The rating of perceived exertion can be used to monitor the exercise intensity during laboratory and specific tests, training sessions, and to estimate the internal training load of the athletes. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a specific pictorial perceived exertion scale for soccer players called GOAL Scale. The pictorial GOAL Scale was validated for twenty under-17 soccer players. In the validation phase, the athletes were evaluated in a progressive protocol involving stimuluses of 3 min (...) with 1 min for the rest into the stages until the voluntary exhaustion in Maximal Cardiopulmonary Effort Test, and in the Yo Yo Intermittent Recovery Test – Level 1. The RPE identified by the GOL Scale, by the Borg Scale 6 – 20 and by the Cavasini Scale, as well as the heart rate, perceptual of the heart rate and the blood lactate concentration were immediately evaluated after each stage of both tests. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used. Construct scale validity was examined by regressing GOAL Scale against Borg Scale 6 – 20 and Cavasini Scale and concurrent scale validity was investigated by regressing GOAL Scale against HR, beats/min and blood lactate concentration during two progressive tests. There was a significant correlation values of the GOAL Scale with Borg Scale, Cavasini Scale, %HRmax, HR and lactate during tests. The results evidenced concurrent and construct validity of the GOAL Scale across a wide range of exercise intensity. The absence of verbal anchors makes the use of this instrument to soccer, futsal and beach soccer athletes of different languages and different literacy levels possible. (shrink)

La terminología más exacta para hablar de los derechos del hombre, es la de ser «fundamentales», porque afectan a las dimensiones más básicas del ser humano y,por ello mismo, tienen que ser protegidos y garantizados por los poderes públicos. Se trata de derechos públicos subjetivos que son universales, imprescriptibles, irrenunciables e inalienables. Tienen límites filosóficos, de naturaleza sociológica o por razón de su finalidad. Poseen un fundamento iusnaturalista y no meramente positivista. Las primeras declaraciones de derechos fundamentales universales no aparecen (...) hasta finales del siglo XVIII, con carácter de individuales y personales, para, después, incorporar también derechos sociales, económicos, culturales y a los actuales de protección del medio ambiente, minusválidos, etc. Es lo propio del actual Estado social y democrático de derecho. (shrink)

The present study aims to apply a program based on Hellison’s Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model (TPSR), traditionally used in Physical Education, to other educational subjects and examine the assessment of the teachers who carried it out during the 2018-2019 school year. The program was applied over eight months of one academic year and during at least 60% of the weekly class hours. Initially, 586 students participated, 429 being experimental subjects with 30 teachers, of whom 16 participated in the (...) interviews carried out, all of them being Secondary Education teachers. We used qualitative methodology through content analysis carried out with ATLAS.ti 7.1.3. The instruments used to collect information were semi-structured recorded group interviews. The conclusion is that the Personal and Social Responsibility Model can be applied to all subjects in the curriculum and is adaptable to any content and type of student body. As a basis for future research, we suggest the application of the model by all teachers involved in the same school year and the participation of students’ families. (shrink)

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the variable Social Responsibility, Sustainable Marketing and Consumer Behavior. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in the Scopus database during the period 2017-2022, achieving the identification of 57 publications. The information provided by this platform was organized through graphs and figures categorizing the information by Year (...) of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics have been described, the position of different authors regarding the proposed theme is referenced through a qualitative analysis. Among the main findings made through this research, it is found that the United States, with 10 publications, was the country with the highest scientific production registered in the name of authors affiliated with institutions in that country. The Area of Knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material regarding the scope of Social Responsibility, Sustainable Marketing and Consumer Behavior was Business, Administration and Accounting with 34 published documents, and the most used Type of Publication during the period indicated above were Journal Articles with 67% of the total scientific production. (shrink)

