1)}_{3}, KM^{(2)}, DM^{(2)}, M^{(2)}, K, D, M $. Inclusion relations are visualized diagrammatically, showing the hierarchical structure of these monotone classes, ultimately validating the structural finiteness of classes incorporating all unary order-preserving maps within the broader context of 3VL. (shrink)

Maxime F. Giguère Cet article propose une nouvelle stratégie pour écarter la conclusion sceptique, mise de l’avant par Thomas Szasz, selon laquelle la psychiatrie est illégitime. La conclusion sceptique repose sur une démarcation radicale entre troubles mentaux et somatiques. Afin de minimiser cette démarcation, Jerome Wakefield emploie une analyse conceptuelle stipulant que les troubles mentaux et somatiques sont tous les deux des dysfonctions préjudiciables. De récentes critiques ont toutefois montré que son analyse bute sur la difficulté pratique de distinguer les (...) fonctions normales des dysfonctions. En raison de ce problème, l’analyse de Wakefield ne permet pas d’écarter la conclusion sceptique. Une nouvelle stratégie ne nécessitant pas de résoudre le problème reconnu par ces critiques s’annonce alors préférable pour écarter la conclusion sceptique. (shrink)

Background: Professional values improve the quality of nurses’ professional lives, reduce emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, increase personal success, and help to make collaborations with the members of the healthcare team more frequent. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the professional values of Turkish nurses and to explore the relationships between nurses’ characteristics. Methods: This was a descriptive study of a convenience sample consisting of 269 clinical nurses. A questionnaire was used to identify socio-demographic characteristics, and the Nurses’ (...) Professional Values Scale was applied. Ethical considerations: Permission to conduct the study was received from the hospital and the Institutional Review Boards of the Süleyman Demirel University ethic committee. Results: The mean scale score of the participant nurses was 165.41 ± 20.79. The results of this study revealed that human dignity was the most important professional value for nurses, and the importance attached to these values showed statistically significant differences by age, length of service, educational level, marital status, position at work, and receiving relevant in-service training. Conclusion: Nurses’ Professional Values Scale scores showed that nurses give above average and attached importance to professional values. (shrink)

Maxime Vachon | : L’objectif de cet article est de montrer l’unité du chapitre 14 du Peri Hermeneias, chapitre dans lequel Aristote retourne au fondement de l’échange dialectique, à savoir la doxa. Je montre ainsi que ce chapitre expose progressivement les trois conditions sémantiques que des points de vue doivent respecter pour être contraires : le sujet doit être le même, l’objet doit aussi être le même, mais le mode de prédication doit être contradictoire. | : The aim of this (...) paper is to show the unity of chapter 14 of the Peri Hermeneias, in which chapter Aristotle goes back to the basis of dialectical exchange, that is doxa. Thus I show that this chapter presents in successive order the three semantical conditions that points of view must respect in order to be contrary : the subject has to be the same, the object has also to be the same, but the mode of predication must be contradictory. (shrink)

Maxime Chastaing s'étonne de l'embarras manifesté par les philosophes pour s'assurer de l'existence des autres : ne va-t-il pas de soi que nous coexistons depuis toujours avec nos semblables et que nous ne doutons pas de leur présence tant que nous ne spéculons pas? Il s'agit dès lors de dénoncer avec énergie le faux problème philosophique de la connaissance d'autrui, tout en s'employant à rendre compte, grâce à la psychologie, des conditions de notre communauté d'existence. Cette perspective proprement psycho-philosophique est (...) déployée dès 1934, dans un travail inédit à ce jour, La compréhension d'autrui. Essai de psychologie descriptive. Proche à cette époque de Gabriel Marcel et d'Emmanuel Mounier, après avoir été l'élève de Jean-Paul Sartre au lycée du Havre, Chastaing est un des premiers en France à discuter les thèses de la phénoménologie allemande, d'Edmund Husserl à Max Scheler. Il anticipe ce faisant sur la phénoménologie d'autrui que Sartre développera, non sans résoudre par avance des difficultés que ce dernier mettra du temps à apercevoir. (shrink)

In the proposed article by Maxim Isaenko "Ukrainian Christian tradition of state creation... "on the question of application A comparative methodological approach is presented in the analysis conceptual dispositions available in Ukrainian, Polish, and Russian types of state-building and organization of power institutions. Studying socio-legal models that are characteristic of three Slavic peoples, vectors of kinship and distance are outlined understanding of the phenomena of the state, power, law.

