This book examines the tension inherent in the waging of ethical war, and argues that war and its relationship to ethics need to be rethought fundamentally.

Ova filozofska analiza psihoterapijskih pristupa temelji se na tezi o znanstvenolikosti životne filozofije. Filozofija života je koncept koji je prisutan u svakoj važnijoj psihoterapiji, bilo na jasan bilo na implicitan način. Rabili smo nekoliko načina istraživanja filozofske pozadine psihoterapija: povijesnu i konceptualnu analizu, dvofaktorski model ontološko-epistemološkog prostora, socijalne mreže i filozofske škole i njihov utjecaj na povijest psihologije, te neke specifične probleme iz područja filozofije znanosti. U završnom odjeljku smo analizirali pokret filozofskog savjetovanja. Istražili smo njegove značajke, te poveznice s (...) psihoterapijom.This philosophical analysis of psychotherapeutic approaches is based upon thesis of scientific character of one’s philosophy of life. Notion of philosophy of life is present in each major psychotherapeutic approach, in either explicit or implicit matter.Modes of philosophical inquiry include historical and concept analysis, two factor model of ontological-epistemological space, social networks in the philosophical schools and their impact on the history of psychology, and some specific issues in the philosophy of science.Finally, philosophical counseling movement is examined. What is typical for this movement and what sort of connections does it have with psychotherapy is covered. (shrink)

Maya Zehfuss critiques constructivist theories of international relations (currently considered to be at the cutting edge of the discipline) and finds them wanting and even politically dangerous. Zehfuss uses Germany's first shift toward using its military abroad after the end of the Cold War to illustrate why constructivism does not work and how it leads to particular analytical outcomes and forecloses others. She argues that scholars are limiting their abilities to act responsibly in international relations by looking towards constructivism as (...) the future. (shrink)

Ovaj tekst se bavi pitanjem granica, transformacija i opstanka nacionalnog suvereniteta u XX i XI veku s obzirom na udruzivanje nacionalnih drzava u medjunarodne organizacije i vojne saveze i s obzirom na globalizaciju transnacionalne i nadnacionalne fenomene. Medjuzavisnost udruzenih drzava smanjuje njihovu nezavisnost, a sirenje transnacionalih fenomena izmice kontroli nacionalne drzave, tako da je nacionalni suverenitet doveden u pitanje i zasluzuje da se ponovo ispita. Prvo cemo se osvrnuti na Kantov projekat za vecni mir koji predvidja i inspirise udruzivanje drzava (...) u savremeno doba, zatim cemo se baviti suverenitetom nacionalnih drzava s obzirom na njihovo clanstvo u medjunarodnim organizacijama i vojnim savezima koji su stvoreni u dvadesetom veku i na kraju s obzirom na globalizaciju i regionalno udruzivanje drzava. (shrink)

Technophobia is an irrational fear of either technological influence or\ntechnological artifacts. Philosophical interest for technophobia is\nthreefold: epistemological, existential and\nphilosophical-anthropological. In the last five decades, computers have\nchanged in major many areas of human life, including philosophy. The\nauthors have started rendering technophobical issues in philosophy with\nemergence of technophobical objections to each leap forward in\ncommunication medium. Next area of analysis is speculative fiction.\nDetermining the philosophical importance of speculative fiction, authors\noffered an overview of technophobical thesis in some of anthological\nworks.

Pravo na privatnost složen je koncept koji je prolazio svoje povijesne i društvene promjene. Premda je ponekad značio depriviranost i neravnopravnost, ipak mu se priznavala važnost za slobodu, demokraciju, autonomiju i razvoj pojedinca. S umreženim društvom pojavili su se novi aspekti problema privatnosti i socijalne uključenosti koji zahtijevaju njihova nova, kritička promišljanja u svjetlu različitih društvenih vrijednosti i tehnologijskog konteksta.Right to privacy is a complex concept with historical and social changes of its own. Although sometimes it was connected with deprivation (...) and inequality, today it is usually conceived as a condition for freedom, democracy, autonomy and self-development. The network society brought new aspects of the problem of privacy and social inclusion that demand their new, critical rethinking in the light of different social values and new technology context. (shrink)