El auge de los populismos de extrema derecha en el último tiempo amerita una indagación acerca de las características de la ideología reaccionaria. Una forma de aproximarse a esta es a través del pensamiento de sus principales autores. Nicolás Gómez Dávila es el mejor representante del pensamiento reaccionario en la filosofía latinoamericana, de modo que, a partir del análisis de algunos de sus escritos y siguiendo la propuesta de Richard Shorten para identificar lo reaccionario con base en tres pilares retóricos: (...) decadencia (_logos_), conspiración (_ethos_) e indignación (_pathos_), este artículo enfatiza algunas características propias de la ideología reaccionaria que la distinguen del conservadurismo, ilustrando esas diferencias con la retórica de algunos líderes reaccionarios que antecedieron a Nicolás Gómez Dávila en la Colombia del siglo XX. (shrink)

Background During the most critical phases of COVID-19 pandemic, dramatic situations were experienced in hospitals and care centers that nurses could hardly verbalize. Especially relevant were deep challenges related to terminal illness, situations of extreme sacrifice, as well as reflections on protective measures mixed with beliefs. We intend to analyze which problems had the greatest impact on professionals. Aim The aim is to explore the ultimate basis for action when making decisions and the orientation of their behavior in the face (...) of moral conflicts. Method The methodological strategy is an interpretive synthesis. Narrative review of academic articles that analyzed ethical dilemmas during the pandemic was carried out by searching five databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Psycinfo, CINHAL, and WOS) between January 2020 and December 2022. Finally, 43 articles were selected. Ethical Considerations Ethical requirements were respected in all study phases. Results The reading and review of the 43 articles initiated the first phase of inductive coding which resulted in 14 initial sub-themes. Based on this structure, a second phase of coding was carried out, giving rise to six categories or emerging themes. To facilitate the process of identifying the central category, the authors agreed to carry out a phase of synthesis, grouping the six themes into three meta-themes: the identification and acceptance of human vulnerability; the discovery of positive paradigms in traumatic situations in society; the prevalence of the common good over the particular interest, as the core structure of any society. Conclusion The study has shown the need to consider healthcare benevolence as a new dimension of health care upon global vulnerability. Responsibility is required to ensure the well-being of a global society, prioritizing the common good over particular interests and building solutions on solid moral structures. A new ethical landscape is essential, starting with a humanistic curricular training of all healthcare professionals. (shrink)

This commentary is a critical appraisal of Gil-Pérez et al.'s (2002) conceptualization of constructivism. It is argued that the following aspects of their presentation are problematic: (a) Although the role of controversy is recognized, the authors implicitly subscribe to a Kuhnian perspective of `normal' science; (b) Authors fail to recognize the importance of von Glasersfeld's contribution to the understanding of constructivism in science education; (c) The fact that it is not possible to implement a constructivist pedagogy without a constructivist epistemology (...) has been ignored; and (d) Failure to recognize that the metaphor of the `student as a developing scientist' facilitates teaching strategies as students are confronted with alternative/rival/conflicting ideas. Finally, we have shown that constructivism in science education is going through a process of continual critical appraisals. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of a brief informed consent quiz to detect consent comprehension in individuals with cognitive impairment and to explore the degree to which cognitive domains and recent substance use, independently, predict comprehension. We performed a secondary analysis of two cross-sectional studies in individuals with substance use disorders. The ICQ total score was used as the index test and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment as reference standard in receiver operating characteristic curves. Two (...) independent multiple binary logistic regression models were performed using cognitive domains and days of recent substance use as predictors of ICQ outcome. We analyzed data from 215 and 251 participants, respectively. The ICQ showed moderate accuracy for major cognitive impairment and lower accuracy for mild impairment. Optimal cutoff score was set at 10 points or less for detecting comprehension difficulty. Lower scores in Short-Term Memory, Attention, Language, and Orientation increased the probability of failing the ICQ. A procedure including both the ICQ and cognitive screening measure could improve the accuracy of consent comprehension assessments. (shrink)