Name der Zeitschrift: Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie Jahrgang: 57 Heft: 1 Seiten: 110-128.

The past three decades of policy process studies have seen the emergence of a clear intellectual lineage with regard to complexity. Implicitly or explicitly, scholars have employed complexity theory to examine the intricate dynamics of collective action in political contexts. However, the methodological counterparts to complexity theory, such as computational methods, are rarely used and, even if they are, they are often detached from established policy process theory. Building on a critical review of the application of complexity theory to policy (...) process studies, we present and implement a baseline model of policy processes using the logic of coevolving networks. Our model suggests that an actor’s influence depends on their environment and on exogenous events facilitating dialogue and consensus-building. Our results validate previous opinion dynamics models and generate novel patterns. Our discussion provides ground for further research and outlines the path for the field to achieve a computational turn. (shrink)

L’analyse du double emploi du verbe « valoir » dans l’évaluation et l’appréciation éclaircit quelques aspects de la valeur. Évaluer, c’est prendre conscience d’un être qui est valorisé ou valeureux, non d’un être qui a une valeur. La valeur appartient à l’être même d’un objet. Il n’est pas question de demander si celui-ci la possède ou non, de résoudre le problème et de prouver la solution. Toute évaluation est une épreuve : l’objet convainc l’évaluateur en lui révélant la valeur intrinsèque, (...) celle-ci n’est pourtant pas une propriété. (shrink)

Franciscus Van den Enden is commonly considered as the man who taught Latin to B. de Spinoza. It is unknown if he actually taught him something else, but we do know he used a pedagogy of his own and made the young philosopher aware of the importance of pedagogical issues. The present article helps to document their relationship from a historical and theoretical perspective, by clarifying Van den Enden’s ideas on a most debated subject: the use of honorary titles to (...) distinguish pupils in the classroom. In particular, it shows how the rejection by Van den Enden of titles commonly used in Jesuits schools finds echoes in Spinoza’s philosophy. At the same time, the article argues that through their common participation in theatrical plays, Van den Enden and Spinoza shared a pedagogical experience that helped to overcome the problems linked to the introduction of a hierarchy, not theoretically, but in practice. (shrink)

Maxime Vachon | Résumé : Le but de cet article est de mettre en lumière les apories sur l’existence du temps et sur le maintenant telles que présentées dans la première partie du chapitre IV, 10 de la Physique d’Aristote par une traduction et un commentaire de ce texte. Plus précisément, l’auteur tente de dégager les présupposés philosophiques des apories en question, notamment à partir des occurrences du verbe histanai et de ses composés. |: The aim of this article is (...) to shed light upon the aporias about the existence of time and about the now as presented in the first part of chapter IV, 10 of Aristotle’s Physics through a translation and a commentary of this text. More precisely, the author attempts to bring out the philosophical presuppositions of the aporias, especially in consideration of the occurrences of the verb histanai and its compounds. (shrink)

This study analyses the patenting activities of university science and engineering professors in Canada between 1920 and 1975. Unlike most studies on commercial activities in academia, which typically focus on the post-1980 period and on university practices, we focus on the pre-1980 period and on the individual decisions of professors to patent their inventions. Based on quantitative patent data, we show that patenting, and thus professors’ interest in the possible commercial value of their scientific discoveries made in university laboratories, was (...) relatively common on an individual and informal basis well before the 1980s and the advent of what is now called “academic capitalism”. This contradicts the belief that before that period, universities were a kind of ivory towers in which professors isolated themselves from external influences and engaged only in pure and disinterested research. (shrink)

