Because a large number of molecular mechanisms involved in gene regulation have been described during the last decades, it is now becoming possible to address questions about the global structure of gene regulatory networks, at least in the case of some of the best-characterized organisms.This paper presents a global characterization of the transcriptional regulation in Escherichiacoli on the basis of the current data. The connectivity of the corresponding network was evaluated by analyzing the distribution of the number of genes regulated (...) by a given regulatory protein, and the distribution of the number of regulatory genes regulating a given regulated gene. The mean connectivity found (between 2 and 3) shows a rather loosely interconnected structure. Special emphasis is given to circular sequences of interactions (“circuits”) because of their critical dynamical properties. Only one-element circuits were found, in which negative autoregulation is the dominant architecture. These global properties are discussed in light of several pertinent theoretical approaches, as well as in terms of physiological and evolutionary considerations. BioEssays 20:433–440, 1998. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons Inc. (shrink)

This paper analyses the activities of five organizations shaping the debate over the global governance of genome editing in order to assess current approaches to public engagement (PE). We compare the recommendations of each group with its own practices. All recommend broad engagement with the general public, but their practices vary from expert-driven models dominated by scientists, experts, and civil society groups to citizen deliberation-driven models that feature bidirectional consultation with local citizens, as well as hybrid models that combine elements (...) of both approaches. Only one group practices PE that seeks community perspectives to advance equity. In most cases, PE does little more than record already well-known views held by the most vocal groups, and thus is unlikely to produce more just or equitable processes or policy outcomes. Our exploration of the strengths, weaknesses, and possibilities of current forms of PE suggests a need to rethink both “public” and “engagement.”. (shrink)

Research has revealed how inherent self-organizing tendencies in athletes and sports teams can be exploited to facilitate emergence of dynamical patterns in synergy formation in sports teams. Here, we discuss how game models, and associated tactical principles of play, may be implemented to constrain co-existing global-to-local and local-to-global self-organization tendencies in team sports players during training and performance. Understanding how to harness the continuous interplay between these co-existing, bi-directional, and coordination tendencies is key to shaping system behaviors in sports training. (...) Training programs are traditionally dominated by designs, which shape the self-organizing tendencies of players and teams at a global-to-local scale by coaches imposing a tactical/strategical plan with associated tactical principles of play. Nevertheless, recent research suggests that performers also need to be provided with opportunities to explore self-organizing tendencies that emerge at the local-to-global scale in training. This directional tendency in synergy formation can be facilitated by players being given opportunities to actively explore different adaptive and innovative performance solutions, coherent with principles of play circumscribed in an overarching game model. Developing methods (coaching sessions rooted on principles of dynamical systems theory that foment the development of such local-to-global relations) to exploit the continuous interplay between these co-existing tendencies within sports teams may promote more effective and efficient athlete skill training programs, in addition to enhancing performance. (shrink)

The objective was to propose an educational management model from the constructivist perspective to improve teacher performance in primary and secondary education institutions. The research was basic, quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive-propositional in scope. The sample consisted of 92 teachers from an educational institution in Lambayeque, Peru. The results obtained in the surveys place teacher performance at a low level in all its dimensions: preparation for student learning (60.90%); teaching for student learning (70.70%); participation in the management of (...) the school articulated to the community (66.30%); and development of teacher professionalism and identity (64.10%). Similarly, the information obtained regarding the management of the educational institution allows it to be classified as deficient in the four dimensions: organizational, (59.80%); administrative, (57.60%); pedagogical-didactic (60.90%) and community (62.00%). It was concluded that proposing an educational management model from the constructivist perspective will contribute to improving teacher performance in primary and secondary education institutions, which was validated by the criteria of five experts. (shrink)