Positive Youth Development (PYD) is an approach that promotes resilience and focuses on youth strengths rather than their weaknesses as done by the traditional deficit-based perspective. Research in Europe and North America show that developmental assets are associated with school success, psychological well-being, and lower health risks among youth and young adults. However, not much research has been done on these associations in Latin American contexts. The purpose of this research study is to assess the association between substance use behaviors, (...) such as drunkenness and the use of illicit drugs, and mental health, together with the mediating role of developmental assets representing youth strengths (e.g., social competence) and contextual resources (e.g., social support at home or school). Cross-national data was collected from Colombian (n= 210; 70.4% females) and Peruvian(n= 349; 66.5% females) 1st year university students. Results shed light on the protective role of developmental assets regarding substance use behaviors and mental well-being. Specifically, the results showed direct negative associations between developmental assets and substance use behaviors and positive associations of developmental assets with mental health indicators. Internal assets appear to be a stronger predictor of social, emotional, and psychological well-being compared to external assets. We did not find any statistical significance in the association of substance use behavior and mental health. We discuss implications regarding research, policy, and practice. (shrink)

Based on the results obtained from primary education students—fifth and sixth graders—the aim of this work is to check the appropriate self-perceived behaviors during and at the end of the game. The study population was made up of 698 students from fifth and sixth grade in the Autonomous Region of Castilla–La Mancha (Spain). Data were collected through a questionnaire (scale) on the social skills of primary school students linked to the adequate skills when losing, the adequate skills when winning, and (...) the adequate skills during the game. Study results revealed that analyzed behaviors vary, depending on the moment of the game, being it more frequently during the development of the game than when losing or winning. (shrink)

L'actuel regain d'intérêt pour la philosophie témoigne de l'attente la plus légitime qui soit, eu égard aux prétentions traditionnelles et à l'aura de cette discipline, mais également la plus difficile à satisfaire : qu'elle mène celui qui épouse ses chemins à une véritable réappropriation de sa propre existence, à une recréation personnelle. Impossible ici de se satisfaire d'un horizon de consolations aimables et de recettes de prospérité, non plus que de vertiges théorisants ou d'érudition monomaniaque. Face à un monde qui (...) semble avoir d'avance consumé nos élans et consommé nos révoltes, les postures et commodités ne sont plus de mise. Un retour d'authenticité s'impose à l'engagement philosophique lui-même. En fait, la mise à l'épreuve de soi est passage obligé, dès lors que de mort de Dieu en chute des idoles de remplacement, nul ne peut plus prétendre faire surgir la valeur irréductible de l'humain d'ailleurs que de l'homme... D'où la pertinence et l'attrait de l'exploration, ici proposée, des voies traditionnelles et ressorts nouveaux d'une maïeutique propre à faire naître l'homme à lui-même, à travers la mise à nu et le retrait de tous les masques que nous imposent la vie en société et le respect de ses codes. Poussant au déracinement du moi comme à une étape nécessaire au dévoilement de notre vérité, les auteurs de cet essai s'inscrivent dans la lointaine filiation de ces philosophes de l'Antiquité (Stoïciens, Cyniques) qui vivaient leur philosophie comme un travail sur soi, voire une ascèse, et dans le prolongement de tout ce pan de la pensée contemporaine qui, avec Foucault notamment, s'est employé à armer la philosophie d'un pouvoir maximal de transformation croisée de celui qui s'y adonne et du social qui l'environne. (shrink)

Il nous faut reconsidérer les métaphysiques successives comme l'articulation des moments de l'être, de l'apparaître, et de l'évaluation de leur rapport. Une métaphysique sacrificielle tend à enfermer ce rapport entre l'être et l'apparaître dans une grande pince divine de prévisibilité : l'être est destiné à l'homme prométhéen, et seul lui serait capable de faire apparaître un monde. Mais si l'on prend au sérieux l'hypothèse communiste que toutes les forces de vie sont des foyers d'apparaitre à égalité, alors cette pince devient (...) une véritable police de maintien d'un ordre hiérarchique, incapable de penser les éclosions du nouveau.0Les autres vies non humaines s'insurgent contre cette police et nos schèmes sacrificiels, pour nous restituer notre puissance d'agir : pour une extension, communiste et végétale, du domaine de l'agir en commun. (shrink)