An experience of helplessness during the production of a collective autobiographical narrative offers an opportunity to explore points of convergence between Adriana Cavarero's postural philosophy and Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger's matrixial borderlinking. The narrative is treated as a live scene that enfolds the movement of the drive conceptualized in such a way as to avoid the prioritization of death over life. Five successive moves, inspired by Ettinger's rotation of the phallic prism, illuminate affinities between the two thinkers. The first rotation explores (...) the matrixial and relational qualities that compose the scene. The second rotation approaches death from a notional beginning, prioritizing the presence of the mother and her assymmetrical relationship to the infant. The third rotation emphasizes the transformational character of Ettinger's matrixial movement and border-crossing, especially when examined in conjunction with Cavarero's maternal inclination. In the fourth rotation we show how inclination in Lacanian psychoanalysis is linked to the disappearance of the mother from the scene. The introduction of the mother disrupts the Lacanian logic with the possibility of a beginning just as immanent as desire and lack. Movement, qua embrace and unity-disunity, becomes an indispensable component of feminist ontology that captures the immanence of sharing in the matrixial-maternal plane. (shrink)

On trouvera dans cet ouvrage les principaux jalons du parcours philosophique étonnant de Maxime Chastaing (1913-1997) qui culmine dans une psycholinguistique, et même une psychophonétique, une étude des interactions sociales, enfin une théorisation du pacte romanesque liant l'écrivain à ses lecteurs.

The seed system is a major component of traditional management of crop genetic diversity in developing countries. Seed flows are an important part of this system. They have been poorly studied for minor Andean crops, especially those that are propagated vegetatively. We examine the seed exchanges of Oxalis tuberosa Mol., a vegetatively propagated crop capable of sexual reproduction. We studied the seed exchanges of four rural communities in Candelaria district at the international and local levels, emphasizing the spread of new (...) sexually-produced genotypes through these exchanges. Interviews with 44 farmers generated socioeconomic, agronomic, crop diversity and seed exchange information, and data on the potential incorporation of new sexually-produced genotypes in the crop germplasm. We interviewed merchants to evaluate the input and output of genetic diversity in the communities studied. Results showed a positive effect of the farmers’ wealth on the diversity cultivated and on seed exchanges. Most seed exchanges occurred at market, creating a distinction between cash and self-consumption landraces. Cash landraces were intensively exchanged; self-consumption landraces were isolated at the farmer level and prone to genetic drift and complete loss. Merchants exported seeds of cash landraces across Bolivia and into Peru and Argentina. New sexually produced genotypes are less incorporated into cash landraces than in self-consumed landraces. However, new genotypes incorporated into cash landraces are diffused faster and better, being more intensively exchanged. We propose conservation strategies that can be applied to other vegetatively propagated and minor Andean crops. (shrink)

In the Fall of 2016, an international conference took place at Université de Montréal to reflect on the relation between the concepts of time and intentionality. Although the topic of intentionality has been very intensely investigated both within the analytic and the phenomenological traditions throughout the past century, little systematic work has been done with regard to intentionality’s temporal dimension per se. Our goal with this special issue – which contains a selection of the papers presented at the conference – (...) is to contribute to correct this shortcoming in the current philosophical literature. (shrink)

The notions of perceptual normativity and optimality have generated much discussion in the last decade or so in the literature on Merleau-Ponty. Husserl’s position on the topic has been far less extensively investigated. Surprisingly, however, Husserl wrote a great deal about the question of perceptual optimality. Not only are there a considerable number of important passages scattered throughout the manuscripts, the archive also contains a few important full texts on precisely this issue. Given the role of fulfillment for Husserl’s concept (...) of intentionality, this should not really come as a surprise, since the teleological nature of the fulfillment structure terminates in an experience of the optimum. Hence, however marginal this topic might seem at first glance, reflecting on it rapidly leads us to the heart of Husserl’s project and sheds further light on his conception of intentional experience. (shrink)