Individuals unvaccinated against COVID-19 (C19) experienced prejudice and blame for the pandemic. Because people vastly overestimate C19 risks, we examined whether these negative judgements could be partially understood as a form of scapegoating (ie, blaming a group unfairly for an undesirable outcome) and whether political ideology (previously shown to shape risk perceptions in the USA) moderates scapegoating of the unvaccinated. We grounded our analyses in scapegoating literature and risk perception during C19. We obtained support for our speculations through two vignette-based (...) studies conducted in the USA in early 2022. We varied the risk profiles (age, prior infection, comorbidities) and vaccination statuses of vignette characters (eg, vaccinated, vaccinated without recent boosters, unvaccinated, unvaccinated-recovered), while keeping all other information constant. We observed that people hold the unvaccinated (vs vaccinated) more responsible for negative pandemic outcomes and that political ideology moderated these effects: liberals (vs conservatives) were more likely to scapegoat the unvaccinated (vs vaccinated), even when presented with information challenging the culpability of the unvaccinated known at the time of data collection (eg, natural immunity, availability of vaccines, time since last vaccination). These findings support a scapegoating explanation for a specific group-based prejudice that emerged during the C19 pandemic. We encourage medical ethicists to examine the negative consequences of significant C19 risk overestimation among the public. The public needs accurate information about health issues. That may involve combating misinformation that overestimates and underestimates disease risk with similar vigilance to error. (shrink)

The starting point of this paper is Andrej Ule’s book Osnovna filozofska vprašanja sodobne logike [Basic Philosophical Questions of Contemporary Logic] from 1982. Specifically, I focus on his assessment of Frege, Russell and Wittgenstein’s views on the ontological status of logic and its apriority. Ule claims that all three thinkers failed because they did not take into account the role a human being plays in this as the creator of language. In this assessment, I recognize the rejection of metaphysics and (...) the linguistic approach to philosophical issues that were characteristic of analytic philosophy in the past. I shortly describe this position and the role that the discussed authors played in its development. I conclude with my own assessment of the proposed views based on the contemporary, metaphysics-friendly position. (shrink)

In Describing Inner Experience, Hurlburt and Schwitzgebel explore the proper limits of scepticism about consciousness and the prospect of a scientific investigation of consciousness. Their debate with each other focuses on the question about whether we can trust people's reports about their inner experiences and on Hurlburt's introspective method, DES. I point out that their discussion leaves unclear the crucial question of the aims and objectives of DES. This makes it difficult genuinely to assess DES's merits and the problems for (...) theorizing that might be created by inaccuracy in the introspective data. I then provide a taxonomy of different introspective methods, depending on different roles played by introspective data and on the kinds of questions that are being asked. I suggest that introspective methods tasked to answer a certain group of questions -- certain philosophical questions about experience -- are more vulnerable to the possibility of introspective error than others. (shrink)

SAŽETAK: Empiristi su tvrdili da se medicinsko znanje u cjelini može steći na temelju iskustva i da za njegovo formiranje i primjenu nije potrebna nikakva teorija. Ključni dio toga stava sastoji se u odbacivanju istraživanja uzroka bolesti. Medicinsko se znanje sastoji od teorema koji su generalizacije izvedene na temelju iskustva. Ranije analize generalizacija kojima se služi medicina, kao i rasprave o stručnom znanju općenito, pokazuju da je među grčkim liječnicima i filozofima bio prihvaćen stav da ispravne generalizacije koje nekoj djelatnosti (...) jamče status umijeća jesu eksplanatorne generalizacije – takve koje uključuju poznavanje uzroka. U članku istražujem na temelju čega empiristi mogu za neeksplanatorne generalizacije zahtijevati isti status i nastojim pokazati da je njihov argument u osnovi taj da statistički kriterij formulacije takvih generalizacija jamči njihovo podudaranje s događajima koje opisuju, što eksplanatornegeneralizacije ne mogu osigurati.The Empiricists argued that medical knowledge is a matter of experience, and that no theory is required either for its formation or application. The central part of their position was rejecting the possibility of the discovery of causal connections by the use of reason. The theorems that make up medical knowledge are empirical generalizations that do not include the specification of the cause. However, the Greek authors outside Empiricism, both medical and philosophical, made a strong case for the claim that a generalization must be explanatory to be scientific or artistic. In this paper I discuss how non-explanatory generalizations, being statements of frequency of joint occurrences which are statistically accurate, can be taken by the Empiricists as scientific. (shrink)