Emotions are complex reactions that allow individuals to cope with significant positive and negative events. Research on emotion was pioneered by Darwin’s work on emotional expressions in humans and animals. But Darwin was concerned mainly with facial and bodily expressions of significance for humans, citing mainly examples from mammals (e.g., apes, dogs, and cats). In birds, emotional expressions are less evident for a human observer, so a different approach is needed. Understanding avian emotions will provide key evolutionary information on the (...) evolution of related behaviors and brain circuitry. Birds and mammals are thought to have evolved from different groups of Mesozoic reptiles, theropod dinosaurs and therapsids, respectively, and therefore, their common ancestor is likely to be a basal reptile living about 300 million years ago, during the Carboniferous or Permian period. Yet, birds and mammals exhibit extensive convergence in terms of relative brain size, high levels of activity, sleep/wakefulness cycles, endothermy, and social behavior, among others. This article focuses on two basic emotions with negative valence: fear and frustration. Fear is related to the anticipation of dangerous or threatening stimuli (e.g., predators or aggressive conspecifics). Frustration is related to unexpected reward omissions or devaluations (e.g., loss of food or sexual resources). These results have implications for an understanding of the conditions that promote fear and frustration and for the evolution of supporting brain circuitry. (shrink)

This article presents the analysis of the main Spanish political candidates for the elections to be held on April 2019. The analysis focuses on the Facial Expression Analysis (FEA), a technique widely used in neuromarketing research. It allows to identify the micro-expressions that are very brief, involuntary. They are signals of hidden emotions that cannot be controlled voluntarily. The video with the final interventions of every candidate has been post-processed using the classification algorithms given by the iMotions's AFFDEX platform. We (...) have then analyzed these data. Firstly, we have identified and compare the basic emotions showed by each politician. Second, we have associated the basic emotions with specific moments of the candidate's speech, identifying the topics they address and relating them directly to the expressed emotion. Third, we have analyzed whether the differences shown by each candidate in every emotion are statistically significant. In this sense, we have applied the non-parametric chi-squared goodness-of-fit test. We have also considered the ANOVA analysis in order to test whether, on average, there are differences between the candidates. Finally, we have checked if there is consistency between the results provided by different surveys from the main media in Spain regarding the evaluation of the debate and those obtained in our empirical analysis. A predominance of negative emotions has been observed. Some inconsistencies were found between the emotion expressed in the facial expression and the verbal content of the message. Also, evidences got from statistical analysis confirm that the differences observed between the various candidates with respect to the basic emotions, on average, are statistically significant. In this sense, this article provides a methodological contribution to the analysis of the public figures' communication, which could help politicians to improve the effectiveness of their messages identifying and evaluating the intensity of the expressed emotions. (shrink)

El avance de la frontera agrícola en la Provincia constituye para las comunidades locales del espacio rural una problemática que se ha incrementado desde la década de 1970. A lo largo de todo este tiempo, los conflictos emergentes por formas distintas de apropiación de los bienes de la naturaleza dieron origen a la generación de espacios de organización de las comunidades locales en toda la Provincia. En este contexto, en 2009 surge la Mesa de Tierras del Departamento Jiménez a partir (...) de la confluencia de organizaciones campesinas, comunidades locales, la Iglesia Católica y organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales. Este espacio de organización constituye un ámbito de discusión, asistencia y elaboración de propuestas ante la conflictualidad emergente por el territorio. La Mesa de Tierras ha venido desarrollando diversas acciones de resistencia: reuniones mensuales para pensar el territorio, feria de productores/as, mapeo colectivo de las comunidades, talleres para fortalecer la producción local (curtidos, queso, huerta, conservas, derivados de la algarroba, etc.), relevamiento de conflictos de tierra y fumigaciones, entre otras. Este trabajo busca sistematizar estas acciones con el objetivo de analizar las estrategias socio-comunitarias de la Mesa a partir de la construcción de una matriz. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa, aplicando las siguientes técnicas: registro y análisis de datos, observación participante y entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Su aporte se basa en visibilizar otras formas de vida y resistencia en el territorio, principalmente a través de las articulaciones con otros actores territoriales. (shrink)