A group of Qin documents inscribed on bamboo slips was acquired by the Yuelu Academy on the antique market in Hong Kong in 2007. Four of these manuscripts are criminal case records dated from the final decades before the unification of China by the state of Qin in 221 B.C. These texts shed light not only on the administration of justice on the eve of imperial unification but also on various aspects of social, economic, and cultural history and historical geography. (...) The present article reviews the recently published English translation of the Yuelu case records by Ulrich Lau and Thies Staack and discusses the value of these texts as historical source material. (shrink)

The Health in All Policies approach aims to integrate health into decisions across sectors to address the social determinants of health and enhance health equity. Jurisdictions interested in implementing this approach may seek clarification about how to operationalize it. Public health legal preparedness provides useful lessons for HiAP. While there are important differences between these two areas, there are also critical similarities. These similarities are particularly important because HiAP and public health preparedness are complementary. Law has been essential in advancing (...) public health preparedness by helping to: prioritize planning; allocate responsibility; enhance collaboration and coordination; establish responsive funding; and emphasize the needs of vulnerable populations. Law can be used similarly to advance HiAP. (shrink)

A fundamental interoperability problem is caused by the semantic heterogeneity of agents'ontologies in open multi-agent systems. In this paper, we propose a formal framework for agents debating over heterogeneous terminologies. For this purpose, we propose an argumentation-based representation framework to manage conflicting descriptions. Moreover, we propose a model for the reasoning of agents where they justify the description to which they commit and take into account the description of their interlocutors. Finally, we provide a dialectical system allowing agents to participate (...) in a dialogue in order to reach an agreement over heterogeneous descriptions. (shrink)

Le structuralisme a été le grand espoir de modernisation des sciences humaines. Sous la houlette, principalement, de Claude Lévi-Strauss en ethnologie, de Jacques Lacan en psychanalyse, de Roland Barthes en sémiologie, de Louis Althusser en sociologie et de Michel Foucault en histoire et en philosophie, ce mouvement intellectuel prend, dans la France des années 1950-1960, une ampleur telle qu'il bouleverse le paysage intellectuel et remanie en profondeur l'Université française. Puis, à partir des années 1970, l'ambitieux programme s'effondre, plus rapidement encore (...) qu'il ne s'était imposé, et nourrit au passage une position hypercritique à l'égard de la modernité. Un demi-siècle après, il est temps de revenir sur cette aventure intellectuelle pour en comprendre l'engouement ainsi que les raisons de l'échec ; mais également pour expliquer sous et angle la singularité française et ses conséquences, puisqu'elles trouvent des prolongements jusqu'à aujourd'hui. (shrink)

У статті розглянуто проблему людської гідності за доби Просвітництва (на прикладі філософії І. Канта) у контексті сучасного філософського дискурсу проблеми. Зазначено, що подальший розвиток суспільства формує запит на правову соціально-орієнтовану державу, де надаються та забезпечуються широкі права та свободи для усіх громадян (незалежно від національності, віросповідання, культури, матеріального стану), що зрештою стає важливою засадою осмислення та буття людської гідності. Йдеться про право громадянина висловлювати свою думку та громадянську позицію, а завдання влади забезпечувати широкий спектр прав та свобод, які визначаються І. (...) Кантом як моральні (природні). Ось чому звернення сучасних філософів та дослідників до філософії І. Канта, його тлумачення природи людини, її прав та свобод, що зумовлене певною схожістю доби Просвітництва та сучасного етапу розвитку суспільства. Означена подібність втілилася у низці факторів, що створюють нову картину світу, а саме: кардинальні зміни політичного, соціального та економічного устрою; традиційного людського буття та життєвого світу; швидкість та глобалізм сучасних трансформацій не тільки у виробничих сферах, а й у соціально-побутових, морально-етичних та суспільно-політичних відносинах. Наголошено, що названі процеси втілюються у моральному (природному) та адміністративному праві і суттєво впливають на свободи та рівність усіх членів суспільства; самостійність дій кожного члена спільноти як громадянина; відсутність патерналізму на рівні взаємин громадянин-суспільство-влада. Таким чином, представлена І. Кантом етично-правова концепція людської гідності знаходить розуміння та застосування в концептах аргументативної та екологічної етики, етики відповідальності у прагненні до створення таких владних структур, за яких суспільний консенсус досягається через аргументований діалог усіх членів суспільства та колективну відповідальність за дії. Таким чином цілісна реконструкція роздумів І. Канта про людину, її гідність та свободу, засвідчує органічну приналежність української філософії до європейського інтелектуального та філософського контексту розуміння загальнолюдських морально-етичних норм, прав і свобод. (shrink)