The article considers Cassirer’s philosophy of mathematics in opposition to empiricist theories, Frege’s logicism, and its realism, Hilbert’s formalism and its nominalism, and Brouwer’s intuitionism grounding mathematics in the intuition of time. For Cassirer mathematical objects are purely relational structures and not abstractions of certain characteristics, as is the case with empiricists and Frege. In opposition to logicists, Cassirer argues for the synthetic nature of mathematics. Contrary to Brouwer, he does not ground this in intuition but ascribes to mathematics a (...) purely logical nature and relates it to the purely rational faculty of the spirit. He thus turns away from Hilbert, who takes sensuous objects to be the object of mathematics; he also cannot agree with his formalism, which reduces all progress in mathematics to a mere combination of signs, thus stripping it of all meaning. The article considers these differences in view of the opposition between the cardinal and ordinal theories of number and the introduction of ideal elements. (shrink)

Suvremena zapadna društva pridaju veliku pozornost problemima vezanima uz ljudsku sreću. Ono što je karakteristično za ovu zaokupljenost tretiranje je negativnih emocija kao poremećaja. Služeći se interdisciplinarnim pristupom, ovaj je članak pokušao izložiti nekoliko važnih problema aktualnih gledišta o sreći, socijalizaciji emocija te ukazati na moguća ograničenja nekih utjecajnih teorija.Some of the important occupations of contemporary western societies are questions concerning human happiness. A characteristic of this absorption is treating negative emotions as a mere disorder. By using an interdisciplinary approach (...) this article tried to expose some of the main problems of contemporary views on happiness, socializing of emotions and possible limits of some prevalent theories. (shrink)

McCullough et al 1 confront a challenge that no organisation has fully eradicated: incivility. They emphasise that civility is not merely a matter of common decency and good conduct but also a moral imperative, an aspirational value that should be promoted and modelled by all the members of the institutions and throughout all the stages of practitioners’ careers. In their fusion of ancient wisdom and philosophical classics with their own insights on contemporary workplaces, they forward a defensible case for why (...) civility matters and is worthy of continuous contemplation. Given the clarity and persuasion of their piece, I do not seek to challenge their claims. Instead, I will complement their argument with a perspective highlighting the difficulties of identifying low-level workplace mistreatments and responding to them impartially. While organisations should certainly not skimp on their efforts to promote civility and hold their transgressors accountable, there are nonetheless boundaries to good intentions.2 The unexamined pursuit of civility, if characterised by inconsistent definitions of harm and inappropriate allegations of uncivil acts, runs the risk of fostering its own toxicity spirals. With the hope of contributing to the exchange initiated by McCullough and colleagues, I briefly highlight …. (shrink)

Review on Philip J. van der Eijk, Medicine and Philosophy in Classical Antiquity: Doctors and Philosophers on Nature, Soul, Health and Disease, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005.

Istraživanjima vezanim uz vrednovanje znanstvenog rada u području filozofije na svjetskoj razini bavilo se vrlo malo autora. Zbog specifičnosti ove discipline, scientometrijski istraživati filozofiju unutar humanistike može biti komparativno interesantno, ali ona u ovim istraživanjima svakako zaslužuje posebno mjesto. U ovom radu pokušali smo dobiti uvid u potencijalnu vidljivost hrvatskih filozofskih časopisa indeksiranošću u bazi podataka The Philosopher’s Index i mjerenjem odjeka članaka kroz citiranost u Social Science Citation Index i Arts & Humanities Citation Index . Citatnom analizom nastojali smo (...) dobiti uvid u komunikacijske odnose hrvatskih filozofskih časopisa. Jedan od osnovnih zaključaka je da u vrednovanju znanstvenog rada u filozofiji, ISI-jeve citatne baze nemaju isti značaj kao za područje prirodnih znanosti ili biomedicine. Očekuje se da će znatno relevantniji instrumentarij u vrednovanju znanstvenog rada u području filozofije biti baza podataka ERIH .Few authors worldwide have conducted some research on the evaluation of scientific work in the field of philosophy. Due to specificity of this discipline, scientometric research of philosophy inside the humanities can be comparatively interesting, but philosophy should have a special position in this research. In this paper we have tried to get an insight into the potential visibility of Croatian philosophy journals indexed by The Philosopher’s Index, and by measuring their impact through citations by Social Science Citation Index and Arts & Humanities Citation Index . Using citation analysis, we have tried to establish the communication relationship between Croatian and other philosophy journals worldwide and to determine significance of Croatian philosophy journals. One of our main conclusions is that the evaluation of scientific work in philosophy by ISI citation databases does not have the same importance as it has in the field of science or biomedicine. Furtheremore, database ERIH is expected to become more relevant instrument in the evaluation of scientific work in the field of philosophy. (shrink)