Sense and Uncertainty presents a phenomenological account of the possibility of rational action amid the challenges posed by violence, volatile conditions, uncertain outcomes, and social dependence. The book asks us to consider the following: We are often forced through violence to do things that do not make sense for us except to avoid retaliations, punishments, or the various evils that others might inflict on us. We inhabit a world that escapes our control. This involves living in uncertainty concerning the things (...) that we might suffer and do, that is, the things that might happen to us and the results of our actions. We are dependent on others and collaborate with them in ways that make it impossible to fully understand the sense of our own actions and practical intentions. Rationality involves insightful thinking about the world and our emotional responses to it, something we do in our everyday lives, whether consciously or without awareness. Sense and Uncertainty attempts to make explicit and to clarify the implications of this conceptually neglected aspect of our rationality: namely, that it involves paying attention to our emotions and values. An ethical life in which we can act meaningfully in the face of violence and uncertainty, and in which we can make sense of our vulnerability and dependence on others, demands that we think about and seek insight into how we love, why we hope, and in whom or in what we trust. The phenomenological ethics presented in Sense and Uncertainty draws on the works of Western canonical philosophers like Edmund Husserl, Max Scheler, Simone de Beauvoir, Anthony Steinbock, and José Ortega y Gasset, as well as on those of Latin American thinkers such as Luis Villoro, Rita Segato, and Augusto Salazar Bondy, among others. (shrink)

En este artículo se abordan aspectos centrales del pensamiento de Luis Villoro que se desprenden de la relación crítica que mantuvo con la fenomenología trascendental de Edmund Husserl. Algunos de ellos son las preguntas sobre el sentido que tenga la reflexión filosófica en los contextos vitales y sociales concretos en los que se lleva a cabo, así como sobre la tarea de la filosofía misma, los temas sobre los que no puede dejar de hablar y el tipo de conocimiento (...) al que debe aspirar. En la parte final se sugiere que las perspectivas que se abren con el estudio comparativo de estos dos pensadores son importantes para reivindicar la tarea crítica de la filosofía respecto de la realidad en la que se cultiva y se despliega. (shrink)

L’auteur interprète ce que Cavell a écrit sur les conférences d’Austin sur les actes de langage, en attribuant à ces récents essais la même portée subversive radicale que celle que Cavell lui-même découvre dans Quand dire, c’est faire. Il montre ensuite comment la notion cavellienne d’énoncé passionnel clarifie son idée d’une « flexible inflexibilité » dans nos façons humaines de faire des choses avec des mots, et ainsi révèle un fil directeur dans son œuvre, dans des champs aussi divers que (...) le cinéma ou le perfectionnisme moral. (shrink)

Marine Lorrain : Dans votre travesti, est-ce que vous pouviez compter sur une aide quelconque des Tibétains tout au long de votre pèlerinage? Comment faisiez-vous pour subsister? Alexandra David-Néel : Ah, il y avait des villages. Devant les villages, on s’en allait mendier, puisqu’on était des mendiants. On s’en allait mendier et, puis, on chantait des choses religieuses aux portes des villages. Je fais ça très bien, du reste ; mon fils aussi, lui, il est tibétain, naturellement. Et alors,...

Alberto Andreu Marín, Fernando Javier Martínez Santiago, Luís Alfonso Ureña López y Pilar López Úbeda Sistemas Inteligentes de Acceso a … Read More →.

El SARS-CoV-2 más conocido como COVID 19 ha evidenciado de forma radical como el sistema capitalista neoliberal, nos ha llevado a una serie de maquillajes de la realidad que no permitían ver la gravedad de su construcción de inequidad, pero lo que es peor, al convertir en una empresa rentable todo lo que toca, termino por desdibujar la democracia, la justicia, y el estado mismo. El presente texto que obedece al programa de investigación “proyecto 29-000029 Dinámicas urbano-regionales, economía solidaria y (...) construcción de paz territorial en Antioquia” de UNAULA, para demostrar lo inicialmente planteado se procederá primero mostrando como el sistema de salud al ser convertido en un negocio, no tuvo capacidad para enfrentar la pandemia en ninguna parte del mundo, ello tuvo como consecuencia la parálisis de la economía mundial, pero adicionalmente genero un escenario perfecto para el encumbramiento de dictadores disfrazados de mesías, bien sea por el temor de los parlamentos a enfermarse o su cierre simbólico por su ausencia, eliminando de tajo la escasa democracia representativa, sumado a la parálisis de la justicia, además de la pobreza, el racismo, desigualdad y la estigmatización, que se vio controlada por la represión armada y la vigilancia que reino en el mundo y especialmente en Colombia con diferentes facetas. (shrink)