Este estudio analiza el artículo 146 del Código Orgánico Integral Penal (COIP) de Ecuador, esta trata sobre el homicidio culposo por práctica profesional equivocada. La mala praxis médica es un problema grave en el sistema de salud de Ecuador, y la interpretación inadecuada de este artículo ha generado confusión en los procesos legales relacionados. El objeto de la investigación es analizar la normativa del artículo 146 del COIP y las lagunas de interpretación jurídica para determinar la culpabilidad o inocencia de (...) los profesionales de la salud. Para ello, se emplearán métodos comparativos e históricos, que incluyen revisión bibliográfica, análisis de contenido del artículo 146. Los resultados esperados son demostrar las dudas razonables en la prueba del delito de mala praxis, resaltar la importancia de la bioética en los procedimientos legales. Este estudio busca contribuir a una mejor comprensión del marco legal y brindar ideas para la resolución de casos de mala praxis y homicidio culposo en Ecuador. (shrink)

En este texto se hace una introducción y una breve presentación de las distintas contribuciones al dossier. Específicamente, en el texto se precisan los distintos sentidos y perspectivas en los que se han planteado reflexiones filosóficas sobre los distintos aspectos de la educación en América Latina, se muestran algunas líneas temáticas de las reflexiones, se relacionan esas reflexiones con algunos de los planteamientos de la filosofía latinoamericana, se justifica la importancia de continuar y fomentar el trabajo filosófico en este amplio (...) terreno de reflexión filosófica, y se plantean algunos retos para las futuras reflexiones. Finalmente, se presentan y comentan los artículos que forman parte del dossier. (shrink)

Inauguration speech at chair number 18 of the Brasilian Academy of Philosophy.

The Cuban government has undertaken the task of transforming insect pest and weed management from conventional to organic and more sustainable approaches on a nationwide basis. This paper addresses past programs and current major areas of research and implementation as well as provides examples of programs in insect and weed management. Topics covered include the newly constructed network of Centers for the Reproduction of Entomophages and Entomopathogens (CREEs), which provide the infrastructure for the implementation of biological control on state, cooperative, (...) and private farm operations. CREE programs include the mass rearing and release of Trichogramma spp. to manage insect pests of cassava, tobacco, sugarcane, and improved pasture. The entomopathogens, Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Verticillium lecanii, are being mass produced in the CREEs and applied to control a number of key insect pests. A traditional method employed by peasant farmers of using the predatory ant Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius) in the biological control of sweetpotato and banana insect pests has been further developed and implemented. Efforts are underway to rear nematode species that attack insect pests and identify plant extracts with insecticidal qualities as potential management tools. Weed management has moved away from dependence on herbicides and toward alternative techniques that include weed suppression based on rotation schemes, limited use of selective herbicides, and new tillage equipment and practices. (shrink)

Busca identificar as produções acadêmicas dos egressos dos cursos de mestrado e doutorado do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal da Paraíba que possuem eixos temáticos relacionados às tecnologias da informação e comunicação, a fim de subsidiar a inquietação que originou a questão norteadora da pesquisa, a saber: Existe interesse dos pesquisadores da CI em discutir criticamente acerca da fundamentação, consistência e qualidade das informações produzidas e compartilhadas perante o alto índice de produção e disseminação ocasionado (...) pelo avanço das TICs e, que trazem em sua essência posicionamentos críticos-reflexivos quanto à produção, uso e compartilhamento das informações diante do progresso dessas tecnologias. A pesquisa traz resultados quantitativos e qualitativos sobre os discentes e docentes do PPGCI/UFPB quanto aos interesses e posicionamentos críticos dos seus pesquisadores. Enfatiza a preocupação com a necessidade de habilitar os usuários das TICs para melhor aproveitar a dinamicidade e a capacidade produtiva e de compartilhamento resultantes dos avanços tecnológicos. (shrink)