The article deals with the problem of death and certainty as reflected in Daoism and Japanese Buddhist philosophy. In the Buddhist context, the Japanese Pure Land theory is discussed. The Buddhist theories are illustrated with the quotations of Daoist philosophers, Zhuang Zi and Lao Zi {Dan dejing), which illuminate the problem of certainty related to the theory of body and its transformations through the mental and physical techniques used in visualizations that were used on the Buddhist path to truth and (...) certainty. (shrink)

Sestavek prikazuje logično-diskurzivni in meditativno-mistični pristop k vprašanjem človeškega obstoja in minljivosti. Avtorica obravnava odgovore, kijih v zvezi s problemom človeške minljivosti ponujajo azijske filozofske in religiozne tradicije, in jih primeija z odklonilno držo evropske znanstvene in filozofske tradicije do meditativnih in mističnih dimenzij v spoznavnem procesu, ki je pogosto označen kot »neznanstven« in neustrezen, v okviru azijskih filozofskih prizadevanj pa je nepogrešljiv.

Revision of the author's thesis (doctoral) originally presented unter the title: Metaphysik, Logik und Methode Kants--Universitèat Paderborn, 2016.

What is the strength of anthropological fieldwork when we want to understand human technologies? In this article we argue that anthropological fieldwork can be understood as a process of gaining insight into different contextualisations in practiced places that will open up new understandings of technologies in use, e.g., technologies as multistable ontologies. The argument builds on an empirical study of robots at a Danish rehabilitation centre. Ethnographic methods combined with anthropological learning processes open up new way for exploring how robots (...) enter into professional practices and change values, social relations and materialities. Though substantial funding has been invested in developing health service robots, few studies have been undertaken that explore human-robot interactions as they play out in everyday practice. We argue that the complex learning processes involve not only so-called end-users but also staff, management, doings and discourse in a complex amalgamation of materials and values. (shrink)

In the psychological literature, love is often seen as a construct inseparable from that of close, interpersonal relationships. As a result, it has been often assumed that the same motivational factors underlie both phenomena. This often leads researchers to propose that love does not exist in itself—that it is an emotion which stems solely from a need for attachment, fulfillment of reproductive aims, or for social exchange. The popular cultural imagination, however, perceives love as a unique, mysterious, altruistic, ever-lasting bond (...) between two people—a vision of love which is at odds with its supposed psychological origins. We propose that an ideal of love and its enactment in our culture is a result of two intertwining factors. Within the last few centuries, interpersonal relationships and love have replaced religion as islands of existential comfort. Toward this end, lovers project illusory meaning on their partners. The laborious and turbulent process of withdrawing these projections can lead to what many thinkers think “love” is: bestowal of value on another, and consequent respect for, and care for that person, unmotivated by one's own needs, within the context of a real relationship. (shrink)

I provide some considerations on scientific thought experiments, focusing on their epistemic value. First, I outline the distinctive features of scientific thought experiments, provide some historical background and, as an illustration, describe two thought experiments: Galileo's on falling bodies and Stevin's on inclined plane. I take thought experiments in physics as an example from which more general conclusions can be drawn - about thought experiments in other natural sciences, but also in philosophy, mathematics, and other sciences. Further, I present Kuhn's (...) epistemic puzzle as well as some proposed solutions. This closely relates to the question what kind of processes are involved in scientific thought experimenting. The satisfactory answer must consider scientific discoveries. I outline the mental model account as the most promising account since it best incorporates the findings of cognitive science. I conclude with two issues that the account needs to resolve and the role cognitive science can play in this. (shrink)