Para comprender qué fue la Monarquía de los Reyes Católicos -Monarquía Católica española, como la denominaría Tommasso Campanella un siglo más tarde- tenemos que desprendernos de muchas opiniones de nuestros días e intentar referirnos a los valores, ideas y opiniones que conformaban la sociedad europea de aquel tiempo. En el tránsito de la Edad Media a la Modernidad no existía ningún valor comparable al de la fe, fundamento de toda sociedad a la que definía, haciéndola cristiana, judía o musulmana. Un (...) judío o musulmán que se convertía dejaba automáticamente de pertenecer a su sociedad pasando a integrarse en la cristiana.…. (shrink)

This chapter addresses the challenges of implementing reflective thinking in engineering ethics education (EEE). It examines existing methods for teaching ethical reflection in EEE and argues that pedagogical activities aiming to foster ethical reflection need to be infused with dialogical interactions and, at a deeper level, informed by dialogism. Dialogism is understood as a relational approach to inquiry in which interactions between moral agents enable them to develop their own understandings through the process of finding shared meanings with the others (...) in activities such as sharing reasons and deliberation. Drawing on pragmatism and phenomenology, the authors conceptualize reflection as a mode of thinking that enables us to monitor and question our assumptions and values – and to synthesize experiences and situations continuously and iteratively. Classroom reflection is a nuanced practice that can be captured through experiential, first-person accounts. Given the centrality of the dialogical experiences in reflection, the assessment methods should focus on evaluating the process rather than the learning outcomes, by emphasizing self-awareness, transformation, and spontaneity in class interactions. In creating opportunities for reflection, instructors need to purposefully consider their choice of specific cases and scenarios used in instruction. Students should be guided to recognize and engage in ethical situations by considering their full, diverse, and complex contextual reality, their own assumptions, values, and experiences, and by promoting dialogical practices in the classroom. (shrink)

Conocer los elementos que forman parte del mundo advierte de la presencia de un saber general que responde a definiciones universales, al ser estos rasgos de un saber que explica las causas y principios de todo ente lo cual implica comprender aquello por lo que las cosas son. En efecto, los conceptos del ser, de ente y substancia adquieren un nuevo sentido en el pensamiento de Aristóteles dejando un claro nexo entre estos, precisamente en el consorcio entitatividad-esencialidad que define a (...) la sustancia. Por eso, este artículo es un esclarecimiento de la novedad de Aristóteles frente a una tradición metafísica de la cual se hace heredero, además de crítico. (shrink)

Autour de la grande conference de Jacques Derrida, intitulee Justices, prononcee en 2003 et demeuree inedite en francais a ce jour, cet ouvrage collectif convoque certains des meilleurs specialistes de son oeuvre. Il s'agit moins ici de commemorer ou de dresser un etat des lieux que de penser, a partir de Derrida et avec lui, ce qui vient et de repondre a l'appel, aux appels pluriels qui resonnent dans son travail philosophique. Sont ainsi examines les principaux legs de sa pensee (...) dans les differents domaines (philosophie, politique, science des religions, esthetique, litterature) qu'elle a profondement transformes. Autant de reponses et de responsabilites, autant de provocations a lire et a relire l'oeuvre de Jacques Derrida a sa hauteur, comme elle nous y engage toujours. Avec les textes de: Gil Anidjar, Philip Armstrong, Fernanda Bernardo, Mireille Calle-Gruber, Danielle Cohen-Levinas, Gianfranco Dalmasso, Francoise Dastur, Jacques Derrida, Silvano Facioni, Edoardo Ferrario, Jerome Lebre, Georges Leroux, Michel Lisse, Rene Major, Marie-Louise Mallet, Serge Margel, Joana Maso, Ginette Michaud, J. Hillis Miller, Raoul Moati, Jean-Luc Nancy, Evando Nascimento, Francois Nault, Laura Odello, Jean-Michel Rabate, Marta Segarra, Peter Szendy, Chantal Talagrand, Francesco Vitale et Hent de Vries. (shrink)