The main goal of this article is to explain the transdisciplinary training model developed at the National University of Education in Ecuador, based on the ancestral worldviews of Buen Vivir. Good Living is a philosophical and political concept of the Kichwa indigenous peoples in the Andean Region, where human beings are interconnected with planet Earth and the whole cosmos. In 2008, Ecuador became the first country in the world to recognize the Rights of Nature in its Constitution, in order to (...) face climate change and to restore the ecological footprint. This article first unifies scientific knowledge with ancestral wisdom, creating an inter-epistemological dialogue using a transdisciplinary approach. Second, the article explores the epistemological notions of transdisciplinary education: self-training, hetero-training, eco-training, and onto-training. Third, the article argues that as a result, Educational Sciences of Good Living emerged to design regenerative cultures that face socio-ecological challenges of the Anthropocene age. In sum, the article argues that training transdisciplinary educators implies an intercultural, decolonial, and biocentric approach that promotes their inner spiritual self-awareness, among other perceptive, affective, emotional, rhetorical, poetic, epistemic, creative, artistic, cognitive, and philosophical dimensions. (shrink)

This article explores the common points and the differences between Hans Kelsen’s and Robert Alexy’s application theories. Although Kelsen subscribed to moral relativism and denied the idea of a practical reason, while Alexy criticised moral relativism and defended the idea of a communicative reason, it is argued that the two theories share important common features, such as denying that interpretation can point one single answer as the right one and acknowledging that interpretation is comprised by both knowledge and will. The (...) article acknowledges that there are differences between both theories, analyses whether these differences are qualitative or quantitative and, in the end, concludes that between the two theories there is not disruption, as one might believe, but rather continuity. (shrink)

La infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) constituye la causa necesaria, aunque no suficiente, de la enfermedad de transmisión sexual más frecuente en el mundo, responsable del 4,5 % de todos los cánceres en ambos sexos. La vacunación frente al VPH, con niveles de eficacia y seguridad similares en ambos sexos, está dirigida básicamente a mujeres, para reducir la incidencia de infección y sus consecuencias, como el cáncer de cérvix. La transmisibilidad del virus en ambos sexos y la (...) inmunidad colectiva que proporciona la vacunación universal hace que su extensión al sexo masculino constituya una cuestión no solo de salud pública, sino también un dilema bioético relacionado con la protección de la salud y la equitativa distribución de los recursos. Este trabajo aborda el análisis bioético de la extensión de la vacunación contra VPH a ambos sexos. (shrink)

I. Introducción: el horizonte verificacionista de la explicación del significado de las oraciones constatativas en la filosofía analítica del lenguaje.II. La aporética de la explicación verificacionista del significado en la filosofía analítica del lenguaje.II. 1. Explicación del significado ilocucionario de las oraciones o actos de habla no constatativos en los términos de "condiciones de realización". -Sobre la aporética del paradigma verificacionista en P. Strawson.II. 2. Explicación del significado ilocucionario de las oraciones o de los actos de habla no constatativos en (...) términos de las "condiciones de satisfacción" referidas a intenciones. -Sobre la aporética del paradigma verificacionista en J. R. Searle.III. La explicación pragmática universal o trascendental del significado ilocucionario de las oraciones o actos de habla en términos de las condiciones de validez.III. 1. El planteo de la pragmática universal sobre la explicación del significado ilocucionario en términos de aceptabilidad de las pretensiones de validez y el problema residual de la aceptación fáctica de las pretensiones ilocucionarias de poder.III. 2. La solución habermasiana del mencionado problema residual mediante la comprobación de la "dependencia parasitaria" del uso encubiertamente estratégico del lenguaje con respecto al uso del lenguaje orientado al entendimiento y el nuevo problema residual del uso abiertamente estratégico del lenguaje.III. 3. La resolución del problema residual del uso abiertamente estratégico del lenguaje por medio del recurso a la reflexión pragmático trascendental sobre las presuposiciones del discurso argumentativo. (shrink)

Este repertorio registra los artículos sobre Platón que se encuentran en la Hemeroteca de la Biblioteca Central de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. El listado abarca las publicaciones existentes hasta el primer semestre del año 2000.