Reading Of An Apocalyptic Tone Recently Adopted in Philosophy poses difficult questions of interpretation. We have indeed to account for multiple and often entangled themes as we have to deal with Derrida’s apparent inconsistency between his criticism of the apocalyptic tone in philosophy and his own use of that particular tone in his discourse. This article sheds light on this apparent ambiguity by drawing a parallel between the question of tone in hegelian philosophy and the “apocalyptic” thread of the “end (...) of philosophy” emphasized upon in Of An Apocalyptic Tone… Such a comparison provides us with a fresh understanding of that central thread of the book and helps in return unraveling the derridean debate with Kant and his heirs which relates to the possibility and the limits of demystification. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Klio Jahrgang: 98 Heft: 2 Seiten: 495-525.

We prove the following theorem: For a partially ordered set Q such that every countable subset of Q has a strict upper bound, there is a forcing notion satisfying the countable chain condition such that, in the forcing extension, there is a basis of the null ideal of the real line which is order-isomorphic to Q with respect to set-inclusion. This is a variation of Hechler’s classical result in the theory of forcing. The corresponding theorem for the meager ideal was (...) established by Bartoszyński and Kada. (shrink)

Si la falsification ou contrefaçon (παϱαχαϱάσσειν) dans le cynisme a donné lieu à de nombreuses études dans la mesure où Diogène a fait un principe philosophique de l’oracle de Delphes lui intimant de falsifier la monnaie (παϱαχαϱάσσειν τὸ νόμισμα), d’autres verbes utilisés pour caractériser certaines actions ou postures de ce mouvement ont, en revanche, souvent été négligés : imiter (μιμει̑σθαι, ζηλου̑ν) et simuler (ϱπϱοσποιει̑σθαι). Nous proposons de subsumer ces termes, à la fois proches et différents, sous celui plus général de (...) simulacre et d’en étudier les usages comme mise en pratique d’une stratégie philosophique dont l’objectif est, paradoxalement en apparence, de faire tomber les illusions. Dans cette perspective, l’imitation apparaît comme une étape importante dans la constitution d’un modèle de vie philosophique. En outre, la simulation permet au cynique d’adopter un mode de vie à contre-courant des normes sociales. Cette hypothèse de lecture, enfin, autorise une interprétation différente de la contrefaçon des valeurs. Le simulacre, quelles qu’en soient les formes, pourrait être ainsi valorisé comme instrument permettant de chasser les fauxsemblants. (shrink)

Les questions de la pauvreté volontaire, de la mendicité, ou encore de la falsification de la monnaie ayant déjà donné lieu à plusieurs études directes, nous nous proposons de les aborder par le biais, jusqu’à présent négligé, des gestes effectués par les Cyniques à l’égard des biens matériels : prendre et jeter. S’élabore, ainsi, une gestualité économique du Cynisme, qui exprime à la fois une critique éthique de l’économie et un mode de vie philosophique incarné. Classification JEL : B11.