Este artículo estudia el poder de la visualidad en la política. Entre aquello que está permitido ver y aquello que está prohibido mostrar, el régimen escópico se define por la intervención del poder institucional respecto de la mirada del espectador. Este estudio se desarrolla entre la tradición filosófica y otras aportaciones multidisciplinares que evidencian a) el control político en los regímenes escópicos de la mirada del espectador; b) la consolidación de una cultura visual que condiciona el modo de vida de (...) los individuos y las sociedades; c) el dominio del espacio social por medio de la regulación del espacio visual; y d) la manipulación de los afectos por medio de la experiencia visual. En este estudio destacamos la apertura de la consciencia crítica en la modernidad a la estetización de la política. (shrink)

Bernard Stiegler est né en philosophie comme l’on construit un édifice de sable à marée montante : toujours déjà un sacrifice. D’emblée l’expérience de la beauté et de sa perte. Son suicide marque la fin d’une vie qui n’aura eu de cesse de lutter contre les faux-semblants, les sur-codages, les symptômes accablant de vérités toutes faites. Pour quelqu’un qui, comme moi, a eu la chance de côtoyer Bernard, il est difficile de ne pas se rendre compte de la force qu’il (...) nous laisse après son départ. Lui qui s’attela contre les effets de l’industrialisation de nos mémoires et de la synchronisation accélérée de nos consciences,1 lui qui lutta pour que l’âme soit l’axiome de nos politiques industrielles et digitales,2 lui qui pensa la transmission et l’adoption quand d’autres prônaient la transaction et l’adaptation. Bernard nous a quittés. Comme un marin quitte son navire. Seul. (shrink)

Marc Richir ha mostrado en obras recientes la importancia de un análisis fenomenológico de las relaciones complejas entre fantasía, imaginación y afectividad, a fin de descifrar nuestra “demasiado humana” naturaleza. La terra incognita que se deja contemplar desde tal encrucijada de conceptos es difícil de analizar y plantea el reto de comprender que no podemos “medir” nuestra “condición humana” sin tomar en consideración las dimensiones imaginativas y afectivas, las fronteras de la razón, los puntales de la institución simbólica, la presencia (...) savage y no perceptible de la Stimmung. En este particular contexto no es un detalle, a nuestro parecer, la referencia hecha por Richir a Maine de Biran; pues él cree que Biran es el filósofo que “mejor que ningún otro, y mucho antes de Heidegger” comprendió y analizó con mayor rigor las singulares características de esta terra incognita (“continente perdido”, dice Biran) de la Stimmung, de las tonalidades, variaciones y erupciones, afectivas. Este ensayo pretende subrayar los puntos fundamentales de la posición de Richir al respecto, pero también, y sobre todo, mediar en la contribución de Maine de Biran a la comprensión de la tonalidad siempre bizarra que baña al mundo cuando nos aparece en su Jemeiningkeit. (shrink)

Over the last sixty to seventy years, our cultures have undergone an immense shift: the "official" God has become a strange, distant, and for some, non-existent God. Does that mean that God no longer claims a presence and influence in public and private life, or that He is of no interest to 21st-century societies? Lluís Duch explores this exile of God from our present-day societies.

El artículo propone una reflexión filosófica inspirada en la actual situación de fragilidad institucional colombiana. Se arguye en él: (1) Que hay un elemento pragmático y uno normativo en la idea de que las instituciones políticas y sociales establecen y aseguran la vida humana y la hacen duradera...