Hutcheson es el teórico del sentido moral. y por tal se entiende una concepción de nuestro comportamiento ético y político que, a la par que sienta las bases de 10 que se ha instituido como concepción liberal de la política, es incapaz de considerar nuestro laborar en el mundo sin referirlo directamente a las imágenes comunitarias de 10 que sea el bien. Lo que Hutcheson nos puede enseñar es que nuestras discusienes actuales en filosofía política malentienden nuestra tradición y son (...) incapaces de leerla al completo: precisamente a poco que se mire en nuestro pasado se comprenderá que nunca han caminado por separado las concepciones entre un estricto y autónomo sentido moral que juzga desde sí y una benevolencia comunitaria que le da los significados con los que juzgar. (shrink)

This work deals with Ratzinger's contribution to the debate on the relationship between science and faith. We do not analyze it from the usual schemes that classify this relationship in models such as “conflict”, “non overlapping magisterial”, “integration”, etc. Ratzinger's position fits better in a scheme that classifies the different attitudes adopted before the thesis of the conflict. We propose a classification of these attitudes. We show how Ratzinger recognizes the existence of a real conflict in the relationship between science (...) and faith. We expose the epistemic roots that, according to Ratzinger, give rise to said conflict and we call “harmonization” his attitude towards it. The task of harmonization proposed by Ratzinger is possible to maintain only from faith. But it is a faith understood differently from the way it appears in the relationship models mentioned above. They are usually presented as alternative models. Ratzinger's proposal serves to give unity to these models. He does not approach the conflict from the illustrated budgets but revealing the keys that determine its nature. They are discovered in a historical process of which our author draws a global picture. In Ratzinger, the conflict is better understood as an insurmountable tension that invites us to undertake a continuous task of purification. The subject of this purification are the images with which faith has been expressed throughout history and the worldviews in which said faith has been embraced, those that have lent it the images. (shrink)

Modern physics was born in the XVII century and soon became the scientific paradigm. The key to its success was the use tht Newton made of mathematics. I hold that Newton’s analysis of mechanics contains flwas which led to its crisis at the end of the XIX century and at the same time had resources to overcome this crisis. I study in this paper the epistemological reasons for these vicissitudes using Polo’s theory of knowledge.

Muchas personas pueden experimentar o han experimentado acontecimientos traumáticos a lo largo de su vida. Cuando hablamos de trauma nos referimos a un acontecimiento o situación que suele aparecer de forma brusca, inesperada, incontrolable, que pone en peligro la integridad física y que tiene consecuencias dramáticas pues no forma parte de las experiencias humanas habituales, siendo el elemento clave la pérdida de confianza.

This article aims at theorizing a creative and processual theory of non-heterosexual identity. It will be argued that, so far, scholars have tended to theorize non-heterosexual identity from a monologic perspective, which establishes one-sidedly a casual and/or unproblematic relation between the emergence of forms of psychological suffering and the development of a non-heterosexual identity. Although it must be recognized that such a claim is important at a political level, at a subjective level, it leaves non-heterosexual people destined to be flooded (...) by distressing and painful emotional states. To counter monologism within theorisations of non-heterosexual identity development, without ignoring the negative impacts of heteronormativity, it will be argued that non-heterosexual identity needs to be theorized 1) as part of a creative process situated in a specific sociohistorical context marked by heteronormativity, 2) as part of a situated process that produces and never ceases to produce multiple effects (self-states), which are unified to create an identity, and 3) as part of a situated process of creation that can be artificially transformed through art. These are the three claims that will move forward the argument of this article. (shrink)

El Curso de teoría del conocimiento, tomo IV reúne los dos volúmenes ya publicados anteriormente con el mismo nombre. En esta nota se trata de situar su contenido en el conjunto de la filosofía de Polo y, también, dentro de su gnoseología. Se hace referencia a algunos temas propios de la filosofía de la ciencia y de la naturaleza en los que el libro comentado constituye una importante aportación.